| Demographics of Miami | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of the City of Miami in 2021 | |
| Population | 442,241 (2020) [1] 449,514 (2022 est.) [2] |
The demographics of the City of Miami are monitored by the U.S. Census Bureau. Its population of nearly 450,000 ranks 44th in the United States and 2nd in Florida.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 1,681 | — | |
| 1910 | 5,471 | 225.5% | |
| 1920 | 29,571 | 440.5% | |
| 1930 | 110,637 | 274.1% | |
| 1940 | 172,172 | 55.6% | |
| 1950 | 249,276 | 44.8% | |
| 1960 | 291,688 | 17.0% | |
| 1970 | 334,859 | 14.8% | |
| 1980 | 346,865 | 3.6% | |
| 1990 | 358,648 | 3.4% | |
| 2000 | 362,470 | 1.1% | |
| 2010 | 399,457 | 10.2% | |
| 2020 | 442,241 | 10.7% | |
| 2022 (est.) | 449,514 | 1.6% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census [3] 1900–1970 [4] 1980 [5] 1990 [6] 2000 [7] 2010 [8] 2020 [1] 2022 [2] | |||
Miami is the largest city in South Florida, the second-largest city in Florida, and is the anchor of the largest metropolitan area in Florida: the Miami metropolitan area, which has over 6 million residents. Despite the city being home to less than a fourteenth (1/14) of the population of the metro area, it is an outlier compared to its neighbors, being nearly twice the size of the next-largest city in the metro: Hialeah. The city also has approximately a sixth of the population of its own county, Miami-Dade, which is the state's largest.
The city witnessed rapid growth over the first half of the twentieth century, as its population grew from 1,681 at the time of the 1900 census to 249,276 at the time of the 1950 census. This made it Florida's largest city, a title it would retain until the Jacksonville Consolidation, when the city of Jacksonville absorbed most of Duval County, nearly tripling its population. Since then, Miami has retained its spot as Florida's second-largest city.
Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century, the city experienced a certain amount of stagnation in its population, with expansion slowing during the 1950s and 1960s before nearly halting in the next three decades as suburbanization occurred. The city grew by 34.3% in the 1950s and 1960s as its population reached 334,859 at the 1970 census. However, in the next three decades, it only grew 8.2%, and by the time of the 2000 census, the city's population stood at 362,470.
In the 2000s and 2010s, spurred by high-rise construction in Downtown Miami, Edgewater, and Brickell, Miami's population began to grow quickly once more. [9] An estimate by the American Community Survey found that the downtown population (from Brickell north to Midtown Miami) grew nearly 40% between 2010 and 2018. [10] From 2000 to 2010, the city's population grew by 10.2% and had reached 399,457 by 2010. In the early 2010s, the city's population crossed a milestone of 400,000 people, and by the time of the 2020 census, it had grown by a further 10.7%, up to a population of 442,241.
| Historical racial composition | 2020 [1] | 2010 [8] | 2000 [7] | 1990 [6] | 1980 [5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 70.2% | 70.0% | 65.8% | 62.5% | 55.9% |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 14.0% | 11.9% | 11.8% | 12.2% | 19.4% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 11.9% | 16.3% | 19.9% | 24.6% | 23.7% |
| Asian and Pacific Islander (non-Hispanic) | 1.3% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.5% | 1.0% |
| Native American (non-Hispanic) | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | |
| Some other race (non-Hispanic) | 0.6% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | |
| Two or more races (non-Hispanic) | 2.0% | 0.7% | 1.7% | N/A | N/A |
| Population | 442,241 | 399,457 | 362,470 | 358,548 | 346,865 |
| Racial composition before 1980 [11] | 1970 | 1960 | 1950 | 1940 | 1930 | 1920 | 1910 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (including Hispanic) | 76.6% | 77.4% | 83.7% | 78.5% | 77.3% | 68.5% | 58.7% |
| Black or African American (including Hispanic) | 22.7% | 22.4% | 16.2% | 21.4% | 22.7% | 31.3% | 41.3% |
| Asian (including Hispanic) | 0.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | < 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| Some other race (including Hispanic) | 0.4% | 0.1% | 0.1% | < 0.1% | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hispanic or Latino | 45.3% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Non-Hispanic White | 32.9% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Population | 334,859 | 291,688 | 249,276 | 172,172 | 110,637 | 29,571 | 5,471 |
In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic white, and 22.7% black. [12] Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, up until the 1960s. From 1970 to 2000, population growth in the city was stagnant, as Non-Hispanic White Miamians left and significant immigration from Latin America, particularly Cuba, made up the balance. [13] [14] The city's Hispanic majority solidified itself in this period of time, and in 1985, the city elected its first Cuban-born mayor, Xavier Suarez.
The Non-Hispanic Black population of the city of Miami peaked in 1990 at almost 90,000 (making up nearly a quarter of the population of the city). Since then, though, the city's Non-Hispanic Black population has experienced a precipitous and steady decline. At the time of the most recent census in 2020, it was found to be 52,447, only 11.7% of the population. Reasons for this include high costs in areas such as Liberty City and Little Haiti, compounded with gentrification. [15] [16]
The Non-Hispanic White population began to rebound in the twenty-first century, as the monolithically Hispanic areas in the Western and Central parts of Miami experienced population stagnation. This caused them to begin to be outweighed by migration into the Downtown region (not only from Latin America, but also from the rest of the United States). This caused the Non-Hispanic White population to rise from a nadir of 11.8% at the time of the 2000 census to 11.9% at the time of the 2010 census. After this, the Non-Hispanic White population grew significantly faster than the city as a whole did during the 2010s, and by the time of the 2020 census, Non-Hispanic Whites made up 14.0% of the population of the city and numbered 61,829, the highest number since the 1980s. The Non-Hispanic White population of Miami also surpassed the Non-Hispanic Black population of the city during the 2010s.
| Demographic characteristics | 2020 [17] [18] [19] | 2010 [20] [21] [22] | 2000 [23] [24] [25] | 1990 [6] | 1980 [5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Households | 212,146 | 183,994 | 148,388 | 130,252 | 134,046 |
| Persons per household | 2.08 | 2.17 | 2.44 | 2.69 | 2.59 |
| Sex Ratio | 97.8 | 99.2 | 98.9 | 93.5 | 88.0 |
| Ages 0–17 | 16.5% | 18.4% | 21.7% | 23.0% | 21.4% |
| Ages 18–64 | 69.0% | 65.6% | 61.3% | 60.4% | 61.6% |
| Ages 65 + | 14.5% | 16.0% | 17.0% | 16.6% | 17.0% |
| Median age | 39.7 | 38.8 | 37.7 | 35.9 | 38.2 |
| Population | 442,241 | 399,457 | 362,470 | 358,548 | 346,865 |
| Economic indicators | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017–21 American Community Survey | Miami | Miami-Dade County | Florida |
| Median income [26] | $31,472 | $32,513 | $34,367 |
| Median household income [27] | $47,860 | $57,815 | $61,777 |
| Poverty Rate [28] | 20.9% | 15.7% | 13.1% |
| High school diploma [29] | 79.2% | 82.5% | 89.0% |
| Bachelor's degree [29] | 33.1% | 31.7% | 31.5% |
| Advanced degree [29] | 13.2% | 11.9% | 11.7% |
| Language spoken at home [a] | 2015 [b] | 2010 [c] | 2000 [32] | 1990 [33] | 1980 [34] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | 23.0% | 22.6% | 24.7% | 26.7% | 36.0% |
| Spanish or Spanish Creole | 70.0% | 69.9% | 66.6% | 64.0% | 57.5% |
| French or Haitian Creole | 4.5% | 4.9% | 6.0% | 7.7% | 2.6% |
| Other Languages | 2.5% | 2.6% | 2.7% | 1.6% | 3.9% |
| Nativity | 2015 [d] | 2010 [e] | 2000 [39] [40] | 1990 [41] [33] | 1980 [34] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % population native-born | 42.0% | 41.9% | 40.5% | 40.3% | 46.3% |
| ... born in the United States | 39.3% | 39.3% | 37.9% | 37.3% | 43.4% |
| ... born in Puerto Rico or Island Areas | 1.8% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 2.2% | 2.9% |
| ... born to American parents abroad | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.6% | 0.7% | |
| % population foreign-born [f] | 58.0% | 58.1% | 59.5% | 59.7% | 53.7% |
| ... born in Cuba | 27.6% | 27.5% | 30.3% | 32.1% | 35.9% |
| ... born in Nicaragua | 5.4% | 5.7% | 7.2% | 7.3% | N/A [g] |
| ... born in Honduras | 5.0% | 5.4% | 4.5% | 1.9% | N/A [g] |
| ... born in Haiti | 2.8% | 3.2% | 3.9% | 5.0% | N/A [g] |
| ... born in Colombia | 2.8% | 2.4% | 1.9% | 1.2% | N/A [g] |
| ... born in the Dominican Republic | 1.7% | 1.9% | 2.0% | 1.2% | 0.6% |
| ... born in other countries | 12.7% | 12.0% | 9.7% | 11.0% | 17.2% |
In 2010, 34.4% of city residents were of Cuban origin, 15.8% had a Central American background (7.2% Nicaraguan, 5.8% Honduran, 1.2% Salvadoran, and 1.0% Guatemalan), 8.7% were of South American descent (3.2% Colombian, 1.4% Venezuelan, 1.2% Peruvian, 1.2% Argentine, 1.0% Chilean and 0.7% Ecuadorian), 4.0% had other Hispanic or Latino origins (0.5% Spaniard), 3.2% descended from Puerto Ricans, 2.4% were Dominican, and 1.5% had Mexican ancestry.
As of 2010 [update] , 5.6% of city residents were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American origin (4.4% Haitian, 0.4% Jamaican, 0.4% Bahamian, 0.1% British West Indian, and 0.1% Trinidadian and Tobagonian, 0.1% Other or Unspecified West Indian), [42] 3.0% were Black Hispanics, [43] and 0.4% were Subsaharan African origin. [44] [45]
As of 2010 [update] , those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 11.9% of Miami's population. Of the city's total population, 1.7% were German, 1.6% Italian, 1.4% Irish, 1.0% English, 0.8% French, 0.6% Russian, and 0.5% were Polish. [44] [45]
As of 2010 [update] , those of Asian ancestry accounted for 1.0% of Miami's population. Of the city's total population, 0.3% were Indian/Indo-Caribbean (1,206 people), 0.3% Chinese/Chinese Caribbean (1,804 people), 0.2% Filipino (647 people), 0.1% were other Asian (433 people), 0.1% Japanese (245 people), 0.1% Korean (213 people), and 0.0% were Vietnamese (125 people). [44]
In 2010, 1.9% of the population considered themselves to be of only American ancestry (regardless of race or ethnicity), [44] [45] while 0.5% were of Arab ancestry, as of 2010 [update] . [44]
According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, Christianity is the most-practiced religion in Miami (68%), with 39% professing attendance at a variety of churches that could be considered Protestant, and 27% professing Catholicism. [47] [48] Followed by Judaism (9%); Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, and a variety of other religions have smaller followings; atheism or no self-identifying organized religious affiliation was practiced by 21%.
There has been a Norwegian Seamen's church in Miami since the early 1980s. In November 2011, Crown Princess of Norway Mette-Marit opened a new building for the church. The church was built as a center for the 10,000 Scandinavians that live in Florida. Around 4,000 of them are Norwegian. The church is also an important place for the 150 Norwegians that work at Walt Disney World in Central Florida. [49]
According to the 2022 Point-In-Time Homeless Count, there were 3,440 homeless people in Miami-Dade County, [50] 970 of which were on the streets. In the city limits of Miami, there were 591 unsheltered homeless people on the streets, up from 555 in 2021. [51]
Boca Raton is a city in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The population was 97,422 in the 2020 census and it ranked as the 23rd-largest city in Florida in 2022. However, many people with a Boca Raton postal address live outside of municipal boundaries, such as in West Boca Raton. As a business center, the city also experiences significant daytime population increases. Boca Raton is 45 miles (72 km) north of Miami and is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which had a population of 6,138,333 at the 2020 United States Census.
Miami, officially the City of Miami, is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a population of 6.14 million, is the second-largest metropolitan area in the Southeast after Atlanta, and the ninth-largest in the United States. With a population of 442,241 as of the 2020 census, Miami is the second-most populous city in Florida after Jacksonville. Miami has the third-largest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises, 61 of which exceed 491 ft (150 m).
Broward County is a county in Florida, United States, located in the Miami metropolitan area. It is Florida's second-most populous county after Miami-Dade County and the 17th-most populous in the United States, with 1,944,375 residents as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and most populous city is Fort Lauderdale, which had a population of 182,760 as of 2020. The county is part of the South Florida region of the state.
Orange County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Florida. As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 1,429,908, making it the fifth-most populous county in Florida and the 28th-most populous county in the United States. Its county seat is Orlando, which, along with it being the county's largest city, is the core of the Orlando metropolitan area, which had a population of 2.67 million in 2020.
Palm Beach County is a county in the southeastern part of Florida, located in the Miami metropolitan area. It is Florida's third-most populous county after Miami-Dade County and Broward County and the 26th-most populous in the United States, with 1,492,191 residents as of the 2020 census. Its county seat and largest city is West Palm Beach, which had a population of 117,415 as of 2020. Named after one of its oldest settlements, Palm Beach, the county was established in 1909, after being split from Miami-Dade County. The county's modern-day boundaries were established in 1963.
Cooper City is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. The city is named for Morris Cooper, who founded the community in 1959. It's part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The city's population was 34,401 at the 2020 census.
Deerfield Beach is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States, just south of the Palm Beach County line. As of the 2020 census, the population was 86,859, making it the tenth-largest city in Broward County. Located 41 miles north of Miami, it is a key suburb of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to 6.14 million people in 2020.
Fort Lauderdale is a coastal city located in the U.S. state of Florida, 30 miles (48 km) north of Miami along the Atlantic Ocean. It is the county seat of and most populous city in Broward County with a population of 182,760 at the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Florida. After Miami and Hialeah, Fort Lauderdale is the third-most populous city in the Miami metropolitan area, which had a population of 6,166,488 in 2019.
Hollywood is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb in the Miami metropolitan area. The population of Hollywood was 153,067 as of 2020, making it the third-largest city in Broward County, the fifth-largest in the Miami metropolitan area, and the 12th-largest in Florida. The average temperature is between 69 and 83 °F.
Miramar is a city in southern Broward County, Florida, United States. It is a suburb of the Miami metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the population was 134,721, making it the fourth-largest city in Broward County, the sixth-largest city in the Miami metro area, and the 14th-largest city in Florida.
Pompano Beach is a city in Broward County, Florida, United States. It is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, just north of Fort Lauderdale and 36 miles north of Miami. The nearby Hillsboro Inlet forms part of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway. It is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area, which was home to 6.14 million people in 2020. As of the 2020 census, the population was 112,046, making it the sixth-largest city in Broward County, the ninth-largest city in the South Florida metropolitan area, and the 20th-largest city in Florida.
Coral Gables is a city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The city is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida and is located 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Downtown Miami. As of the 2020 U.S. census, it had a population of 49,248.
Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The municipality is located on natural and human-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from the mainland city of Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost 2.5 sq mi (6.5 km2) of Miami Beach, along with Downtown Miami and the PortMiami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. Miami Beach's population is 82,890 according to the 2020 census. It has been one of America's preeminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.
Surfside is a town in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. Surfside is a primarily residential beachside community, with several multistory condominium buildings adjacent to Surfside Beach on the Atlantic Ocean. The town is bordered on the south by the North Beach neighborhood of Miami Beach, on the north by Bal Harbour, on the west by Biscayne Bay, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. It also serves as part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. The population was 5,689 as of the 2020 census.
Palm Beach is an incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. Located on a barrier island in east-central Palm Beach County, the town is separated from West Palm Beach and Lake Worth Beach by the Intracoastal Waterway to its west and a small section of the Intracoastal Waterway and South Palm Beach to its south. It is part of the South Florida metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, Palm Beach had a year-round population of 9,245.
West Palm Beach is a city in and the county seat of Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. It is located immediately to the west of the adjacent Palm Beach, which is situated on a barrier island across the Lake Worth Lagoon.
The Miami metropolitan area is a coastal metropolitan area in southeastern Florida. It is the ninth-largest metropolitan statistical area (MSA) in the United States, the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States, and the largest metropolitan area in Florida. It is also known as South Florida, SoFlo, SoFla, the Gold Coast, Southeast Florida, the Tri-County Area, or Greater Miami, and officially as the Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area. With a population of 6.18 million, its population exceeds 31 of the nation's 50 states as of 2023. It comprises the three most populated counties in the state, Miami-Dade County, Broward County, and Palm Beach County, which rank as the first, second, and third-most populous counties in the state, respectively. Miami-Dade County, with 2,701,767 people in 2020, is the seventh-most populous county in the United States.
The Orlando metropolitan area is an inland metropolitan area in the central region of the U.S. state of Florida. Its principal cities are Orlando, Kissimmee, and Sanford. The U.S. Office of Management and Budget defines it as consisting of the counties of Lake, Orange, Osceola, and Seminole.
Florida is the third-most populous state in the United States. Its residents include people from a wide variety of ethnic, racial, national and religious backgrounds. The state has attracted immigrants, particularly from Latin America. Florida's majority ethnic group are European Americans, with approximately 65% of the population identifying as White. National ethnic communities in the state include Cubans, who migrated en masse following the revolution in the mid 20th century. They have been joined by other immigrants from Latin America, and Spanish is spoken by more than 20% of the state's population, with high usage especially in the Miami-Dade County area.
Miami-Dade County is a county located in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Florida. The county had a population of 2,701,767 as of the 2020 census, making it the most populous county in Florida and the seventh-most populous county in the United States. It is Florida's third largest county in terms of land area with 1,946 square miles (5,040 km2). The county seat is Miami, the core of the nation's ninth-largest and world's 65th-largest metropolitan area with a 2020 population of 6.138 million people, exceeding the population of 31 of the nation's 50 states as of 2022.