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Below is a list of leaders of present-day Turkmenistan since the establishment of Turkmen SSR in 1925.
| No. | Picture | Name (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Political party |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First Secretary | |||||
| 1 | | Ivan Mezhlauk (1891–1938) | 19 November 1924 | 1926 | CPT/CPSU |
| 2 | | Shaymardan Ibragimov (1899–1957) | June 1926 | 1927 | CPT/CPSU |
| 3 | | Nikolay Paskutsky (1894–1938) | 1927 | 1928 | CPT/CPSU |
| 4 | | Grigory Aronshtam (1893–1938) | 11 May 1928 | August 1930 | CPT/CPSU |
| 5 | | Yakov Popok (1894–1938) | August 1930 | 15 April 1937 | CPT/CPSU |
| 6 | | Anna Mukhamedov (1900–1938) | April 1937 | October 1937 | CPT/CPSU |
| 7 | | Yakov Chubin (1893–1956) | October 1937 | November 1939 | CPT/CPSU |
| 8 | | Mikhail Fonin (1905–1974) | November 1939 | March 1947 | CPT/CPSU |
| 9 | | Shadzha Batyrov (1908–1965) | March 1947 | July 1951 | CPT/CPSU |
| 10 | | Sukhan Babyev (1910–1995) | July 1951 | 14 December 1958 | CPT/CPSU |
| 11 | | Dzhuma Durdy Karayev (1910–1960) | 14 December 1958 | 4 May 1960 | CPT/CPSU |
| 12 | | Balysh Ovezov (1915–1975) | 13 June 1960 | 24 December 1969 | CPT/CPSU |
| 13 | Muhammetnazar Gapurow (1922–1999) | 24 December 1969 | 21 December 1985 | CPT/CPSU | |
| 14 | | Saparmurat Niyazov (1940–2006) | 21 December 1985 | 16 December 1991 | CPT/CPSU |
T Term extension referendum
† Died in office
| No. | Portrait | Name (born–died) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| 1 | | Saparmurat Niyazov (1940–2006) | 1990 | 2 November 1990 | 21 December 2006 [†] | 16 years, 49 days | CPT (until Dec. 1991) | |
| 1992 1994 [T] | DPT | |||||||
| — | | Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow (born 1957) | — | 21 December 2006 | 14 February 2007 | 55 days | DPT (until 2013) | |
| 2 | 2007 2012 | 14 February 2007 | 19 March 2022 | 15 years, 33 days | ||||
| 2017 | Independent | |||||||
| 3 | | Serdar Berdimuhamedow (born 1981) | 2022 | 19 March 2022 | Incumbent | 3 years, 115 days | DPT | |

On 21 January 2023, President Serdar Berdimuhamedow appointed his father, former President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, chairman of the People's Council of Turkmenistan with the title "National Leader" (Turkmen : Milli Lider). [1] [2] [3] [4]