Greenhouse frog

Last updated

Greenhouse frog
Eleutherodactylus planirostris01.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Eleutherodactylidae
Genus: Eleutherodactylus
Species:
E. planirostris
Binomial name
Eleutherodactylus planirostris
(Cope, 1862)
Synonyms
  • Eleutherodactylus planirostris ssp. casparii (Schwartz, 1965)

The greenhouse frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris) is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae, native to Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Cayman Islands, and it has been introduced to other areas, such as Florida, Hawaii, Guam, Hong Kong and Shenzhen. [1] [2]

Contents

Description

The greenhouse frog is a very small species, ranging from 17 to 31 mm (0.67 to 1.22 in) in length. These frogs are usually drab or olive-brown in colour, and occur in two forms; one has two broad stripes running longitudinally down the back, and the other is mottled. The undersides of both are a paler colour than the back, and the eyes are red. [3]

Distribution and habitat

The greenhouse frog is native to Cuba and some other islands in the West Indies. It has been introduced to Hawaii and Florida, where it has become common. It has been sporadically found in southern Georgia, southern Alabama and eastern Louisiana. [4] It is an introduced species in Jamaica, Guam and Shenzhen, China. [5] It lives in moist leaf litter, often near human habitations, but is seldom seen because it is nocturnal. [3] It sometimes emerges on warm, rainy days in summer, and in Florida, it has been found hibernating in March under the flaking bark of a wild tamarind ( Lysiloma ) tree. [4]

Diet

The diet of the greenhouse frog consists of small invertebrates, such as ants, beetles, mites, spiders, and roaches. [4]

Reproduction

The greenhouse frog is unusual in that its eggs are not laid in water or in a frothy mass as is the case in some tree frogs. Instead, the eggs are enclosed in a thick membrane and laid singly in concealed, damp locations, such as beneath a log, buried in debris, or even under a flower pot. [4] Clutch sizes vary between three and 26 eggs in Florida.[ further explanation needed ] They pass through their tadpole stage while still in the egg, and emerge as fully developed juvenile frogs about 5 mm (0.20 in) long with a short tail that soon gets reabsorbed. In warm conditions, hatching may occur on the 13th day of development. The tadpoles have an "egg tooth" on the end of their snouts to help them to emerge from the egg case. Afterwards, this is no longer of use, so is shed. [3] The adult frog may provide some parental care by guarding the eggs, as frogs have been observed lurking in the vicinity of egg clumps. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cuban tree frog</span> Species of amphibian

The Cuban tree frog is a large species of tree frog that is native to Cuba, the Bahamas, and the Cayman Islands; but has become invasive in several other places around the Americas. Its wide diet and ability to thrive in urban areas has made it a highly invasive species with established colonies in places such as Florida, the Hawaiian island of Oahu, and the Caribbean Islands. These tree frogs can vary in size from 2 to 5.5 inches in length. Due to their large size, Cuban tree frogs can eat a wide variety of things, particularly native tree frogs, and their removal has shown to result in an increase in the amount of native tree frogs in an area. The tadpoles of Cuban tree frogs also heavily compete with native frog tadpoles, which can cause negative effects in body mass, size at metamorphosis, and growth rates for the native tadpoles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pig frog</span> Species of amphibian

The pig frog is a species of aquatic frog found in the Southeastern United States, from South Carolina to Texas. Some sources also refer to it as the lagoon frog or the southern bullfrog.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whistling coqui</span> Species of amphibian

The whistling coquí, Cochran's treefrog, or Cochran's robber frog is a species of frog native to Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and the British Virgin Islands. This nocturnal insectivore is also referred to as the coquí pitito in Puerto Rico. Their distinctive song is a single, rising whistle, which is repeated and followed by three clicking sounds.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern red-legged frog</span> Species of amphibian

The northern red-legged frog is a species of amphibian whose range is the coastal region stretching from southwest British Columbia to southern Mendocino County in Northern California, and is protected in Oregon and California. As a member of the genus Rana, this species is considered a true frog, with characteristic smooth skin and a narrow waist. This frog requires still waters for breeding, and is rarely found at any great distance from its breeding ponds or marshes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bird-voiced tree frog</span> Species of amphibian

The bird-voiced tree frog is a species of frog in the family Hylidae, endemic to the United States. Its natural habitats are temperate forests, shrub-dominated wetlands, and swamps.

<i>Agalychnis psilopygion</i> Species of frog

Agalychnis psilopygion is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is found in southern Colombia and north-western Ecuador. It has been observed between 100 and 500 meters above sea level.

<i>Agalychnis dacnicolor</i> Species of amphibian

Agalychnis dacnicolor, the Mexican leaf frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is endemic to Mexico.

Phasmahyla guttata, the spotted leaf frog, is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is endemic to Brazil. It lives in forests and near the edges of forests but not outside forests. It has been observed between 50 and 1200 meters above sea level.

Phasmahyla jandaia is a species of frog in the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. It is endemic to Brazil, where it has only been observed more than 1000 meters above sea level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knysna banana frog</span> Species of amphibian

The Knysna banana frog is a species of frog in the family Hyperoliidae. It is endemic to South Africa.

<i>Craugastor augusti</i> Species of amphibian

Craugastor augusti is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae found in Mexico and the southern United States. It is known by various common names but most commonly as the barking frog. The nominal species likely includes more than one species, sometimes described as subspecies such as the common barking frog, western barking frog, and eastern barking frog. The epithet augusti is in honor of renowned French zoologist Auguste Duméril.

Pristimantis altae, also known as mountain robber frog, is a species of rain frog in the family Strabomantidae with a bright coral-coloured groin. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Red-eyed coqui</span> Species of amphibian

The red-eyed coqui, churi, coqui churi, or coqui de las Antillas is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae that is found in Puerto Rico, the British and U.S. Virgin Islands, and introduced to Panama. Although there are many similar species that are endemic to these tropical locations, its unique physical, habitual, and behavioral characteristics distinguish it from other members of the genus Eleutherodactylus. This genus contains around 185 species that are located in the southern United States, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, with 16 different species endemic to Puerto Rico. The red-eyed coqui was not brought into Panama City from its native habitats until the late 1960s. There it became established in urban parks before it began to colonize outside the city in the 1980s. In Puerto Rico, the largest island inhabited by the red-eyed coqui, it is found up to 1,200 meters above sea level. It is often compared to the common coqui, Puerto Rico's unofficial territorial symbol, but upon a closer ecological look, the red-eyed coqui has many differences.

Eleutherodactylus barlagnei is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to Guadeloupe and known from the Basse-Terre Island. It is an aquatic frog that lives in both large and small streams. It prefers boulders in reasonably fast-moving waters. It usually occurs in rainforest but can also found in grassy savanna and in disturbed habitats where trees are present. Its altitudinal range is 0–1,400 m (0–4,593 ft) asl. The eggs are laid on vegetation and in rock crevices.

The locust coqui or coquí martillito is a species of frog in the family Eleutherodactylidae endemic to Puerto Rico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. E. locustus has suffered a population decline of more than 80% due to introduced predators and amphibian chytrid disease. Scientists believe amphibian chytrid disease may be exacerbated by climate change - warmer temperatures in dry, moist habitats, causing stress that may lead to greater susceptibility to the disease.

<i>Breviceps adspersus</i> Species of amphibian

Breviceps adspersus, also known as common rain frog, bushveld rain frog, and many other vernacular names, is a species of frog in the family Brevicipitidae. It is found in Southern Africa, in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Eswatini, and Mozambique.

<i>Micryletta steinegeri</i> Species of amphibian

Micryletta steinegeri is a species of frog in the family Microhylidae. It is endemic to central and southern Taiwan. In the past it has also been considered as a synonym of Micryletta inornata from continental Asia.

Du Toit's torrent frog, the Mt. Elgon torrent frog, or the Kenya rocky river frog is a species of frog in the family Petropedetidae endemic to Mount Elgon in Kenya; it has not been found on the Ugandan part of the mountain. It is one of many, often taxonomically unrelated, frogs referred to as torrent frogs.

<i>Polypedates braueri</i> Species of frog

Polypedates braueri is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Taiwan. It has also been introduced to Guam. It has been observed between 0 and 2200 meters above sea level.

References

  1. 1 2 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2021). "Eleutherodactylus planirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T56864A54370037. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T56864A54370037.en . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. Wostl, Elijah, Eric N. Smith, and Robert N. Reed. 2016. Origin and Identity of Fejervarya (Anura: Dicroglossidae) on Guam. Pacific Science 70(2):233-241. https://doi.org/10.2984/70.2.9
  3. 1 2 3 Badger, David (1995). Frog. Shrewsbury: Swan Hill Press. p. 112. ISBN   1853107409.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Eleutherodactylus planirostris". AmphibiaWeb. 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
  5. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2021). "Eleutherodactylus planirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2021: e.T56864A54370037. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T56864A54370037.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  6. Porter, G. (1967). The World of the Frog and the Toad. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. ISBN   0397005091.