In 2016, following the EU Regulation 1143/2014 [1] on Invasive Alien Species (IAS), the European Commission published a first list of 37 IAS of Union concern. [2] The list was first updated in 2017 [3] and comprised 49 species. Since the second update in 2019, [4] 66 species are listed as IAS of EU concern. Since the third update in 2022, [5] 88 species are listed as IAS of EU concern, although the final inclusion of three of these species has been deferred to 2024, and one to 2027.[ citation needed ]
The species on the list are subject to restrictions on keeping, importing, selling, breeding and growing. Member States of the European Union must take measures to stop their spread, implement monitoring and preferably eradicate these species. Even countries in which they are already widespread are expected to manage the species to avoid further spread. [6]
Picture | Scientific name | English name | Taxonomic group | Entry into force [7] |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl. | Golden wreath wattle | Plantae | 2019 | |
Acridotheres tristis Linnaeus, 1766 | Common or Indian myna | Aves | 2019 | |
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle | Tree of heaven | Plantae | 2019 | |
Alopochen aegyptiaca Linnaeus, 1766 | Egyptian goose | Aves | 2017 | |
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. | Alligator weed | Plantae | 2017 | |
Ameiurus melas | Black bullhead | Pisces | 2022 | |
Andropogon virginicus L. | Broomsedge bluestem | Plantae | 2019 | |
Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Dendy, 1894) Jones & Gerard (1999) | New Zealand flatworm | Rhabditophora | 2019 | |
Asclepias syriaca L. | Milkweed | Plantae | 2017 | |
Axis axis | Chital | Mammalia | 2022 | |
Baccharis halimifolia L. | Eastern baccharis | Plantae | 2016 | |
Cabomba caroliniana Gray | Green cabomba | Plantae | 2016 | |
Callosciurus erythraeus Pallas, 1779 | Pallas's squirrel | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Callosciurus finlaysonii | Finlayson's squirrel | Mammalia | 2022 | |
Cardiospermum grandiflorum Sw. | Balloon vine | Plantae | 2019 | |
Celastrus orbiculatus | Oriental bittersweet | Plantae | 2027 (2022) | |
Channa argus | Northern snakehead | Pisces | 2022 | |
Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine ex Carrière) Stapf | Purple pampas grass | Plantae | 2019 | |
Corvus splendens Vieillot, 1817 | Indian house crow | Aves | 2016 | |
Ehrharta calycina Sm. | Perennial veldtgrass | Plantae | 2019 | |
Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms | Water hyacinth | Plantae | 2016 | |
Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) St. John | Nuttall's waterweed | Plantae | 2017 | |
Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1854 | Chinese mitten crab | Crustacea | 2016 | |
Faxonius rusticus | Rusty crayfish | Crustacea | 2022 | |
Fundulus heteroclitus | Mummichog | Pisces | 2024 (2022) | |
Gambusia affinis | Western mosquitofish | Pisces | 2022 | |
Gambusia holbrooki | Eastern mosquitofish | Pisces | 2022 | |
Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirbel | Chilean rhubarb | Plantae | 2017 | |
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D.Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC. | Spadeleaf plant | Plantae | 2019 | |
Hakea sericea | Needlebush | Plantae | 2022 | |
Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier | Giant hogweed | Plantae | 2017 | |
Heracleum persicum Fischer | Persian hogweed | Plantae | 2016 | |
Heracleum sosnowskyi Mandenova | Sosnowski's hogweed | Plantae | 2016 | |
Herpestes javanicus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 | Small Asian mongoose | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. | Japanese hop | Plantae | 2019 | |
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. | Floating pennywort | Plantae | 2016 | |
Impatiens glandulifera Royle | Himalayan balsam | Plantae | 2017 | |
Koenigia polystachya | Himalayan knotweed | Plantae | 2022 | |
Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss | Curly waterweed | Plantae | 2016 | |
Lampropeltis getula | Common kingsnake | Reptilia | 2022 | |
Lepomis gibbosus Linnaeus, 1758 | Pumpkinseed | Pisces | 2019 | |
Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don | Chinese bushclover, sericea | Plantae | 2019 | |
Limnoperna fortunei | Golden mussel | Mollusca | 2022 | |
Lithobates catesbeianus Shaw, 1802 | American bullfrog | Amphibia | 2016 | |
Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet | Water primrose | Plantae | 2016 | |
Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven | Floating primrose | Plantae | 2016 | |
Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. | Vine-like fern | Plantae | 2019 | |
Lysichiton americanus Hultén & H. St. John | American skunk cabbage | Plantae | 2016 | |
Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus | Japanese stiltgrass | Plantae | 2017 | |
Morone americana | White perch | Pisces | 2022 | |
Muntiacus reevesi Ogilby, 1839 | Muntjac deer | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Myocastor coypus Molina, 1782 | Coypu, Nutria | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. | Parrot's feather | Plantae | 2016 | |
Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michaux | Broadleaf watermilfoil | Plantae | 2017 | |
Nasua nasua Linnaeus, 1766 | South American coati | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834 | Raccoon dog | Mammalia | 2019 (2017) | |
Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766 | Muskrat | Mammalia | 2017 | |
Orconectes limosus Rafinesque, 1817 | Spiny-cheek crayfish | Crustacea | 2016 | |
Orconectes virilis Hagen, 1870 | Virile (northern) crayfish | Crustacea | 2016 | |
Oxyura jamaicensis Gmelin, 1789 | Ruddy duck | Aves | 2016 | |
Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, 1852 | Signal crayfish | Crustacea | 2016 | |
Parthenium hysterophorus L. | Whitetop weed | Plantae | 2016 | |
Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. | Crimson fountaingrass | Plantae | 2017 | |
Perccottus glenii Dybowski, 1877 | Amur sleeper | Pisces | 2016 | |
Persicaria perfoliata (L.) H. Gross | Asiatic tearthumb | Plantae | 2016 | |
Pistia stratiotes | Water lettuce | Plantae | 2024 (2022) | |
Plotosus lineatus (Thunberg, 1787) | Striped eel catfish | Pisces | 2019 | |
Procambarus clarkii Girard, 1852 | Red swamp crayfish | Crustacea | 2016 | |
Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017) | Marbled crayfish | Crustacea | 2016 | |
Procyon lotor Linnaeus, 1758 | Raccoon | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. | Mesquite | Plantae | 2019 | |
Pseudorasbora parva Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 | Topmouth gudgeon | Pisces | 2016 | |
Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) | Kudzu vine | Plantae | 2016 | |
Pycnonotus cafer | Red-vented bulbul | Aves | 2022 | |
Rugulopteryx okamurae | Plantae | 2022 | ||
Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitch. | Giant salvinia, kariba weed | Plantae | 2019 | |
Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin, 1788 | Grey squirrel | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Sciurus niger Linnaeus, 1758 | Bryant's fox squirrel | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Solenopsis geminata | Red imported fire ant | Insecta | 2022 | |
Solenopsis invicta | Tropical fire ant | Insecta | 2022 | |
Solenopsis richteri | Black imported fire ant | Insecta | 2022 | |
Tamias sibiricus Laxmann, 1769 | Siberian chipmunk | Mammalia | 2016 | |
Threskiornis aethiopicus Latham, 1790 | Sacred Ibis | Aves | 2016 | |
Trachemys scripta elegans Schoepff, 1792 | Red eared slider | Reptilia | 2016 | |
Triadica sebifera (L.) Small | Chinese tallowtree | Plantae | 2019 | |
Vespa velutina nigrithorax du Buysson, 1905 | Yellow-legged Asian hornet | Insecta | 2016 | |
Wasmannia auropunctata | Electric ant | Insecta | 2022 | |
Xenopus laevis | African clawed frog | Amphibia | 2024 (2022) |
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The signal crayfish is a North American species of crayfish. It was introduced to Europe in the 1960s to supplement the North European Astacus astacus fisheries, which were being damaged by crayfish plague, but the imports turned out to be a carrier of that disease. The signal crayfish is now considered an invasive species across Europe, Japan, and California, ousting native species there.
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Cenchrus setaceus, commonly known as crimson fountaingrass, is a C4 perennial bunch grass that is native to open, scrubby habitats in East Africa, tropical Africa, the Middle East and south-western Asia. It has been introduced to many parts of the world as an ornamental plant, and has become an invasive species in some of them. It is drought-tolerant, grows fast, reaches 3 feet in height, and has many purple, plumose flower spikes.
Reeves's muntjac, also known as the Chinese muntjac, is a species of muntjac found widely in south-eastern China and Taiwan. It has also been introduced in the United Kingdom, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Japan. It takes its name from John Reeves, a naturalist employed by the British East India Company in the 19th century.
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Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, known commonly as floating pennywort, or floating marshpennywort, is an aquatic plant in the family Apiaceae. It is native to North and South America.
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Faxonius limosus, synonym Orconectes limosus, is a species of crayfish in the family Cambaridae. It is native to the east coast of North America, from Quebec to the lower James River, Virginia, but has also been introduced to Europe. It is known commonly as the spinycheek crayfish or Kamberkrebs in German.
Cabomba caroliniana, commonly known as Carolina fanwort and various other names, is an aquatic perennial herbaceous plant native to North and South America. Having been a popular aquarium plant, it has been exported around the world, and has become an invasive species in Europe and Australia.
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Heracleum sosnowskyi, or Sosnowsky's hogweed, is a monocarpic perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. Its native range includes the central and eastern Caucasus regions of Eurasia and extends into the southern Caucasus region called Transcaucasia. The native ranges of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum, a close relative, overlap in the Caucasus region. Sosnowsky's hogweed is now a common weed in the Baltic States, Belarus, Great Britain, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine.
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Lygodium japonicum is a species of fern that is known by the common names vine-like fern and Japanese climbing fern. It is native to eastern Asia, including Taiwan, Japan, Korea, southeastern Asia, and India, and eastern Australia. The fern is present in the southeastern United States and Puerto Rico as an introduced species.
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