The following is a list of compositions by Russian composer, Modest Mussorgsky.
Note: The publication date is the first known date of publication, regardless of edition or fidelity to the composer's original score.
Category | Title | Translation | Start | End | Text Basis | Status | Pub. | Publisher |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Opera | Han d'Island | Hans of Iceland | 1856 | 1856 | Hugo | Projected | — | — |
Opera | Эдип в Афинах | Oedipus in Athens | 1858 | 1861 | Ozerov | Unfinished | 1883 | |
Opera | Саламбо (or Ливиец) | Salammbô (or The Libyan) | 1863 | 1866-04-10 | Flaubert | Unfinished | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Opera | Женитьба | Marriage | 1868-06-11 | 1868-07-08 | Gogol | Unfinished | 1908 | Bessel |
Opera | Борис Годунов | Boris Godunov | 1868-10 | 1869-12-15 | Pushkin | Initial Version | 1928 | Muzsektor |
Opera | Бобыль | The Landless Peasant | 1870 | 1870 | Spielhagen | Projected | — | — |
Opera | Борис Годунов | Boris Godunov | 1871 | 1872-06-23 | Pushkin | Revision | 1874 | Bessel |
Opera-Ballet | Млада | Mlada | 1872 | 1872 | Krïlov | Unfinished | 1931 | Muzgiz |
Opera | Хованщина | Khovanshchina | 1872-06 | 1880 | Mussorgsky | Unfinished | 1883 | Bessel |
Opera | Сорочинская ярмарка | The Fair at Sorochyntsi | 1874 | 1880 | Gogol | Unfinished | 1916 | Bessel |
Opera | Пугачёвщина | Pugachovshchina | 1877 | 1877 | Pushkin | Projected | — | — |
Orchestra | Скерцо B-dur | Scherzo in B♭ major | 1858 | 1858 | — | Orchestration | 1883 | Bessel |
Orchestra | Alla marcia notturna | Alla marcia notturna (like a nocturnal march) | 1861 | 1861 | — | — | ||
Orchestra | Симфония D-dur | Symphony in D major | 1861 | 1862 | — | Lost | — | — |
Orchestra | Иванова ночь на лысой горе | Night on Bald Mountain | 1866 | 1867 | — | 1968 | ||
Orchestra | Intermezzo symphonique in modo classico | Symphonic Intermezzo in the Classic Style | 1867 | 1867 | — | Revision | 1883 | Bessel |
Orchestra | Подибрад чешский | Podebrad of Bohemia | 1867 | 1867 | — | Projected | — | — |
Orchestra | Взятие Карса | The Capture of Kars | 1880 | 1880 | — | 1883 | Bessel | |
Orchestra | Большая сюита на среднеазиатские темы | Grand Suite on Central Asian Themes (Transcaucasian Suite) | 1880 | 1880 | — | Projected | — | — |
Piano | Полька "Подпрапорщик" | Porte-enseigne (Polka) | 1852 | 1852 | — | 1852 | Bernard | |
Piano | Souvenir d'Enfance | Souvenir of Childhood | 1857 | 1857 | — | 1911 | Bessel | |
Piano | Соната Es-dur | Sonata in E♭ major | 1858 | 1858 | — | Lost | — | — |
Piano | Соната fis-moll | Sonata in F♯ minor | 1858 | 1858 | — | Lost | — | — |
Piano | Скерцо cis-moll | Scherzo in C♯ minor | 1858 | 1858 | — | Initial Version | 1911 | Bessel |
Piano | Скерцо cis-moll | Scherzo in C♯ minor | 1858 | 1858 | — | Revision | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Piano | Скерцо B-dur | Scherzo in B♭ major | 1858 | 1858 | — | |||
Piano Duet | Персидский хор из оперы "Руслан и Людмила" | Persian Chorus from the Opera Ruslan and Lyudmila | 1858 | 1858 | — | Arrangement (Glinka) | ||
Piano Duet | Souvenir d'une nuit d'été à Madrid | Souvenir of a Summer Night in Madrid | 1858 | 1858 | — | Arrangement (Glinka) | ||
Piano | Импровизация | Impromptu | 1859 | 1859 | — | Initial Version | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Piano | Импровизация апассионато (Воспоминание о Бельтове и Любе) | Passionate Impromptu (Recollection of Beltov and Lyuba) | 1859 | 1859 | — | Revision | 1911 | Bessel |
Piano | Ein Kinderscherz | Children's Games | 1860 | 1860 | — | 1873 | Bitner | |
Piano | Ein Kinderscherz (Детские игры-уголки) | Children's Games | 1859 | 1859 | — | 1934 | Muzgiz | |
Piano Duet | Увертюра на темы трех русских песен | Overture on the Themes of Three Russian Songs | 1860 | 1860 | — | Arrangement (Balakirev) | ||
Piano Duet | Король Лир, музыка к трагедии Шекспира | King Lear, music to Shakespeare's Tragedy | 1860 | 1860 | — | Arrangement (Balakirev) | ||
Piano | Квартет для двух скрипок, альта и виолончели, Op. 59, No. 3 | Andante, from String Quartet in C major, Op. 59, No. 3 | 1859 | 1859 | — | Arrangement (Beethoven) | ||
Piano Duet | Соната C-dur | Sonata in C major | 1860 | 1860 | — | Unfinished | ||
Piano | Preludium in modo classico | Prelude in the Classic Style | 1860 | 1860 | — | Lost | — | — |
Piano | Intermezzo in modo classico | Intermezzo in the Classic Style | 1860 | 1861 | — | Initial Version | 1873 | Bitner |
Piano | Intermezzo in modo classico | Intermezzo in the Classic Style | 1867 | 1867 | — | Revision | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Piano | Menuet monstre | Menuet monstre | 1861 | 1861 | — | Lost | — | — |
Piano Duet | Квартет для двух скрипок, альта и виолончели, Op. 130 | String Quartet in B♭ major, Op. 130 | 1862 | 1862 | — | Arrangement (Beethoven) | ||
Piano | Грузинская песня | Georgian Song | 1862 | 1862 | — | Arrangement (Balakirev) | 1862 | Stellovsky |
Piano Duet | Ромео и Джульетта | Romeo and Juliet | 1862 | 1862 | — | Arrangement (Berlioz) | ||
Piano | Из воспоминаний детства | From Memories of Childhood | 1865 | 1865 | — | 1934 | Muzgiz | |
Piano | Дума | Rêverie | 1865 | 1865 | — | 1911 | Bessel | |
Piano | La Capricieuse | La Capricieuse | 1865 | 1865 | — | 1939 | Muzgiz | |
Piano | Квартет для двух скрипок, альта и виолончели, Op. 59, No. 2 | Allegretto, from String Quartet in e minor, Op. 59, No. 2 | 1867 | 1867 | — | Arrangement (Beethoven) | ||
Piano | Квартет для двух скрипок, альта и виолончели, Op. 131 | Presto, from String Quartet in C♯ minor, Op. 131 | 1867 | 1867 | — | Arrangement (Beethoven) | ||
Piano | Квартет для двух скрипок, альта и виолончели, Op. 135 | Lento and Vivace, from String Quartet in F major, Op. 135 | 1867 | 1867 | — | Arrangement (Beethoven) | ||
Piano | Швея (скерцино) | The Seamstress (Scherzino) | 1871 | 1871 | — | 1872 | Bernard | |
Piano | Картинки с выставки | Pictures at an Exhibition | 1874-06-02 | 1874-06-22 | — | 1886 | Bessel | |
Piano | Буря на черном море | Storm on the Black Sea | 1879 | 1879 | — | Lost | — | — |
Piano | Близ южного берега Крыма (Байдарки) | Near the Southern Shore of the Crimea (Baydarki) | 1880 | 1880 | — | 1880 | Bernard | |
Piano | На южном берегу Крыма (Гурзуф у Аю-Дага) | On the Southern Shore of the Crimea (Gurzuf at Ayu-Dag) | 1880 | 1880 | — | 1880 | Bernard | |
Piano | Méditation (feuillet d'album) | Meditation (Album Leaf) | 1880 | 1880 | — | 1880 | Bernard | |
Piano | Une Larme | A Tear | 1880 | 1880 | — | 1880 | Bernard | |
Piano | Au Village (Quasi Fantasia) | In the Village (Quasi Fantasia) | 1880 | 1880 | — | 1882 | ||
Piano | Ярмарочная сцена из оперы "Сорочинская ярмарка" | Fair Scene from the opera Sorochyntsi Fair | 1880 | 1880 | — | Arrangement (Mussorgsky) | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Piano | Гопак веселых паробков из оперы "Сорочинская ярмарка" | Gopak of the Merry Lads from the opera Sorochyntsi Fair | 1880 | 1880 | — | Arrangement (Mussorgsky) | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Chorus | Марш Шамиля | Shamil's March | 1859 | 1859-10-11 | Projected | — | — | |
Chorus | Поражение Сеннахериба | The Destruction of Sennacherib | 1866 | 1867 | Byron | Initial Version | 1871 | Bitner |
Chorus | Поражение Сеннахериба | The Destruction of Sennacherib | 1874 | 1874 | Byron | Revision | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Chorus | Иисус Навин | Iisus Navin (Joshua) | 1874 | 1877-07-02 | The Bible | 1883 | Bessel | |
Chorus | Вокализы для трех женских голосов | Vocalises for three women's voices | 1880 | 1880 | — | |||
Chorus | Пять Русских народных песен | Five Russian Folksongs | 1880 | 1880 | Anonymous | Unfinished | ||
Song | Сельская песня | "Rustic Song" | 1857 | 1857-04-18 | Grekov | Initial Version | 1911 | Bessel |
Song | Где ты, звёздочка? | "Where Art Thou, Little Star?" | 1858-06-03 | 1858-06-04 | Grekov | Orchestration | ||
Song | Где ты, звёздочка? | "Where Art Thou, Little Star?" | 1863-66 | 1863-66 | Grekov | Revision | ||
Song | Meines Herzens Sehnsucht | "Thou Longing of My Heart" | 1858 | 1858-09-06 | Anonymous | 1907 | ||
Song | Отчего, скажи, душа-девица | "Tell Me Why, Fair Maiden" | 1858 | 1858-07-31 | Anonymous | 1867 | Iogansen | |
Song | Весёлый час | "The Joyous Hour" | 1858-59 | 1858-59 | Koltsov | Initial Version | ||
Song | Весёлый час | "The Joyous Hour" | 1863-66 | 1863-66 | Koltsov | Revision | 1923 | Bessel |
Song | Листья шумели уныло | "Leaves Rustled Sadly" | 1859 | 1859 | Pleshcheyev | 1911 | Bessel | |
Song | Что вам слова любви? | "What are Words of Love to You?" | 1860 | 1860 | Ammosov | 1923 | Bessel | |
Song | Много есть у меня теремов и садов | "Many Are My Palaces and Gardens" | 1863 | 1863 | Koltsov | 1923 | Bessel | |
Song | Песнь старца | "Old Man's Song" | 1863 | 1863-08-13 | Goethe | 1911 | Bessel | |
Song | Царь Саул | "Tsar Saul" | 1863 | 1863 | Byron | Initial Version | ||
Song | Царь Саул | "Tsar Saul" | 1863 | 1863 | Byron | Revision | 1871 | Bessel |
Song | Но если-бы с тобою я встретиться могла | "But If I Could Meet Thee" | 1863 | 1863-08-15 | Kurochkin | 1923 | Bessel | |
Song | Дуют ветры, ветры буйные | "The Winds Blow, the Wild Winds" | 1864 | 1864-03-28 | Koltsov | 1911 | Bessel | |
Song | Калистратушка | "Kalistratushka" | 1864 | 1864-05-22 | Nekrasov | Initial Version | ||
Song | Калистрат | "Kalistrat" | 1864 | 1864 | Nekrasov | Revision | ||
Song | Ночь | "Night" | 1864 | 1864-04-10 | Pushkin | Initial Version | ||
Song | Ночь | "Night" | 1868 | 1868 | Pushkin | Revision | 1871 | Bessel |
Song Duet | Ogni sabato (Canto Popolare Toscano) | "Every Saturday" (Tuscan Popular Song) | 1864 | 1864 | Arrangement (Gordigiani) | 1931 | ||
Song | Молитва | "A Prayer" | 1865 | 1865-02-02 | Lermontov | 1923 | Bessel | |
Song | Отверженная (Опыт речитатива) | "The Outcast [Woman]" (An essay in recitative) | 1865 | 1865-06-05 | Holz-Miller | 1923 | Bessel | |
Song | Колыбельная песня | "Cradle Song" | 1865 | 1865-09-05 | Ostrovsky | Initial version | ||
Song | Спи, усни, крестьянский сын | "Sleep, Go to Sleep, Peasant Son" | 1865 | 1865 | Ostrovsky | Revision | 1871 | Bessel |
Song | Малютка | "Little One" | 1866 | 1866-01-07 | Pleshcheyev | 1923 | Bessel | |
Song | Желание | "Desire" | 1866-04-15 | 1866-04-16 | Heine | 1911 | ||
Song | Из слёз моих | "From My Tears" | 1866 | 1866 | Heine | |||
Song | Светик Савишна | "Darling Savishna" | 1866 | 1866-09-02 | Mussorgsky | 1867 | Iogansen | |
Song | Ах, ты, пьяная тетеря | "Ah, You Drunken Sot" | 1866 | 1866 | Mussorgsky | 1926 | ||
Song | Семинарист | "The Seminarist" | 1866 | 1866 | Mussorgsky | 1870 | Benicke | |
Song | Гопак | "Gopak" | 1866 | 1866-08-31 | Shevchenko | Initial Version | ||
Song | Гопак | "Gopak" | 1868 | 1868 | Shevchenko | Revision | 1868 | Iogansen |
Song | Песнь Ярёмы | "Yaryoma's Song" | 1866 | 1866 | Shevchenko | Lost | — | — |
Song | На Днепре | "On the Dnieper" | 1879 | 1879-12-23 | Shevchenko | Revision | 1888 | |
Song | Еврейская песня | "Hebrew Song" | 1867 | 1867-06-12 | Mey | 1868 | Iogansen | |
Song | Стрекотунья-белобока | "Magpie Whitesides" | 1867 | 1867-08-26 | Pushkin | 1871 | Bessel | |
Song | По грибы | "Gathering Mushrooms" | 1867 | 1867-08 | Mey | 1868 | Iogansen | |
Song | Пирушка | "The Banquet" (or The Feast) | 1867 | 1867-09 | Koltsov | 1868 | Iogansen | |
Song | Озорник | "The Urchin" (or The Ragamuffin) | 1867 | 1867-12-19 | Mussorgsky | 1871 | Bessel | |
Song | Светская сказочка (Козёл) | "A Society Tale (The Goat)" | 1867 | 1867-12-23 | Mussorgsky | 1868 | Iogansen | |
Song | По над Доном сад цветёт | "A Garden by the Don Blooms" | 1867 | 1867-12-23 | Koltsov | 1883 | Bessel | |
Song | Классик | "The Classicist" | 1867 | 1867-12-30 | Mussorgsky | 1870 | Arngold | |
Song | Сиротка | "The Orphan" | 1868 | 1868-04-06 | Mussorgsky | 1871 | Bessel | |
Song | Колыбельная Ерёмушки | "Yeryomushka's Lullaby" | 1868 | 1868-03-16 | Nekrasov | 1871 | Bessel | |
Song | Детская песенка | "A Child's Song" | 1868 | 1868 | Mey | 1871 | Bessel | |
Song Cycle | Детская | The Nursery | 1868 | 1870 | Mussorgsky | 1872 | Bessel | |
Song | С няней | "With Nanny" | 1868 | 1868-04-26 | Mussorgsky | Part of a cycle | 1872 | Bessel |
Song | В углу | "In the Corner" | 1870 | 1870-09-30 | Mussorgsky | Part of a cycle | 1871 | Bessel |
Song | Жук | "The Beetle" | 1870 | 1870-10-18 | Mussorgsky | Part of a cycle | 1871 | Bessel |
Song | С куклой | "With the Doll" | 1870 | 1870-12-18 | Mussorgsky | Part of a cycle | 1871 | Bessel |
Song | На сон грядущий | "At Bedtime" | 1870 | 1870-12-18 | Mussorgsky | Part of a cycle | 1872 | Bessel |
Song Cycle | На даче | At the Dacha | 1872 | 1872 | Mussorgsky | Unfinished | 1882 | Bessel |
Song | Поехал на палочке | "Ride on a Stick-Horse" | 1872 | 1872-09-15 | Mussorgsky | Part of a cycle | 1882 | Bessel |
Song | Кот Матрос | "The Cat 'Sailor'" | 1872 | 1872-08-15 | Mussorgsky | Part of a cycle | 1882 | Bessel |
Song | Раёк | "The Gallery (The Peep-Show)" | 1870 | 1870-06-15 | Mussorgsky | 1871 | Bessel | |
Song | Вечерняя песенка | "Evening Song" | 1871 | 1871-03-15 | Pleshcheyev | 1912 | Bessel | |
Song Cycle | Без солнца | Sunless | 1874 | 1874-08-25 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | 1874 | Bessel | |
Song | В четырёх стенах | "Within Four Walls" | 1874 | 1874-05-07 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1874 | Bessel |
Song | Меня в толпе ты не узнала | "Thou Didst Not Know Me in the Crowd" | 1874 | 1874-05-19 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1874 | Bessel |
Song | Окончен праздный шумный день | "The Idle Noisy Day is Ended" | 1874 | 1874-05-20 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1874 | Bessel |
Song | Скучай | "Be Bored" | 1874 | 1874-06-02 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1874 | Bessel |
Song | Элегия | "Elegy" | 1874 | 1874-08-19 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1874 | Bessel |
Song | Над рекой | "On the River" | 1874 | 1874-08-25 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1874 | Bessel |
Song | Забытый | "Forgotten" | 1874 | 1874 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | 1874 | Bessel | |
Song | Надгробное письмо | "The Epitaph" | 1874 | 1874 | Mussorgsky | Unfinished | 1912 | Bessel |
Song | Крапивная Гора | "Nettle Mountain" | 1874 | 1874 | Mussorgsky | Unfinished | 1939 | Muzgiz |
Song Cycle | Песни и пляски смерти | Songs and Dances of Death | 1875 | 1877 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | 1882 | Bessel | |
Song | Колыбельная | "Lullaby" | 1875 | 1875-04-14 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1882 | Bessel |
Song | Серенада | "Serenade" | 1875 | 1875-05-11 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1882 | Bessel |
Song | Трепак | "Trepak" | 1875 | 1875-02-17 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1882 | Bessel |
Song | Полководец | "The Field-Marshal" | 1877 | 1877-06-05 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | Part of a cycle | 1882 | Bessel |
Song | Непонятная | "The Misunderstood One" | 1875 | 1875-12-21 | Mussorgsky | 1911 | Bessel | |
Song | Не божиим громом горе ударило | "Not Like Thunder from Heaven" | 1877 | 1877-03-05 | Tolstoy | 1882 | Bessel | |
Song | Горними тихо летела душа небесами | "Softly the Spirit Flew up to Heaven" | 1877 | 1877-03-09 | Tolstoy | 1882 | Bessel | |
Song | Ой, честь ли то молодцу лён прясти | "Is It an Honor for a Young Man to Weave Flax?" | 1877 | 1877-03-20 | Tolstoy | 1882 | Bessel | |
Song | Рассевается, расступается | "It Scatters and Breaks" | 1877 | 1877-03-21 | Tolstoy | 1882 | Bessel | |
Song | Видение | "The Vision" | 1877 | 1877-04-07 | Golenishchev-Kutuzov | 1882 | Bessel | |
Song | Спесь | "Pride" | 1877-05-15 | 1877-05-16 | Tolstoy | 1882 | Bessel | |
Song | Странник | "The Wanderer" | 1878 | 1878 | Rückert | 1883 | Bessel | |
Song | Песня Мефистофеля в погребке Ауэрбаха (Песня о блохе) | "Mephistopheles' Song in Auerbach's Cellar (Song of the Flea)" | 1879 | 1879 | Goethe | 1883 |
Title | Start | End | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Han of Iceland | 1856 | 1856 | Projected; to be based on the novel Han d'Islande (1823) by Victor Hugo |
Oedipus in Athens | 1858 | 1860 | Unfinished; based on the tragedy Oedipus in Athens (1804) by Vladislav Ozerov; only one number survives—'Scene in the Temple: Chorus of the People' |
Salammbô | 1863 | 1866 | Unfinished; based on the novel Salammbô (1862) by Gustave Flaubert |
Marriage | 1868 | 1868 | Unfinished; Act I only (4 scenes); piano-vocal score; based on the comedy Marriage (1842) by Nikolai Gogol; Rimsky-Korsakov edition published in 1908; composer's version published in 1933 |
Boris Godunov | 1868-10 | 1869-12-15 | Original version; based on the drama Boris Godunov (1825) by Alexander Pushkin |
Bobïl | 1870 | 1870 | Projected; to be based on the drama Hans und Grete (1868) by Friedrich Spielhagen; Marfa's Divination from Khovanshchina derives from sketches for this work |
Boris Godunov | 1871 | 1872 | Revised version; based on the drama Boris Godunov (1825) by Alexander Pushkin; minor revisions in 1873 |
Mlada | 1872 | 1872 | Unfinished; libretto by Viktor Krïlov; collaborative work with Cui, Minkus, Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin; |
Khovanshchina | 1872 | 1880 | Unfinished; libretto by Mussorgsky; based on historical accounts |
The Fair at Sorochyntsi | 1874 | 1880 | Unfinished; based on the short story Sorochyntsi Fair , from Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (1832) by Nikolai Gogol |
Pugachovshchina | 1877 | 1877 | Projected; possibly to be based on the novel The Captain's Daughter (1836) by Alexander Pushkin |
Title | Start | End | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Scherzo in B♭ major | 1858 | 1858 | Originally for piano |
Alla marcia notturna | 1861 | 1861 | |
Symphony in D major | 1861 | 1862 | Lost, unfinished: Andante, Scherzo, and Finale only |
Night on Bald Mountain | 1867 | 1867 | Tone poem; recast for orchestra and chorus as 'Glorification of Chornobog' for inclusion in the collaborative opera Mlada (1872), and again as 'Dream Vision of the Peasant Lad' in the opera Sorochyntsi Fair (1880) |
Intermezzo symphonique in modo classico | 1867 | 1867 | Originally for piano; trio added |
Podebrad of Bohemia | 1867 | 1867 | Projected; based on the life of George of Poděbrady |
The Capture of Kars (March) | 1880 | 1880 | Occasional piece commemorating the Siege of Kars (1855) |
Transcaucasian Suite | 1880 | 1880 | Projected; for orchestra, harps, and piano |
Title | Start | End | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Polka Flag-Bearer (Подпрапорщик or Porte-enseigne)” | 1852 | 1852 | |
Souvenir of Childhood | 1857 | 1857 | edition by V. Karatygin (1911) |
Sonata in E♭ major | 1858 | 1858 | lost; was unfinished: Scherzo and Finale only |
Sonata in F♯ minor | 1858 | 1858 | lost |
Scherzo in C♯ minor | 1858 | 1858 | edition by V. Karatygin (1911) |
Scherzo in B♭ major | 1858 | 1858 | orchestrated |
Souvenir of a Summer Night in Madrid | 1858 | 1858 | arrangement for piano 4-hands of the Fantasia on Spanish Themes (Souvenir d'une nuit d'été à Madrid, 1848) by Mikhail Glinka |
Passionate Impromptu (Recollection of Beltov and Lyuba) | 1859 | 1859 | inspired by the novel Who is to Blame? (1847) by Aleksandr Gertsen (Herzen) |
King Lear, Music to Shakespeare's Tragedy | 1859 | 1860 | arrangement for piano 4-hands of the overture and entr'actes to the incidental music King Lear by Mily Balakirev |
Andante, from String Quartet in C major | 1859 | 1859 | arrangement for piano solo of the 2nd movement of the String Quartet in C major, Op. 59, No. 3, by Ludwig van Beethoven |
Children's Game: Corners (уголки) | 1859 | 1859 | original |
Children's Game: Corners (уголки) | 1860 | 1860 | revised version |
Overture on the Themes of Three Russian Songs | 1860 | 1860 | arrangement for piano 4-hands of the Overture on the Themes of Three Russian Songs (1858) by Mili Balakirev |
Sonata (Allegro assai in C Major — Scherzo in C Minor) for Piano 4-Hands | 1860 | 1860 | unfinished; scherzo is based on the Scherzo in C♯ minor (1858) |
Prelude in the Classic Style | 1860 | 1860 | lost |
Intermezzo in the Classic Style | 1860 | 1861 | orchestrated in 1867 |
Menuet Monstre | 1861 | 1861 | lost |
Georgian Song | 1862 | 1862 | arrangement of the orchestral accompaniment to the song by Balakirev |
String Quartet in B♭ major | 1862 | 1862 | arrangement for two pianos, eight hands, of the String Quartet in B♭ major, Op. 130, by Ludwig van Beethoven; finale incomplete |
Romeo and Juliet | 1862 | 1862 | arrangement for piano 4-hands of two numbers from Roméo et Juliette by Hector Berlioz: • Бал у Капулетти (Ball at the Capulets) |
From Memories of Childhood | 1865 | 1865 | two numbers: • Няня и я (Nanny and I) |
Rêverie | 1865 | 1865 | on a theme by V. Loginov |
La Capricieuse | 1865 | 1865 | on a theme by L. Geyden (Heyden) |
Allegretto, from String Quartet in e minor | 1867 | 1867 | arrangement for piano solo of the 3rd movement of the String Quartet in e minor, Op. 59, No. 2, by Ludwig van Beethoven |
Presto, from String Quartet in C♯ minor | 1867 | 1867 | arrangement for piano solo of the 5th movement of the String Quartet in C♯ minor, Op. 131, by Beethoven |
Vivace and Lento, from String Quartet in F major | 1867 | 1867 | arrangement for piano solo of the 2nd and 3rd movements of the String Quartet in F major, Op. 135, by Beethoven |
Scherzino “La couturière (Швея, or The Seamstress)” | 1871 | 1871 | |
Pictures at an Exhibition (Картинки с выставки) | 1874 | 1874 | edition by Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov (1886) |
Storm on the Black Sea | 1879 | 1879 | lost |
On Crimea’s South Coast (На южном берегу Крыма) | 1880 | 1880 | inspired by a visit to Gurzuf at Ayu-Dag in Crimea |
Capriccio “Near Crimea’s South Coast (Близ южного берега Крыма)” | 1880 | 1880 | also known as the Baydarki Capriccio |
Méditation (Размышление) | 1880 | 1880 | |
Une larme (Слеза, or A Tear) | 1880 | 1880 | |
Quasi fantasia “Au village (В деревне)” | 1880 | 1880 | |
Fair Scene from the opera Sorochyntsi Fair | 1880 | 1880 | arrangement of the Fair Scene from The Fair at Sorochyntsi (1880) |
Gopak of the Merry Lads from the opera Sorochyntsi Fair | 1880 | 1880 | arrangement of the Gopak from The Fair at Sorochyntsi (1880) |
Title | Start | End | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Shamil's March | 1859 | 1859 | Projected; for tenor, baritone, chorus, and orchestra |
The Destruction of Sennacherib | 1866 | 1867 | Original version; for chorus and orchestra; based on The Destruction of Sennacherib from Hebrew Melodies (1815) |
The Destruction of Sennacherib | 1874 | 1874 | Revised version; for chorus and orchestra; based on The Destruction of Sennacherib from Hebrew Melodies (1815) |
Iisus Navin | 1874 | 1877-07-02 | Also known as Joshua; for alto, baritone, chorus, and piano; based on a biblical text; orchestral edition by Rimsky-Korsakov published in 1883 |
Three Vocalises | 1880 | 1880 | For three-part female voices: • Andante cantabile |
Five Russian Folksongs | 1880 | 1880 | For four-part male voices; No.4 with 2 solo tenors; No.5 incomplete: • Скажи, девица милая ("Tell Me, Dear Maiden") |
Title | Start | End | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
"Rustic Song" | 1857 | 1857-04-18 | Original version of the song Where Art Thou, Little Star? (1863–1866); based on a text by Nikolay Grekov; orchestrated on 1858-06-03 |
"Where Art Thou, Little Star?" | 1858-06-03 | 1858-06-04 | Orchestrated version of the song Rustic Song (1857); based on a text by Nikolay Grekov |
"Thou Longing of My Heart" | 1858 | 1858 | Based on a text by an anonymous author; German text; a wedding present for Malvina Bamberg, César Cui's bride; manuscript lost; published in 1907 |
"Tell Me Why, Fair Maiden" | 1858 | 1858-07-31 | Based on a text by an anonymous author |
"The Joyous Hour" | 1858 | 1859 | Original version, revised in 1859; based on a text by Aleksey Koltsov |
"Leaves Rustled Sadly" | 1859 | 1859 | Original version, revised in 1863-1866; based on a text by Aleksey Pleshcheyev |
"What Are Words of Love to You?" | 1860 | 1860 | Original version, revised in 1863-1866; based on a text by A. Ammosov |
"The Joyous Hour" | 1863 | 1866 | Revised version, originally composed in 1858-1859; based on a text by Aleksey Koltsov; published in Paris (1923) |
"Leaves Rustled Sadly" | 1863 | 1866 | Revised version, original composed in 1859; based on a text by Aleksey Pleshcheyev |
"What Are Words of Love to You?" | 1863 | 1866 | Revised version, original version composed in 1860; based on a text by A. Ammosov; published in Paris (1923) |
"Many Are My Palaces and Gardens" | 1863 | 1863 | Based on a text by Aleksey Koltsov |
"Old Man's Song" | 1863 | 1863 | Also known as The Harper's Song; based on An die Türen will ich schleichen from Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre (Bk.5, Ch.14) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |
"Tsar Saul" | 1863 | 1863 | Based on Warriors and Chiefs (Song of Saul before His Last Battle) from Hebrew Melodies (1815) by Byron, translated by Ivan Kozlov |
"But If I Could Meet Thee Again" | 1863 | 1863 | Based on a text by Vasily Kurochkin |
"Where Art Thou, Little Star?" | 1863-66 | 1863-66 | Revised version of the song Rustic Song (1858); based on a text by Nikolay Grekov |
"The Winds Blow, the Wild Winds" | 1864 | 1864 | Based on a text by Aleksey Koltsov; published in Paris (1909) |
"Night" | 1864 | 1864 | Original version, revised in 1868; based on a text by Aleksandr Pushkin; |
"Kalistratushka" | 1864 | 1864 | Original version of the song Kalistrat; based on a text by Nikolay Nekrasov |
"Kalistrat" | 1864 | 1864 | Revised version of the song Kalistratushka; based on a text by Nikolay Nekrasov; |
"Every Saturday (Tuscan Popular Song)" | 1864 | 1864 | Arrangement of the song Ogni sabato avresti il lume acceso (1853) by Luigi Gordigiani; for mezzo-soprano, baritone, and piano |
"A Prayer" | 1865 | 1865 | Based on a text by Mikhail Lermontov |
"The Outcast [Woman]" (An essay in recitative) | 1865 | 1865 | Based on a text by Holz-Miller |
"Cradle Song" | 1865 | 1865 | Original version of Sleep, Go to Sleep, Peasant Son; based on a text by Aleksandr Ostrovsky |
"Sleep, Go to Sleep, Peasant Son" | 1865 | 1865 | Revised version of Cradle Song; based on a text by Aleksandr Ostrovsky |
"Little One" | 1866 | 1866-01-07 | Based on a text by Aleksey Pleshcheyev |
"Desire" | 1866-04-15 | 1866-04-16 | Based on a text by Heinrich Heine, Ich wollt' meine Schmerzen ergössen |
"From My Tears" | 1866 | 1866 | Based on a text by Heinrich Heine, Aus meinen Tränen |
"Darling Savishna" | 1866 | 1866 | Text by Mussorgsky |
"Ah, You Drunken Sot" | 1866 | 1866 | Text by Mussorgsky |
"The Seminarist" | 1866 | 1866 | Text by Mussorgsky |
"Hopak" | 1866 | 1866 | Original version, revised in 1868; based on the epic poem Gaydamaki (1841) by Taras Shevchenko, translated by Lev Mey |
"Yaryoma's Song" | 1866 | 1866 | Lost; original version of On the Dnieper; based on the epic poem Gaydamaki (1841) by Taras Shevchenko, translated by Lev Mey |
"Hebrew Song" | 1867 | 1867 | Based on a text by Lev Mey |
"Magpie Whitesides" | 1867 | 1867 | Based on a text by Aleksandr Pushkin |
"Gathering Mushrooms" | 1867 | 1867 | Based on a text by Lev Mey |
"The Banquet" (or The Feast) | 1867 | 1867 | Based on a text by Aleksey Koltsov |
"The Urchin" (or The Ragamuffin) | 1867 | 1867 | Text by Mussorgsky |
"A Society Tale" (The Goat) | 1867 | 1867 | Text by Mussorgsky |
"A Garden by the Don Blooms" | 1867 | 1867-12-23 | Ballad; composed 23 December 1867 in Saint Petersburg; based on a text by Aleksey Koltsov; published in 1883 by Bessel |
"The Classicist" | 1867 | 1867-12-30 | Musical pamphlet ("In response to a remark by [Aleksandr] Famintsïn regarding the heresy of the Russian school"); composed 30 December 1867 in Saint Petersburg; text by Mussorgsky; published in 1870 by Arngold; dedicated to Nadezhda Opochinin |
"Night" | 1868 | 1868 | Revised version, original composed in 1864; based on a text by Aleksandr Pushkin; |
"Hopak" | 1868 | 1868 | Revised version, original composed in 1866; orchestrated; based on the epic poem Gaydamaki (1841) by Taras Shevchenko, translated by Lev Mey |
"The Orphan" | 1868 | 1868 | Text by Mussorgsky |
"Yeryomushka's Lullaby" | 1868 | 1868 | Based on a text by Nikolay Nekrasov |
"A Child's Song" | 1868 | 1868 | Based on a text by Lev Mey |
The Nursery | 1868 | 1872 | Text by Mussorgsky; cycle of 7 songs |
"With Nanny" | 1868 | 1868-04-26 | Text by Mussorgsky; part of The Nursery |
"In the Corner" | 1870 | 1870-09-30 | Text by Mussorgsky; part of The Nursery |
"The Beetle" | 1870 | 1870-10-18 | Text by Mussorgsky; part of The Nursery |
"With the Doll" | 1870 | 1870-12-18 | Text by Mussorgsky; part of The Nursery |
"Going to Sleep" | 1870 | 1870 | Text by Mussorgsky; part of The Nursery |
"The Peep-Show" | 1870 | 1870 | Text by Mussorgsky; satire |
"Evening Song" | 1871 | 1871 | Based on a text by Aleksey Pleshcheyev |
At the Dacha | 1872 | 1881 | Text by Mussorgsky; unfinished cycle of songs; the two songs completed were later included in The Nursery |
"Ride on a Stick-Horse" | 1872 | 1872-09-15 | Text by Mussorgsky; part of At the Dacha |
"The Cat 'Sailor'" | 1872 | 1872-08-15 | Text by Mussorgsky; part of At the Dacha |
Sunless | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; cycle of 6 songs |
"Within Four Walls" | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Sunless |
"Thou Didst Not Know Me in the Crowd" | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Sunless |
"The Idle Noisy Day is Ended" | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Sunless |
"Boredom" (or Ennui) | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Sunless |
"Elegy" | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Sunless |
"Over the River" | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Sunless |
"Forgotten" | 1874 | 1874 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; inspired by the painting Forgotten (1872) by Vasiliy Vereshchagin |
"Evil Death (The Epitaph)" | 1874 | 1874 | Text by Mussorgsky; unfinished |
"Nettle Mountain" | 1874-08-10 | 1874 | Text by Mussorgsky; unfinished; satire |
Songs and Dances of Death | 1875 | 1877 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; cycle of 4 songs |
"Lullaby" | 1875 | 1875 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuz |
"Trepak" | 1875 | 1875 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Songs and Dances of Death |
"The Misunderstood One" | 1875 | 1875-12-21 | Text by Mussorgsky |
"The Field-Marshal" | 1877 | 1877 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov; part of Songs and Dances of Death |
"Not Like Thunder From Heaven" | 1877 | 1877 | Based on a text by Aleksey Tolstoy |
"Softly the Spirit Flew up to Heaven" | 1877 | 1877 | Based on a text by Aleksey Tolstoy |
"Pride" | 1877 | 1877 | Based on a text by Aleksey Tolstoy |
"Is It an Honor for a Young Man to Weave Flax?" | 1877 | 1877 | Based on a text by Aleksey Tolstoy |
"It Scatters and Breaks" | 1877 | 1877 | Based on a text by Aleksey Tolstoy |
"The Vision" | 1877 | 1877 | Based on a text by Arseniy Golenishchev-Kutuzov |
"The Wanderer" | 1878 | 1878 | Based on Abendlied des Wanderers by Friedrich Rückert, translated by Aleksey Pleshcheyev |
"On the Dnieper" | 1879 | 1879 | Revised version of Yaryoma's Song; based on the epic poem Gaydamaki (1841) by Taras Shevchenko, translated by Lev Mey |
"Mephistopheles' Song in Auerbach's Cellar (Song of the Flea)" | 1879 | 1879 | Based on Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy (1808) by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, translated by Strugovshchikov |
Youthful Years: A Collection of Romances and Songs (Russian : Юные годы: сборник романсов и песен, romanized: Yunïуе godï: sbornik romansov i pesen) is a bound series of 18 manuscripts of songs by Mussorgsky, the existence of which was announced by Charles Malherbe in 1909.
Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi provides this list of works with opus numbers, compiled by the composer, prefaced by the following remarks (italics added): "The other catalogue which was sent to Stassof is dated 16 August 1878; but, as it mentions no work composed later than 1874, Andrei Rimsky-Korsakof suggests, rightly, that it must have been compiled some four years earlier. Its only value is that of a biographical curiosity."
Note: The columns 'category' and 'notes', as well as the column headings, have been added for the convenience of the reader. It will be noticed that Calvocoressi's date given in the preceding remarks (16 August 1878) does not match that given below.
Opus | Category | Works | Composer's remarks | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Op. 1 | Various | • Ein Kinderscherz (1859) • Scherzo in B♭ major for orchestra (1859) • Intermezzo (1861) • Scherzino (1872) | ||
Op. 2 | Choral | • The Destruction of Sennacherib (1867) • Joshua (1866) | "Choral" | "Jewish" choruses; Joshua (Iisus Navin), completed in 1877, is based on 'War Song of the Libyans' from Salammbô, composed in 1866 |
Op. 3 | Songs | • "Hopak" (1866) • "Gathering Mushrooms" (1867) • "Yeremushka's Lullaby" (1868) • "The Peasant's Lullaby" (1865) • "The Orphan" (1868) • "The He-Goat" (1867) | ||
Op. 4 | Songs | • "The Ragamuffin" (1868) • "The Seminarist" (1866) • "Savishna" (1866) | ||
Op. 5 | Songs | • "Night" (1864) • "King Saul" (1863) • "The Feast" (1867) • "Jewish Song" (1867) • "The Magpie" (1867) • "A Child's Song" (1868) | ||
Op. 6 | Song Album | The Nursery (1868-1869): • "With Nanny" • "In the Corner" • "The Cockchafer" • "Evening Prayer" • "With the Doll" | ||
Op. 7 | Opera | Marriage (1868) | "An act of Gogol's Marriage" | |
Op. 8 | Songs | • "The Classicist" (1867) • "The Peep-Show" (1869) | Satiric songs | |
Op. 9 | Opera | Boris Godunov (1868-1872) | ||
Op. 10 | Opera | Mlada (1873): • "Market Scene" • "March of the Princes and Priests" • "Glorification of Tchernobog" | "Scenes from the opera Mlada (not an opera of mine)" | The Mlada numbers were composed in 1872. |
Op. 11 | Piano | Pictures at an Exhibition (1874) | "In memory of Hartmann" | |
Op. 12 | Song Album | Sunless (1874) | "Album of six poems by Count Golenishchef-Kutuzof" | |
- | Opera | Salammbô (1864-1865) | "Studies for the opera Salammbô after Flaubert" | Composed in 1863-1866 |
- | Song | "I'm Riding to Yukka!" (1873) | Also known as 'The Hobby-Horse'; part of At the Dacha; later appended to The Nursery; composed in 1872 | |
- | Song | "The Old Believer's Song" (1874) | Marfa's song, 'A Maiden Wandered', from Act 3 of Khovanshchina | |
- | Song | "Forgotten" (1874) | "After Vereshchagin" | |
- | Song | "The Mound of Nettles" (1874) | Satiric song; unfinished | |
- | Opera | Khovanshchina (1874) | "Materials for the opera Khovanshchina (a national music drama)" |
Boris Godunov is an opera by Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881). The work was composed between 1868 and 1873 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is Mussorgsky's only completed opera and is considered his masterpiece. Its subjects are the Russian ruler Boris Godunov, who reigned as Tsar during the Time of Troubles, and his nemesis, the False Dmitriy. The Russian-language libretto was written by the composer, and is based on the 1825 drama Boris Godunov by Aleksandr Pushkin, and, in the Revised Version of 1872, on Nikolay Karamzin's History of the Russian State.
Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky was a Russian composer, one of the group known as "The Five." He was an innovator of Russian music in the Romantic period. He strove to achieve a uniquely Russian musical identity, often in deliberate defiance of the established conventions of Western music.
Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer, a member of the group of composers known as The Five. He was a master of orchestration. His best-known orchestral compositions—Capriccio Espagnol, the Russian Easter Festival Overture, and the symphonic suite Scheherazade—are staples of the classical music repertoire, along with suites and excerpts from some of his fifteen operas. Scheherazade is an example of his frequent use of fairy-tale and folk subjects.
The Five, also known as the Mighty Handful or The Mighty Five, were five prominent 19th-century Russian composers who worked together to create a distinct national style of classical music: Mily Balakirev, César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin. They lived in Saint Petersburg and collaborated from 1856 to 1870.
The Mussorgsky family, the name of an old Russian noble family, which is one of the branches of rich boyar family of Monastyryov, descendants of princes of Smolensk from Rurikid stock. The family traces its name to Roman Vasilyevich Monastyrev, nicknamed Mussorga. Peter Ivanovich Mussorgsky governed Staritsa in 1620. One representative of this family is the composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky.
César Antonovich Cui was a Russian composer and music critic, member of the Belyayev circle and The Five – a group of composers combined by the idea of creating a specifically Russian type of music. As an officer of the Imperial Russian Army, he rose to the rank of Engineer-General, taught fortifications in Russian military academies and wrote a number of monographs on the subject.
Pictures at an Exhibition is a piano suite in ten movements, plus a recurring and varied Promenade theme, written in 1874 by Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky. It is a musical depiction of a tour of an exhibition of works by architect and painter Viktor Hartmann put on at the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg, following his sudden death in the previous year. Each movement of the suite is based on an individual work, some of which are lost.
Night on Bald Mountain, also known as Night on the Bare Mountain, is a series of compositions by Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881). Inspired by Russian literary works and legend, Mussorgsky composed a "musical picture", St. John's Eve on Bald Mountain on the theme of a Witches' Sabbath occurring at Bald Mountain on St. John's Eve, which he completed on that very night, 23 June 1867. Together with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Sadko (1867), it is one of the first tone poems by a Russian composer.
The Fair at Sorochyntsi is a comic opera in three acts by Modest Mussorgsky, composed between 1874 and 1880 in St. Petersburg, Russia. The composer wrote the libretto, which is based on Nikolai Gogol's short story of the same name, from his early (1832) collection of Ukrainian stories Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka. The opera remained unfinished and unperformed at Mussorgsky's death in 1881. Today, the completion by Vissarion Shebalin has become the standard.
Mlada was a project conceived in 1870 by Stepan Gedeonov (1816–1878), director of the Saint Petersburg Imperial Theatres, originally envisioned as a ballet to be composed by Aleksandr Serov with choreography by Marius Petipa.
Michel-Dimitri Calvocoressi was a French-born music critic and musicologist of Greek descent who was a British citizen and resident in England from 1914 onwards. He is especially noted for his writings on Russian classical music, particularly on the life and works of Modest Mussorgsky, and his close association with the French musical establishment.
Songs and Dances of Death is a song cycle for voice and piano by Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky, written in the mid-1870s, to poems by Arseny Golenishchev-Kutuzov, a relative of the composer.
Salammbô [alternative title: The Libyan ] is an unfinished opera in four acts by Modest Mussorgsky. The fragmentary Russian language libretto was written by the composer, and is based on the novel Salammbô (1862) by Gustave Flaubert, but includes verses taken from poems by Vasiliy Zhukovsky, Apollon Maykov, Aleksandr Polezhayev, and other Russian poets.
The Nursery is a song cycle by Modest Mussorgsky set to his own lyrics, composed between 1868 and 1872. The cycle was published in two series. Only the first two songs survive of the second series.
Gerald Ernest Heal Abraham, was an English musicologist, editor and music critic. He was particularly respected as an authority on Russian music.
In mid- to late-19th-century Russia, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and a group of composers known as The Five had differing opinions as to whether Russian classical music should be composed following Western or native practices. Tchaikovsky wanted to write professional compositions of such quality that they would stand up to Western scrutiny and thus transcend national barriers, yet remain distinctively Russian in melody, rhythm and other compositional characteristics. The Five, made up of composers Mily Balakirev, Alexander Borodin, César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, sought to produce a specifically Russian kind of art music, rather than one that imitated older European music or relied on European-style conservatory training. While Tchaikovsky himself used folk songs in some of his works, for the most part he tried to follow Western practices of composition, especially in terms of tonality and tonal progression. Also, unlike Tchaikovsky, none of The Five were academically trained in composition; in fact, their leader, Balakirev, considered academicism a threat to musical imagination. Along with critic Vladimir Stasov, who supported The Five, Balakirev attacked relentlessly both the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from which Tchaikovsky had graduated, and its founder Anton Rubinstein, orally and in print.
Nadezhda Nikolayevna Rimskaya-Korsakova was a Russian pianist and composer as well as the wife of composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. She was also the mother of Russian musicologist Andrey Rimsky-Korsakov.
Sadko, Op. 5, is a Tableau musical, or Musical picture, by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, written in 1867 and revised in 1869 and 1892. It is sometimes called the first symphonic poem written in Russia. It was first performed in 1867 at a concert of the Russian Musical Society (RMS), conducted by Mily Balakirev. Rimsky-Korsakov later wrote an opera of the same name which quotes freely from the earlier work. From the tone poem the composer quoted its most memorable passages in the opera, including the opening theme of the swelling sea, and other themes as leitmotifs – he himself set out to "utilize for this opera the material of my symphonic poem, and, in any event, to make use of its motives as leading motives for the opera".
Ernest Fanelli was a French composer who is known for his works which have been considered as precursing Impressionism. He gained renown when his symphonic poem Thèbes premiered in Paris; this was a work incorporating elements associated with music ahead of its time, such as unique harmonies, extended chords, and polytonality.
Arthur Eaglefield Hull was an English music critic, writer, composer and organist. He was the founder of the British Music Society.
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