Michigan is the third-most populous state in the Midwestern United States, with a population of 10,077,331 according to the 2020 United States census. The vast majority of the state's population lives in the Lower Peninsula, with only 301,609 residing in the Upper Peninsula. Culturally, the Lower Peninsula is more diverse with European, Native American, and African-descended communities prevalent, whereas the Upper Peninsula is predominantly European.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 3,757 | — | |
| 1810 | 4,762 | 26.8% | |
| 1820 | 7,452 | 56.5% | |
| 1830 | 28,004 | 275.8% | |
| 1840 | 212,267 | 658.0% | |
| 1850 | 397,654 | 87.3% | |
| 1860 | 749,113 | 88.4% | |
| 1870 | 1,184,059 | 58.1% | |
| 1880 | 1,636,937 | 38.2% | |
| 1890 | 2,093,890 | 27.9% | |
| 1900 | 2,420,982 | 15.6% | |
| 1910 | 2,810,173 | 16.1% | |
| 1920 | 3,668,412 | 30.5% | |
| 1930 | 4,842,325 | 32.0% | |
| 1940 | 5,256,106 | 8.5% | |
| 1950 | 6,371,766 | 21.2% | |
| 1960 | 7,823,194 | 22.8% | |
| 1970 | 8,875,083 | 13.4% | |
| 1980 | 9,262,078 | 4.4% | |
| 1990 | 9,295,297 | 0.4% | |
| 2000 | 9,938,444 | 6.9% | |
| 2010 | 9,883,640 | −0.6% | |
| 2020 | 10,077,331 | 2.0% | |
| 2022 (est.) | 10,034,113 | −0.4% | |
| Sources: 1910–2020 [1] 2022 [2] | |||
| Self-identified race | 1970 [3] | 1990 [3] | 2000 [4] | 2010 [5] | 2020 [6] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White American | 88.3% | 83.4% | 80.1% | 78.9% | 73.9% |
| Black or African American | 11.2% | 13.9% | 14.2% | 14.2% | 13.7% |
| Asian American | 0.2% | 1.1% | 1.8% | 2.4% | 3.3% |
| American Indian | 0.2% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Native Hawaiian and | — | — | — | — | — |
| Other race | 0.2% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 2.2% |
| Two or more races | — | — | 1.9% | 2.3% | 6.3% |
Since the end of 20th century, Michigan has gradually diversified from being 80.1% white at the 2000 U.S. census, to constituting 73.9% of the population in 2020.
Since colonial European and American settlement, the majority of Michigan's population has been predominantly non-Hispanic or non-Latino white; Americans of European descent live throughout every county in the state, and most of Metro Detroit. Large European American groups include those of German, British, Irish, Polish and Belgian ancestry. [7] Scandinavian and Finnish Americans have a notable presence in the Upper Peninsula. [8] Western Michigan is known for its Dutch heritage, especially in Holland and metropolitan Grand Rapids. [9]
Black and African Americans—coming to Detroit and other northern cities in the Great Migration of the early 20th century—have formed a majority of the population in Detroit and other cities including Flint and Benton Harbor. Since the 2021 census estimates—while Detroit was still the largest city in Michigan with a majority black population—it was no longer the largest black-majority city in the U.S., being surpassed by Memphis, Tennessee. [10] [11]
As of 2007 [update] , about 300,000 people in Southeastern Michigan trace their descent from the Middle East and Asia. [12] Dearborn has a sizeable Arab American community, with many Assyrians, and Lebanese who immigrated for jobs in the auto industry in the 1920s, along with more recent Yemenis and Iraqis. [13] As of 2007 [update] , almost 8,000 Hmong people lived in the state of Michigan, about double their 1999 presence in the state. [14] Most lived in northeastern Detroit, but they had been increasingly moving to Pontiac and Warren. [15] By 2015, the number of Hmong in the Detroit city limits had significantly declined. [16] Lansing hosts a statewide Hmong New Year Festival. [15] The Hmong community also had a prominent portrayal in the 2008 film Gran Torino , which was set in Detroit.
As of 2015 [update] , 80% of Michigan's Japanese population lived in the counties of Macomb, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Wayne in the Detroit and Ann Arbor areas. [17] As of April 2013 [update] , the largest Japanese national population is in Novi, with 2,666 Japanese residents, and the next largest populations are respectively in Ann Arbor, West Bloomfield Township, Farmington Hills, and Battle Creek. The state has 481 Japanese employment facilities providing 35,554 local jobs. 391 of them are in Southeast Michigan, providing 20,816 jobs, and the 90 in other regions in the state provide 14,738 jobs. The Japanese Direct Investment Survey of the Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit stated more than 2,208 additional Japanese residents were employed in the State of Michigan as of 1 October 2012 [update] , than in 2011. [18] During the 1990s, the Japanese population of Michigan experienced an increase, and many Japanese people with children moved to particular areas for their proximity to Japanese grocery stores and high-performing schools. [17]
| Ancestry [19] | Number | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghan | 1,037 | ||
| Albanian | 27,952 | ||
As of 2011 [update] , 34.3% of Michigan's children under the age of one belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white. [20]
Note: Percentages in the table can exceed 100% as Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race.
| Race of mother | 2013 [21] | 2014 [22] | 2015 [23] | 2016 [24] | 2017 [25] | 2018 [26] | 2019 [27] | 2020 [28] | 2021 [29] | 2022 [30] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 85,994 (75.7%) | 87,070 (76.1%) | 85,838 (75.7%) | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| > Non-Hispanic White | 79,107 (69.7%) | 80,304 (70.2%) | 78,960 (69.7%) | 77,696 (68.6%) | 75,578 (67.8%) | 74,777 (68.0%) | 73,025 (67.7%) | 70,426 (67.7%) | 72,108 (68.7%) | 70,340 (68.7%) |
| Black | 22,645 (20.0%) | 22,237 (19.4%) | 22,394 (19.8%) | 20,565 (18.1%) | 20,849 (18.7%) | 20,558 (18.7%) | 20,370 (18.9%) | 19,341 (18.6%) | 18,288 (17.4%) | 17,235 (16.8%) |
| Asian | 4,136 (3.6%) | 4,284 (3.7%) | 4,294 (3.8%) | 4,316 (3.8%) | 4,468 (4.0%) | 4,395 (4.0%) | 4,304 (4.0%) | 4,260 (4.1%) | 4,050 (3.8%) | 3,989 (3.9%) |
| American Indian | 714 (0.6%) | 784 (0.7%) | 786 (0.7%) | 418 (0.4%) | 426 (0.4%) | 446 (0.4%) | 433 (0.4%) | 410 (0.4%) | 429 (0.4%) | 434 (0.4%) |
| Hispanic (of any race) | 7,318 (6.4%) | 7,352 (6.4%) | 7,431 (6.5%) | 7,485 (6.6%) | 7,339 (6.6%) | 7,139 (6.5%) | 7,117 (6.6%) | 6,985 (6.7%) | 7,075 (6.7%) | 7,127 (7.0%) |
| Total | 113,489 (100%) | 114,375 (100%) | 113,312 (100%) | 113,315 (100%) | 111,426 (100%) | 110,032 (100%) | 107,886 (100%) | 104,074 (100%) | 104,980 (100%) | 102,321 (100%) |
According to the American Immigration Council in 2019, an estimated 6.8% of Michiganders were immigrants, while 3.8% were native-born U.S. citizens with at least one immigrant parent. [31] Numbering approximately 678,255 according to the 2019 survey, the majority of Michigander immigrants came from Mexico (11.5%), India (11.3%), Iraq (7.5%), China (5.3%), and Canada (5.3%); the primary occupations of its immigrants were technology, agriculture, and healthcare. Among its immigrant cohort, there were 108,105 undocumented immigrants, making up 15.9% of the total immigrant population. [31]
| Language | Percentage of population |
|---|---|
| Spanish | 2.93% |
| Arabic | 1.04% |
| German | 0.44% |
| Chinese | 0.36% |
| French | 0.31% |
| Polish | 0.29% |
| Syriac languages | 0.25% |
| Italian | 0.21% |
| Albanian | 0.19% |
| Hindi | 0.16% |
| Tagalog | 0.16% |
| Vietnamese | 0.16% |
| Japanese | 0.16% |
| Korean | 0.16% |
In 2010, 91.11% (8,507,947) of Michigan residents age five and older spoke only English at home, while 2.93% (273,981) spoke Spanish, 1.04% (97,559) Arabic, 0.44% (41,189) German, 0.36% (33,648) Chinese (which includes Mandarin), 0.31% (28,891) French, 0.29% (27,019) Polish, and Syriac languages (such as Modern Aramaic and Northeastern Neo-Aramaic) was spoken as a main language by 0.25% (23,420) of the population over the age of five. In total, 8.89% (830,281) of Michigan's population age five and older spoke a mother language other than English. [32]
Religious self-identification, per Public Religion Research Institute's 2021 American Values Survey [33]
Historically, several Native American religions have been practiced in the present-day state of Michigan. Following British and French colonization of the region surrounding Michigan, Christianity became the dominant religion, with Roman Catholicism historically being the largest single Christian group for the state. Until the 19th century, the Roman Catholic Church was the only organized religious group in Michigan, reflecting the territory's French colonial roots. Detroit's St. Anne's parish, established in 1701 by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, is the second-oldest Roman Catholic parish in the United States. [34] On March 8, 1833, the Holy See formally established a diocese in the Michigan territory, which included all of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Dakotas east of the Mississippi River. When Michigan became a state in 1837, the boundary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Detroit was redrawn to coincide with that of the state; the other dioceses were later carved out from the Detroit Diocese but remain part of the Ecclesiastical Province of Detroit. [35]
According to the Association of Religion Data Archives in 2020, there were 1,492,732 adherents of Roman Catholicism. [36] Additionally, there's also a significant Independent Catholic presence centered in Metro Detroit. As of 2016, the most notable Independent Catholic jurisdiction is the Ecumenical Catholic Church of Christ established by Archbishop Karl Rodig; the see of this church operates in a former Roman Catholic parish church. [37] [38] [39]
With the introduction of Protestantism to the state, it began to form the largest collective Christian group. In 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported the largest Protestant denomination was the United Methodist Church with 228,521 adherents; [40] followed by the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod with 219,618, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 120,598 adherents. The Christian Reformed Church in North America had almost 100,000 members and more than 230 congregations in Michigan. [41] The Reformed Church in America had 76,000 members and 154 congregations in the state. [42] By the 2020 study, non- and inter-denominational Protestant churches formed the largest Protestant group in Michigan, numbering 508,904. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod grew to become the second-largest single Christian denomination, and United Methodists declined to being the third-largest. The Lutheran Protestant tradition was introduced by German and Scandinavian immigrants. Altogether, Baptists numbered 321,581 between the National Missionary Baptists, National Baptists, American Baptists, Southern Baptists, National Baptists of America, Progressive National Baptists, and Full Gospel Baptists; black Baptists formed the largest constituency. [36] In West Michigan, Dutch immigrants fled from the specter of religious persecution and famine in the Netherlands around 1850 and settled in and around what is now Holland, Michigan, establishing a "colony" on American soil that fervently held onto Calvinist doctrine that established a significant presence of Reformed churches. [43]
In the same 2010 survey, Jewish adherents in the state of Michigan were estimated at 44,382, and Muslims at 120,351. [44] The first Jewish synagogue in the state was Temple Beth El, founded by twelve German Jewish families in Detroit in 1850. [45] Islam was introduced by immigrants from the Near East during the 20th century. [46] Michigan is home to the largest mosque in North America, the Islamic Center of America in Dearborn. Battle Creek, Michigan, is also the birthplace of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, which was founded on May 21, 1863. [47] [48]
In 2014, Michigan had 97,642 homeless individuals on its streets. [49] In the VI-SPADT (Vulnerability Index and Service Prioritization Decision Assistance tool) initiated by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS) alongside the Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA) it was found that 2,462 individuals had 4,564 interactions with the police between June 2014 and April 2015. [49] The 2014 VI-SPADT found that minority populations were overrepresented. 52% of the homeless population were a part of a minority group, as well as people with disabilities of long duration such as chronic health conditions, mental health/cognitive conditions and substance abuse (65%). [49]
The criminalization of panhandling in Michigan has been the subject to much debate in public opinion and in the courts:
In 2011 and 2013, Grand Rapids was the center for this debate. In 2011, the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan (ACLU) filed a federal lawsuit challenging a law that makes begging a crime as a violation of free speech. [50] Prior to this, the ACLU discovered that police officers had been arresting, prosecuting and jailing individual people for requesting financial assistance on the streets. Between 2008 and 2011, there were approximately 400 arrests made by Grand Rapids under an old law that criminalizes the act of begging – 211 of these cases resulted in jail time. [50]
The ACLU focused on the cases of two men. James Speet was arrested for holding a sign reading "Need a Job. God Bless" and Ernest Sims, a veteran, was arrested for asking for spare change for a bus fare. [51] The debate was seated in the fact that other individuals and organizations were allowed to raise funds on the streets without being charged for a crime, yet these man were jailed for the same principle. [50]
The results of these cases were positive for the ACLU side – Judge Robert Jonker ruled in 2012 that the law is unconstitutional and in 2013 the U.S. Court of Appeals ruled that begging is protected speech under the First Amendment. [50] On the opposition side of this case and wider debate was the State Attorney General Bill Schuette who appealed the ruling that the state law violated the First Amendment. Schuette contended that the city and the state safety is at risk and there were concerns around pedestrian and vehicle traffic, protection of businesses and tourism, as well as fraud. [52]
The state and argued that it had an interest in preventing Fraud – Schuette contended that not all who beg are legitimately homeless or use the funds they raise to meet basic needs, the money goes to alcohol and other substances. The court agreed with Schuette that preventing fraud and duress are in the interest of the state, but directly prohibiting begging does not align with the prevention of fraud as they are not necessarily intertwined. [52]
This debate resurfaced again in 2016 with the two sides again being prevention of unwanted behaviours and preservation of constitutional rights. In Battle Creek, officials passed a pair of proposals that are aimed at limiting panhandling and loitering throughout the city. [53] City commissioners were split in the vote along with the general public. Under the new ordinances the following situations could lead to legal apprehension by the police – remaining idly within 25 feet of an intersection without a license; soliciting money from anyone near building entrances, restrooms, ATMS or in line; panhandling between sunset and sunrise on public property without an official license or permit; approaching another person in a way that would cause a reasonable person to feel terrorized, intimidated or harassed; forcing oneself upon another i.e. continuing to ask for money after being turned down. Any violations can be considered civil infractions and can result in fines. The bill, aimed at targeting 'aggressive' panhandling was passed in September 2016. [53]
There are a range of implications that come along with the criminalization of begging behaviours. Jessica Vail is the program manager of the Grand Rapids Area Collation to End Homelessness and contends that it is more cost efficient for people to not be homeless and it also keeps our criminal justice system from getting overloaded. [54] Don Mitchell conducted research in 1998 on the criminalization of behaviours associated with homelessness and begging and highlighted the negative effect this has on the cycle of homelessness and crime. [55]
Criminalizing behaviours that are necessary for the survival of homeless people such as begging, sleeping and sitting in public, loitering in parks and on streets and urinating and defecating in public leads them to be subjects of the criminal justice system. [55] ACLU legislative liaison Shelli Weisberg consolidates this notion of a cyclical disadvantage in 2016 – fining people who cannot afford to pay a fine for something they cannot avoid doing and then putting them in a system where they cannot afford to defend themselves or challenge these offences questions how just the criminalization of such acts is. [56]
Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest region of the United States. It borders Wisconsin to the southwest in the Upper Peninsula, and Indiana and Ohio to the south in the Lower Peninsula; it is also connected by Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie to Minnesota and Illinois, and the Canadian province of Ontario. With a population of nearly 10.12 million and an area of 96,716 sq mi (250,490 km2), Michigan is the 10th-largest state by population, the 11th-largest by area, and the largest by area east of the Mississippi River. Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit. Metro Detroit is among the nation's most populous and largest metropolitan economies. The name derives from a gallicized variant of the original Ojibwe word ᒥᓯᑲᒥ, meaning "large water" or "large lake".
The United States had an official estimated resident population of 335,893,238 on Jan 1, 2024, according to the Census Bureau. This figure includes the 50 states and Washington, D.C. but excludes the population of five unincorporated U.S. territories as well as several minor island possessions. The United States is the third most populous country in the world, and the most populous in the Americas and the Western Hemisphere. The Census Bureau showed a population increase of 0.4% for the twelve-month period ending in July 2022, below the world estimated annual rate of 1.03%, in 2021. The total fertility rate (TFR) is around 1.84 children per woman, as of 2024 which is below the replacement fertility rate of approximately 2.1. By several metrics, including racial and ethnic background, religious affiliation, and percentage of rural and urban divide, the state of Illinois is the most representative of the larger demography of the United States.
Religion in Canada encompasses a wide range of beliefs and customs that historically has been dominated by Christianity. The constitution of Canada refers to 'God', however Canada has no official church and the government is officially committed to religious pluralism. Freedom of religion in Canada is a constitutionally protected right, allowing individuals to assemble and worship without limitation or interference. Rates of religious adherence have steadily decreased since the 1960s. After having once been central and integral to Canadian culture and daily life, Canada has become a post-Christian state. Although the majority of Canadians consider religion to be unimportant in their daily lives, they still believe in God. The practice of religion is generally considered a private matter throughout society and the state.
Hmong Americans are Americans of Hmong ancestry. Many Hmong Americans immigrated to the United States as refugees in the late 1970s, with a second wave in the 1980s and 1990s. Over half of the Hmong population from Laos left the country, or attempted to leave, in 1975, at the culmination of the Laotian Civil War.
At the 2010 census, there were 1,526,006 people, 590,071 households, and 352,272 families residing in the consolidated city-county of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The population density was 4,337.3 people/km2. There were 661,958 housing units at an average density of 1,891.9 units/km2.
The demographics of Metro Vancouver indicate a multicultural and multiracial region. Metro Vancouver is a metropolitan area, with its major urban centre being Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The Vancouver census metropolitan area, as defined by Statistics Canada, encompasses roughly the same territory as the Metro Vancouver Regional District, a regional district in British Columbia. The regional district includes 23 local authorities. Figures provided here are for the Vancouver census metropolitan area and not for the City of Vancouver.
The demographics of Minnesota are tracked by the United States Census Bureau, with additional data gathered by the Minnesota State Demographic Center. According to the most recent estimates, Minnesota's population as of 2020 was approximately 5.7 million, making it the 22nd most populous state in the United States. The total fertility rate in Minnesota was roughly 1.87 in 2019, slightly below the replacement rate of 2.1.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2023, Texas was the second largest state in population after California, with a population of 30,503,301, an increase of more than 1.3 million people, or 4.7%, since the 29,145,505 of the 2020 census. Its apportioned population in 2020 was 29,183,290. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the state of Texas has experienced strong population growth. Texas has many major cities and metropolitan areas, along with many towns and rural areas. Much of the population is concentrated in the major cities of Dallas–Fort Worth, Austin, San Antonio, Houston, McAllen, and El Paso and their corresponding metropolitan areas. The first four aforementioned main urban centers are also referred to as the Texas Triangle megaregion.
South Dakota is the 46th-most populous U.S. state; in 2019, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated a population of about 884,659. The majority of South Dakotans are White, and the largest religion is Christianity. In 2010, 93.46% of the population spoke English as their primary language.
The demographics of Virginia are the various elements used to describe the population of the Commonwealth of Virginia and are studied by various government and non-government organizations. Virginia is the 12th-most populous state in the United States with over 8 million residents and is the 35th largest in area.
Massachusetts has an estimated population of 6.981 million as of 2022 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This represents a −0.7% decrease in population from the 2020 census, when the population was 7.029 million. Currently, Massachusetts is the sixteenth most populous U.S. state.
Louisiana is a South Central US state, with a 2020 US census resident population of 4,657,757, and apportioned population of 4,661,468. Much of the state's population is concentrated in southern Louisiana in the Greater New Orleans, Florida Parishes, and Acadiana regions, with the remainder in North and Central Louisiana's major metropolitan areas. The center of population of Louisiana is located in Pointe Coupee Parish, in the city of New Roads.
Arkansas is the 32nd largest U.S. state, with a population of 3,011,524 as of the 2020 United States census.
Georgia is a South Atlantic U.S. state with a population of 10,711,908 according to the 2020 United States census, or just over 3% of the U.S. population. The majority of the state's population is concentrated within Metro Atlanta, although other highly populated regions include: West Central and East Central Georgia; West, Central, and East Georgia; and Coastal Georgia; and their Athens, Columbus, Macon and Warner Robins, Augusta, Savannah, Hinesville, and Brunswick metropolitan statistical areas.
The U.S. state of South Carolina is located in the Southern United States. It is the 23rd largest state by population, with a population of 5,118,425 according to 2020 United States Census estimates.
The Detroit metropolitan area has one of the largest concentrations of people of Middle Eastern origin, including Arabs and Chaldo-Assyrians in the United States. As of 2007 about 300,000 people in Southeast Michigan traced their descent from the Middle East. Dearborn's sizeable Arab community consists largely of Lebanese people who immigrated for jobs in the auto industry in the 1920s, and of more recent Yemenis and Iraqis. In 2010 the four Metro Detroit counties had at least 200,000 people of Middle Eastern origin. Bobby Ghosh of TIME said that some estimates gave much larger numbers. From 1990 to 2000 the percentage of people speaking Arabic in the home increased by 106% in Wayne County, 99.5% in Macomb County, and 41% in Oakland County.
In 2004 58.5% of the people of Hispanic origin in the Wayne County-Macomb County-Oakland County tri-county area were Mexicans.
Metro Detroit has the following ethnic groups:
According to the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness, as of January 2017, there are an estimated 32,190 homeless individuals in Florida. Of this high number, 2,846 are family households, 2,019 are unaccompanied young adults, 2,817 are veterans, and an estimated 5,615 are individuals experiencing chronic homelessness. According to a January 2020 count, this figure was 27,487 on any given day, a decrease from previous years. According to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, as of December 2022, the estimate for homeless individuals has dropped to 25,959, about 5% of the total U.S. population. This is in spite of fears that moratorium's on evictions ending could lead to an increase in the homeless population.
Homelessness in the United States has differing rates of prevalence by state. The total number of homeless people in the United States fluctuates and constantly changes, hence a comprehensive figure encompassing the entire nation is not issued, since counts from independent shelter providers and statistics managed by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development vary greatly. Federal HUD counts hover annually at around 500,000 people. Point-in-time counts are also vague measures of homeless populations and are not a precise and definitive indicator for the total number of cases, which may differ in both directions up or down. The most recent figure for 2019, was 567,715 individuals nationally that experienced homelessness at a point in time during this period.
Southeastern Michigan has about 300,000 people who trace their roots to the Middle East.