List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: N–O

Main article: List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility

N

List of individuals' nicknames

• Napoleon I of France
  • Napoleone di Buonaparte
  • Nabolione di Buonaparte
  • Barras's Little Protege ^[1]
  • Boney, Little Boney ^[2]
  • Brigadier General Napoleone Buonaparte (by himself) ^[3]
  • Captain Cannon (by Carteaux) ^{[4] [5]}
  • Commander Cuckold ^[6]
  • Corporal Violet (Fr. Caporal la Violette) ^[7]
  • Europe's Scourge (by Queen Maria Carolina of The Two Sicilies) ^[8]
  • Father Violet ^[9]
  • Général Vendémiaire ^[10]
  • Jean d'Epee ^[9]
  • Jupiter Scapin ^[11]
  • Kaiser Klas ^[12]
  • le General Entrepreneur ^[9]
  • Nabulio (Little Meddler) (by his family) ^[2]
  • Napoglione Paille au Nez (Napoleon Straw-in-the-Nose) ^[13]
  • Puss 'n Boots (by wife Josephine) ^[3]
  • Robinson Crusoe (by the Prince de Ligne) ^[14]
  • Tiddy-Doll (by James Gillray) ^[15]
  • That God of Clay (by Byron) ^[16]
  • the Arch Scoundrel (by Queen Maria Carolina of The Two Sicilies) ^[8]
  • the Armed Soldier of Democracy ^[17]
  • the Baldy, the Little Baldy (Fr. le Petit Tondu)
  • the Arbiter of Europe ^[18]
  • the Barrack-room Alcibiades ^[19]
  • the Biblical Beast
  • the Citizen Emperor ^[20]
  • the Colossus of the Nineteenth Century
  • the Corsican ^[21]
  • the Corsican Bastard (by Queen Maria Carolina of The Two Sicilies) ^[8]
  • the Corsican Ogre ^[22]
  • the Corsican General
  • The Corsican Ogre ^[23]
  • the Devil (by Queen Maria Carolina of The Two Sicilies) ^[8]
  • the Disturber (It. Rabulioni) ^[24]
  • the Eagle
  • the Emperor of Elba
  • the Enlightened Despot
  • the First Grenadier of the Republic ^[25]
  • the Founder of Modern France ^[26]
  • the French Coxcomb ^[17]
  • the God Hanuman ^[9]
  • the God of War ^[3]
  • the Great ^{[27] [26]}
  • the Great Adventurer ^[28]
  • the Greenhorn ^[4]
  • the Heir of the Republic ^[29]
  • the Horse Thief of Berlin ^[30]
  • the King of Elba ^[31]
  • the King of Shreds and Patches ^[32]
  • the Last of the Enlightened Despots ^[33]
  • the Little Corporal (Fr. le Petit Caporal) (by his soldiers) ^[24]
  • the Little Corsican ^[34]
  • the Little Crophead ^[35]
  • the Little General ^[28]
  • the Little Gunner of Toulon
  • the Man of Destiny ^[9]
  • the Little Parvenu General
  • the Master of Europe
  • the Modern Alexander
  • the Modern Attila ^[3]
  • the Modern Hannibal ^[36]
  • the Prophet of the Modern State ^[33]
  • the New Sesostris ^[37]
  • the Nightmare of Europe ^[17]
  • the Ogre ^[38]
  • the Old Puss in Boots ^[39]
  • the Representative (of) Men
  • the Robespierre on Horseback ^[3]
  • the Straw-in-the-Nose (Fr. Paille au Nez) ^[40]
  • the Usurper ^[41]
  • the Wild Beast (by Queen Maria Carolina of The Two Sicilies) ^[8]
• Napoleon II of France
  • the Baby Eagle, the Eaglet ^[42]
• Napoleon III of France
  • Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte
  • Badinguet ^[43]
  • Boustrapa ^[25]
  • Carbonaro ^[44]
  • Comte d'Arenenberg
  • Conscience Tranquille ^[45]
  • Good Friend
  • Grosbec (Nosey)
  • Little Napoleon ^[46]
  • Nero ^[43]
  • Oui-Oui ^{[47] [48]}
  • Porphyro ^[49]
  • Rantipole, Ratipol ^[43]
  • St. Simon on Horseback ^[50]
  • Soulouque ^[48]
  • Tom Thumb ^[43]
  • Verhuel ^[48]
  • the Arbiter of Europe ^[51]
  • the Arch-monarch of the World ^[43]
  • the Baby Eagle
  • the Best Informed Man in Europe
  • the Eaglet ^[43]
  • the Little, the Small ^[48]
  • the Man of December (Fr. l'Homme de Decembre) ^[43]
  • the Man of Sedan, the Sedantaire ^[43]
  • the Man of Silence ^[48]
  • the Man of the Third Republic
  • the Shadow Emperor ^[52]
  • the Socialist on Horseback
• Prince Napoléon Bonaparte
  • Napoleon Joseph Charles Paul Bonaparte
  • Craint Plomb (Fear-Lead)
  • Nap ^[53]
  • Plon-Plon ^{[54] [55]}
  • the Nephew of the Uncle
  • the Prisoner of Ham ^[56]
  • the Saviour of Society ^[57]
  • the Socialist on Horseback
• Nero, Roman Emperor
  • the Olympic Champion
• Nero Claudius Drusus
  • the Elder
• Nerva, Roman Emperor
  • the Adoptive Emperor
• Nest verch Rhys, Princess of Deheubarth
  • Princess Nest of Wales
  • the Helen of Wales ^[58]
  • the Helen of Troy of Wales
  • the Most Beautiful Woman in England ^[59]
  • the Most Beautiful Woman in Wales ^[60]
  • the Seductress of the English ^[61]
  • the Welsh Helen of Troy ^[62]
• Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha
  • Nevşehirli (From Nevşehirli")
• Niall Noígíallach, High King of Ireland
  • the Great
  • Niall of the Nine Hostages (Noiggiallach) ^[63]
• Niall Glúndub, High King of Ireland
  • Black Knee (Glundubh) ^[64]
• Niall Frossach, High King of Ireland
  • of the Showers
• Nicephorus I, Byzantine Emperor
  • the Alarmed
  • the General
  • the Great Logothete
  • the Logothete
• Nicephorus II, Byzantine Emperor
  • Nikfour
  • the Artisan of Good Victories (Gr. Killinikos)
  • the Pale Death of the Saracens ^[65]
  • the White Death of the Saracens
• Nicephorus III, Byzantine Emperor
  • Botaniates
• Nicholas I of Montenegro
  • the Father-in-law of Europe ^[66]
  • the Only Sincere and Faithful Friend of Russia (by Alexander III of Russia) ^[67]
• Nicholas I of Russia
  • Nicholas Flogger ^[68]
  • Nick the Stick ^[68]
  • the Colonel ^[69]
  • the Don Quixote of Russian Absolutism ^[70]
  • the Gendarme of Europe ^{[71] [72]}
  • the Iron Czar ^[73]
  • the Iron Hand
  • the Iron Emperor
  • the Knout ^[73]
  • the Policeman of Europe
• Nicholas II of Russia
  • Bloody Nicholas
  • Darling Little Nicky (by Maud, Queen of Norway) ^[74]
  • Little Nicholas ^[75]
  • Mr. Toad (by Maud, Queen of Norway) ^[74]
  • Tzar-Cloth
  • the Martyr
  • the Pacific ^[76]
• Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia
  • Nixa ^[77]
  • Russia's Hope (by his teachers) ^[77]
  • a Brilliant Young Man (by his teachers) ^[77]
  • the Crown of Perfection (by uncle Grand Duke Constantine) ^[77]
• Grand Duke Nicholas Konstantinovich of Russia
  • the Black Sheep of the Romanov Family ^[78]
• Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929)
  • Big Nicholas (by Russians) ^[75]
  • Nikolasha (by Imperial family) ^[75]
  • the Dread Uncle
  • the Evil Genius of the Russian Monarchy (by Gen. Sukhomlinov) ^[75]
  • the Evil One ^[79]
  • the Terrible Uncle (by younger Romanovs) ^[75]
  • the Terror of the Army (by military circles) ^[75]
  • the Younger
• Nicholas I, Lord of Rostock
  • the Child
• Niccolò II d'Este, Marchese of Ferrara
  • the Cripple (It. lo Zoppo) ^[80]
  • the Lame
• Niccolò III d'Este, Marchese of Ferrara
  • the Cock of Ferrara ^[81]
  • the Famous Protector of Learning in Italy (by Bertoni) ^[82]
  • the Father of the Fatherland (Lat. Pater Patriae) ^[82]
• Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, 1st Duke of Dalmatia
  • le Roi Nicolas
  • Premier Manœuvrier de l'Europe
  • the Hand of Iron ^[83]
  • the Iron Marshal
  • the Duke of Damnation
• Nicolas Oudinot, Duke of Reggio
  • the Bayard of the French Army (Fr. le Bayard de l'Armee Francais) ^[84]
  • the Marshal With Thirty-Five Wounds
  • the Modern Bayard ^[85]
  • the Most Wounded Marshal ^[84]
• Nigel d'Aubigny (1066–1129)
  • Scutifer Conquestoris
• Nikola Zrinski
  • the Poet-Warlord
• Nikolaus Esterházy
  • the Lover of Splendor ^[86]
  • the Magnificent ^[87]
• Nino Visconti
  • the Brigand ^[88]
• Nuno Álvares Pereira, Constable of Portugal
  • Blessed Nuno Álvares Pereira ^[89]
  • the Constable-Saint
  • the Count-Saint
  • the Great Constable ^[90]
  • the Holy Constable ^[91]
  • the Portuguese Cid ^[92]

List of group nicknames

• Napoleon's Elites ^[93]
  • Horace François Bastien Sébastiani de La Porta
  • Louis Alexandre Berthier, Prince of Wagram
  • Michel Ney, Duke of Elchingen
  • Pierre Dupont de l'Étang
  • le Capitulard ^[94]
  • Francois Roguet
• Napoleon's Marshals
• Nobles in Dungeon
  • Maud de Braose, Lady of Bamber ^[95]
  • William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber ^[95]
• Nobles in Prison
  • Eleanor de Clare, 6th Lady of Glamorgan
  • Ferdinand of Portugal, Count of Flanders ^[96]
• the New Female Coterie ^[97]
  • Lady Henrietta Grosvenor
  • Lady Penelope Ligonier
  • Lady Margaret Adams, Lady Derby
  • Lady Anne Cork
  • Honourable Catherine Newton
• the Normans in the South: the Hauteville Brothers ^[98]

List of nicknamed persons associated with royals & nobles

• Nell Gwyn
  • Madam Gwyn
  • My Lord Buckhurst's Whore ^[99]
  • Old Madam Gwynne ^[99]
  • Pretty, Witty Nell (Samuel Pepys) ^[100]
  • Sweet Nell of Old Drury ^[101]
  • the Actress ^[102]
  • the Most Famous Restoration Actress of All Time (by Elizabeth Howe) ^[103]
  • the Most Famous Royal Mistress in British History ^[104]
  • the Protestant Whore (by herself) ^[105]
• Nellie Clifden (Edward VII mistress)
  • the Soiled Rose ^[106]

List of persons with the same/similar nicknames

• the Nero: Napoleon III of the French
• the Nero of Germany: Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
• the Nero of the North: Christian II of Denmark
• Nestor: Ulrich III of Mecklenburg
• the Nestor of Germany: Joachim I of Brandenburg
• the Nestor of the Army: Francois Christophe Kellermann, Duke of Valmy
• the New Caricature of Caesar: Pedro II of Brazil
• the New Sibyl of the North: Christina of Sweden
• the New Solomon: Robert I of Naples
• the Noble and Good: Alfonso VIII of Castile
• the Noble King: Al-Mansur ibn Abi Amir
• the Noble Knight: Eugene of Savoy
• the Noble Lady: Orielda of Tirel
• the Nose: Oliver Cromwell
• the Nose Almighty: Oliver Cromwell
• the Nosey: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington; Oliver Cromwell

O

List of individuals' nicknames

• Obizzo III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara
  • the Cock of Ferrara ^[107]
• Ocko I of East Frisia
  • the Elder
• Ocko II of East Frisia
  • the Younger
• Odet de Coligny
  • Cardinal de Châtillon
  • the Protestant Cardinal ^{[108] [109]}
• Odette de Champdivers
  • Odinette
  • the Little Queen (la Petite Reine) ^{[110] [111] [112]}
• Odo I, Count of Vermandois
  • the Mad
• Odo II of Blois
  • le Champenois ^[113]
• Odo, Count of Paris
  • Capet
• Odo of Aquitaine
  • the Great
• Odo the Good Marquis
  • the Good Marquis
• Olaf I of Denmark
  • Hunger, Hungry (le Famelique) ^[114]
  • Hungers (Starveling) ^[115]
• Olaf I of Norway
  • the Sleeper, the Sleeping Hero, the Sleeping King
• Olaf I of the Isle of Man
  • Morsel
  • the Dwarf
• Olaf II of the Isle of Man
  • the Black
• Olaf II Sihtricsson, King of York
  • Hairy Brogues
  • Sandals, Slipper (Cuaran) ^[63]
• Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf
  • Olaf II, King of Vestfold and Jutland
  • the Elf of Geirstad (Nor. Geristad-alf, Geirstada-Alf, Geirstadaalf)
• Olaf of Denmark
  • the Mild
• Olaf I Godredsson, King of the Isle of Man, 1097–1153
  • the Red
• Olav II of Norway
  • Olaf Haraldsson ^[116]
  • St. Olaf
  • the Patron Saint of Norway
  • the Big One
  • Digera
  • the Chapman
  • the Fat
  • the Saint
  • the Seaman
  • the Stout ^[117]
• Olav III of Norway
  • the Mild
  • the Pacific ^[118]
• Olav IV of Norway
  • Harefoot
• Olav V of Norway
  • the Norwegian of the Century ^[119]
  • the People's King ^[119]
• Oleg I, Prince of Ryazan, 1252–1258
  • Krasniy
  • the Fair
  • the Handsome
• Oleg II, Grand Prince of Ryazan, 1389–1402
  • the Great
• Oleg of Novgorod
  • the Knowing, the Seer, the Wise, Veshchy
  • the Prophetic
• Olga of Kiev
  • Preskasa
  • the Beauty
  • the Saint ^{[120] [121]}
• Olga de Meyer
  • Donna Maria Beatrice Olga Alberta Caracciolo
  • Olga Caracciolo, Baroness de Meyer
  • Mahrah de Meyer
  • the Woman Champion of Europe
• Olimpia Maidalchini, Princess of San Martino
  • the Popess
• Olympia Mancini, Countess of Soissons
  • Madame le Comtesse
  • the Precious Pearl (by Louis XIV)
• Olive Wilmot
  • Princess Olive of Cumberland
  • the Warwickshire Pop-Lolly ^[122]
• Oliver Cromwell
  • Crum-Hell
  • Ironsides
  • Nosey
  • Old Ironsides
  • Old Noll
  • Ruby Node
  • the Almighty Nose
  • the Archangel Who did Battle with the Devil
  • the Lord Protector of the Commonwealth
• Olivier de Clisson
  • Olivier V de Clisson
  • the Butcher ^[123]
  • the Elder
  • the One-eyed Man of Auray
• Oliver St John
  • the Dark Lanthorn of the Commonwealth ^[124]
• Olof of Sweden
  • Olof Eiríksson ^[125]
  • St. Olof of Sweden ^[125]
  • the First Christian King of Sweden ^[125]
  • the Lap King ^[126]
  • the Tax King ^{[127] [128]}
  • the Treasurer ('Skotkonung) ^[125]
  • the Tribute King ('Skotkonung) ^[129]
• Olof Trätälja
  • the Tree-Cutter
  • the Tree-Feller
  • the Tree-Hewer
  • the Tree-Shaver ^[130]
  • the Wood-Cutter
• Olof the Sharp-sighted
• Ordoño IV of León
  • the Bad ^[131]
  • the Hunchback (Sp. el Jorobado)
• Orhan I
  • the Fighter
  • the Hero of the Religion (Tur. Shucaeddin) ^[132]
  • the Leader (Tur. Hudavendigar) ^[132]
  • the Warrior of the Faith ^[133]
• Oscar II of Sweden
  • the Peace Monarch of Europe ^[134]
  • the Poet King ^[135]
• Oshin of Armenia
  • the Regent
• Osman I
  • Little Osman (Tur. Osmancik) ^[132]
  • the Black
  • the Dark (Tur. Kara) ^[132]
  • the Fighter
  • the Founder
  • the Holy Warrior
  • the Pride of the Religion ^{[133] [136] [137]}
  • the Warrior
• Osman II
  • Farisi
  • the Martyr ^[132]
  • the Young ^[138]
  • the Young Osman ^{[133] [139]}
• Osman III, Ottoman Sultan
  • the Devout
• Oswald of Northumbria
  • Oswald of the Bounteous Hand ^[140]
  • the Fair-Hand ^[141]
  • the Saint ^[142]
• Oswine of Deira
  • the Saint
• Oswiu of Bernicia
  • the Fair-Brow ( ^[141]
• Ottaviano degli Ubaldini
  • the Cardinal ^[143]
• Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
  • the Great ^[144]
  • the Lion ^[144]
  • the Pious
• Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor
  • the Bloody
  • the Red (Rufus)
• Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
  • the Infant
  • the Servant of Jesus Christ (by himself) ^[145]
  • the Servant of the Apostles (by himself) ^[145]
  • the Wonder of the Age
  • the Wonder of the World (Lat. Stupor Mundi) ^[146]
  • the World's Wonder ^[147]
• Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor
  • Otto of Brunswick
• Otto IV of Austria
  • the Bold
  • the Crowned with Roses (Rosenbekranzte)
  • the Gay
  • the Happy (der Fröhliche)
  • the Hardy ^[148]
  • the Jovial ^[149]
  • the Joyous ^[148]
  • the Merry ^[150]
  • the Man of the Rose Garland
  • the Well-Beloved
• Otto of Austria
  • the Wise
• Otto II Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria
  • the August
  • the Noble
• Otto IV, Duke of Bavaria
  • der Abbacher
• Otto V, Duke of Bavaria
  • the Bavarian
  • the Lazy
  • the Pimple
• Otto II of Brandenbur
  • the Extravagnat
  • the Generous (der Freigiebige)
  • the Spendthrift
• Otto III of Brandenburg
  • the Pious
• Otto IV of Brandenburg
  • Otto with the Arrow (Sagittarius) ^[151]
  • the Minnesinger ^[152]
• Otto V, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
  • the Tall ^[153]
• Otto VI, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
  • the Short
• Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen
  • the Bad (der Quade) ^[154]
  • the Evil
  • the Mad Dog ^[154]
  • the Mighty ^[154]
  • the Warlike ^[154]
• Otto I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • the Child ^[155]
• Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Göttingen
  • the Blind
  • the One-Eyed (Cocles, Monoculus) ^[156]
• Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg
  • the Famous
  • the Younger
• Otto II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous (der Großmütige)
  • the Severe, the Strict (der Strenge) ^[155]
  • the Victorious (der Siegreiche)
• Otto III of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • the Mild
• Otto IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
  • Crookleg
  • the Lame
• Otto I, Duke of Saxony
  • the Magnificent
  • the Proud
• Otto II, Count of Habsburg
• Otto II, Count of Guelders
  • Horsefoot
• Otto II, Margrave of Meissen
  • the Rich (der Reiche)
• Otto III, Duke of Swabia
  • Otto of Schweinfurt
  • the White
• Otto, Archduke of Austria
  • Bolla ^[157]
  • the Gorgeous Archduke ^[158]
  • Handsome Otto (by the people) ^{[159] [160]}
  • the Handsome
  • the Handsome Archduke ^[157]
• Otto of Bamberg
  • the Father of Monks
  • the Saint
• Otto, King of Bavaria
  • the Merry Otto (Otto der Fröhliche) ^{[161] [162]}
• Otto of Nordheim
  • Otto of Northeim
• Otto von Bismarck
  • the Founding Father
  • the Iron Chancellor
  • the Junker ^[163]
  • the Mad Squire (der Tolle Junker) ^[163]
  • the Man of Blood and Iron
• Otto-Henry, Duke of Burgundy
  • the Great
• Ottokar I of Bohemia
  • Otakar Premysl II
  • the Victorious
• Ottokar II of Bohemia
  • the Golden King ^{[164] [165]}
  • the Iron ^[164]
  • the Iron King (by contemporaries) ^{[145] [166]}
  • the Iron and Gold King ^{[167] [168]}
  • the King of Gold and Iron ^[169]
• Owain Glyndŵr, Prince of Wales
  • Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales
  • the Last Prince of Wales ^[170]
  • the Wallace of Wales ^[171]
• Owain Goch, Prince of Gwynedd
  • Yvain de Galles (Owen of Wales ^[172]
  • Owain of the Red Hand (Owain Lawgoch) ^[172]
  • the Red
• Owain Danwyn
  • the White Tooth
• Owain Foel (fl. 1018)
  • Owain the Bald
• Owen Tudor
  • the Founding Father of the Tudor Dynasty ^[173]

List of group nicknames

• OTMA ^{[174] [175]}
• Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia
• Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia
• Grand Duchess Maria
• Grand Duchess Anastasia

List of nicknamed persons associated with royals & nobles

• the Old Maid Among Novelists: Herbert George Wells

List of persons with the same/similar nicknames

• the Ogre: Napoleon I of France
• the Ogre of Abergavenny: William de Braose, 4th Lord of Bramber
• Old Fritz: Frederick II of Prussia
• Old Nobs: George III of Great Britain
• Old Noll: Oliver Cromwell
• Old Nosey: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
• Old Pan: Frederick I of Sweden
• Old Q: William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry
• Old Rowley: Charles II of England
• Old Sarah: Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough
• Old Talbot: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury
• Old Talley: Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
• the Old Black Count: Friedrich IX, Count of Hohenzollern
• the Old Bona Fide: Louis XIV of France
• the Old Chevalier: James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales
• the Old Coppernose: Henry VIII of England
• the Old Corporal: Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
• the Old Countess of Desmond: Katherine FitzGerald, Countess of Desmond
• the Old Dessauer: Leopold I of Anhalt-Dessau
• the Old Douro: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
• the Old Fox: Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov
• the Old Goat of Piccadilly: William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry
• the Old Glorious: William III of England
• the Old Hookey: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
• the Old Ironsides: Oliver Cromwell
• the Old Knight: Juan Ruiz de Molina
• the Old Lady: Victoria of the United Kingdom
• the Old Man: Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, Lord of Mendivil (d.1367)
• the Old Mastiff of Verucchio: Malatesta da Verucchio
• the Old Mr. Misfortune: James Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales
• the Old Pretender: James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales
• the Old Queen: Eleanor of Viseu, Queen of Portugal
• the Old Soldier of Waterloo: Jerome Bonaparte
• the Old Walker: Franz Joseph I of Austria
• the One-Eyed: Albert I of Austria; Antigonus I Monophthalmus; Bogdan III of Moldavia; Bohemund IV of Antioch; Ekbert in Amber & Derlinggau; Fortun of Pamplona; John II of Holstein-Kiel (1263–1316); John of Castile; Malatestino Malatesta of Rimini; Orsino Orsini; Pedro Lopez de Ayala; Raoul I of Vermandois; Renaut I of Bar; Tiernan O'Rourke; Vaclav I of Bohemia; William I of Meissen
• the One-Eyed Traitor: Malatestino Malatesta of Rimini
• One of the Greatest Ladies in the World: Margaret of York, Duchess of Burgundy
• One of the Greatest Persons In History: Boris I of Bulgaria
• One of the Handsomest Fellows in England: Robert Tracy (d.1756)
• One of the Most Remarkable Women of the 19th Century: Jane Digby, Lady Ellenborough
• Our Angel Queen: Marie of Edinburgh
• Our Comly Kyng: Edward III of England
• Our English Marcellus: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
• Our Henry: Henry IV of France
• Our Smiling Prince: Edward VIII of the United Kingdom
• Our Val: Princess Michael of Kent
• the One Who Blinks: Eric V of Denmark
• the One Who Fights Alone: Vladimir II of Kiev
• the One with the Sad Destinies: Isabella II of Spain
• the Only Really Glamorous Woman in the World: Lady Diana Cooper
• the Only Man Among My Opponents: Maria Theresa of Austria
• the Only Man in the House of Savoy: Margherita of Savoy
• the Only Man in Prussia: Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia
• the Only Man of the Habsburg Dynasty: Maria Theresa of Austria
• the Only Real Man in the Dutch Government in Exile: Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
• the Only Really Glamorous Woman in the World: Lady Diana Manners
• the Only True King of His Century: Ludwig II of Bavaria
• the Original Bluebeard: Gilles de Rais
• the Original Daphne Guinness: Virginia Oldoini, Contessa di Castiglione
• the Original Diva:Catherine II of Russia
• the Original People's Princess: Charlotte of Wales
• the Original Queen of Hearts: Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother
• the Orphan: Janos II Zsigmond Zapolya; Mikolaj VIII Radziwill
• the Orphan of the Temple: Marie-Therese of France, Duchess of Angoulême
• the Orpheus of Princes: Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany
• the Orpheus of Scotland: James I of Scotland
• the Other Boleyn: Mary Boleyn
• the Other Caroline: Caroline Lamb
• the Other Mrs. Simpson: Zsuzsi Starkloff
• the Other Prince William: Prince William of Gloucester
• the Other Stuart: Henry Benedict Stuart
• the Other Woman: Anne Boleyn, Queen of England

References

1. Stuart, Andrea (16 May 2011). Josephine: The Rose of Martinique. ISBN   978-1-4472-0473-2 . Retrieved 2021-12-04.
2. "Nicknames of Napoleon: Twenty-one Names". 23 March 2016. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
3. Englund, Steven (11 May 2010). Napoleon: A Political Life. ISBN   978-1-4391-3107-7 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
4. Asprey, Robert (6 August 2008). The Rise Of Napoleon Bonaparte. ISBN   978-0-7867-2539-7 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
5. Simonetta, Marcello; Arikha, Noga (7 June 2011). Napoleon and the Rebel: A Story of Brotherhood, Passion, and Power. ISBN   978-0-230-12052-5 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
6. Ley, David J. (16 December 2009). Insatiable Wives: Women Who Stray and the Men Who Love Them. ISBN   978-1-4422-0032-6 . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
7. Gracie, Carol (28 April 2020). Spring Wildflowers of the Northeast: A Natural History. ISBN   978-0-691-19953-5 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
8. Roesch, Gertrud M. (2007). Women Against Napoleon. ISBN   978-3-593-38414-6 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
9. Frey, Albert Romer (1887). "Sobriquets and Nicknames, Volume 1888" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
10. "'Captain Cannon'" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
11. "Jupiter Scapin" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
12. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1892). "Character Sketches of Romance, Fiction and the Drama, Volume 2" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
13. "Sobriquets and Nicknames". Ticknor And Company. 1888. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
14. "Memoirs, Letters, and Miscellaneous Papers, Volume 2". 1899. Retrieved 2021-12-05.
15. Frey, Albert Romer (1887). "Sobriquets and Nicknames, Volume 1888" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
16. Frey, Albert Romer (1887). "Sobriquets and Nicknames, Volume 1888" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
17. Frey, Albert Romer (1887). "Sobriquets and Nicknames, Volume 1888" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
18. Black, Professor Jeremy; Black, Jeremy (3 April 2013). From Louis XIV to Napoleon: The Fate of a Great Power. ISBN   978-1-135-35765-8 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
19. Turquan, Joseph. The Love Affairs of Napoleon. ISBN   978-1-176-79976-9 . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
20. Dwyer, Philip (26 November 2013). Citizen Emperor: Napoleon in Power. ISBN   978-0-300-19066-3 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
21. McLynn, Frank (31 December 2011). Napoleon. ISBN   978-1-4481-2958-4 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
22. McLynn, Frank (April 2011). Napoleon: A Biography. ISBN   978-1-61145-037-8 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
23. Rosenberg, Ruth (19 September 2014). Music, Travel, and Imperial Encounter in 19th-Century Franc. ISBN   978-1-317-67795-6 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
24. Asprey, Robert (6 August 2008). The Rise Of Napoleon Bonaparte. ISBN   978-0-7867-2539-7 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
25. Phyfe, William Henry Pinkney (1901). "5000 Facts and Fancies" . Retrieved 2021-11-12.
26. Roberts, Andrew (27 May 2016). Napoleon the Great. ISBN   978-0-241-29466-6 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
27. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1881). "The Political, Social, and Literary History of Germany" . Retrieved 2021-11-19.
28. "The English Illustrated Magazine". 1898. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
29. Frey, Albert Romer (1887). "Sobriquets and Nicknames" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
30. "The once and future Berlin" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
31. Gruyer, Paul (1906). Napoleon, King of Elba. ISBN   978-0-7222-1931-7 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
32. Turquan, Joseph. The Love Affairs of Napoleon. ISBN   978-1-176-79976-9 . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
33. Bergeron, Louis; Palmer, R. A. (21 October 1981). France Under Napoleon. ISBN   0-691-00789-6 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
34. "The Little Corsican Who Ruled the World". The Washington Post . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
35. Welch, R. W. (2000). Comet of Nostradamus: August 2004-impact!. ISBN   978-1-56718-816-5 . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
36. Heweston, W. B. (1816). "History of Napoleon Bonaparte, Volume 2" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
37. Frey, Albert Romer (1887). "Sobriquets and Nicknames, Volume 1888" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
38. Martin, Brian Joseph (2011). Napoleonic Friendship: Military Fraternity, Intimacy, and Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century France. ISBN   978-1-58465-944-0 . Retrieved 18 October 2021.
39. McLynn, Frank (31 December 2011). Napoleon. ISBN   978-1-4481-2958-4 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
40. "A Volume of Intimate Portraits, Sketches & Studies" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
41. "Napoleon the Great" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
42. "The Androom Archives". Xs4all.nl. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
43. Frey, Albert Romer (1887). "Sobriquets and Nicknames" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
44. Jerrold, Blanchard (1874). "The Life of Napoleon III, Volume 1" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
45. "The Oracle, Volume 4". 1881. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
46. Christmas, Henry (1855). "A Brief Memoir of the Life, Reign, and Policy of Napoleon III, Emperor of French" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
47. Stuart, Andrea (16 May 2011). Josephine: The Rose of Martinique. ISBN   978-1-4472-0473-2 . Retrieved 2021-12-04.
48. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1891). "The Historic Note-book" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
49. Frey, Albert Romer (1888). "Sobriquets and Nicknames" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
50. Collini, Stefan (25 March 1999). English Pasts : Essays in History and Culture. ISBN   978-0-19-158890-7 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
51. McMillan, James F. (6 June 2014). Napoleon III. ISBN   978-1-317-87044-9 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
52. Strauss-Schom, Alan (29 May 2018). The Shadow Emperor: A Biography of Napoleon III. ISBN   978-1-4668-6168-8 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
53. Brownstein, Rachel (May 2013). Tragic Muse: Rachel of the Comedie-Francaise. ISBN   978-0-307-83182-8 . Retrieved 2021-12-08.
54. Brownstein, Rachel (May 2013). Tragic Muse: Rachel of the Comedie-Francaise. ISBN   978-0-307-83182-8 . Retrieved 2021-12-08.
55. Lonn, Ella (2002). Foreigners in the Confederacy. ISBN   978-0-8078-5400-6 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
56. Saint-Amand, Imbert de (1898). "Napoleon III and His Court" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
57. Berdoe, Edward (31 July 2020). The Browning Cyclopædia. ISBN   978-3-7523-8314-0 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
58. Connolly, Sharon Bennett (15 September 2017). Heroines of the Medieval World. ISBN   978-1-4456-6265-7 . Retrieved 2021-11-09.
59. "The Garretts – Before America" (PDF). Retrieved 2021-10-08.
60. "The Pembroke Story: the Little Town with the Big History" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
61. Maund, Kari (April 2007). Princess Nest of Wales: Seductress of the English. ISBN   978-0-7524-8691-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-15.
62. Nevez, Catherine Le; Whitfield, Paul (16 August 2012). The Rough Guide to Wales. ISBN   978-1-4093-5902-9 . Retrieved 2021-11-22.
63. Cannon, John Ashton (2004). The Kings & Queens of Britain. ISBN   978-0-19-955922-0 . Retrieved 2021-11-26.
64. "Irish Kings" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
65. "Nicephorus Phocas". agiasofia.com. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
66. Treadway, John D. (1998). The Falcon and the Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908-1914. ISBN   978-1-55753-146-9 . Retrieved 2021-11-03.
67. Roberts, Elizabeth (2007). Realm of the Black Mountain: A History of Montenegro. ISBN   978-0-8014-4601-6 . Retrieved 2021-11-28.
68. Chapman, Tim (2001). Imperial Russia, 1801-1905. ISBN   978-0-415-23109-1 . Retrieved 2021-11-19.
69. McLean, Roderick R. (26 July 2007). Royalty and Diplomacy in Europe, 1890-1914. ISBN   978-0-521-03819-5 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
70. Rappoport, Angelo Solomon (1918). "Pioneers of the Russian Revolution" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
71. Chapman, Tim (2001). Imperial Russia, 1801-1905. ISBN   978-0-415-23110-7 . Retrieved 2021-10-05.
72. Gilbert, Martin (2002). The Routledge Atlas of Russian History. ISBN   978-0-415-28119-5 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
73. Bloomberg, Jon (2004). The Jewish World in the Modern Age. ISBN   978-0-88125-844-8 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
74. Gelardi, Julia P. (April 2007). Born to Rule: Five Reigning Consorts, Granddaughters of Queen Victoria. ISBN   978-1-4299-0455-1 . Retrieved 2021-11-01.
75. Robinson, Paul (15 August 2014). Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich: Supreme Commander of the Russian Army. ISBN   978-1-60909-163-7 . Retrieved 2021-11-21.
76. Massie, Robert K. (18 September 2012). Nicholas and Alexandra: The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty. ISBN   978-0-679-64561-0 . Retrieved 2021-11-20.
77. Gelardi, Julia P. (15 February 2011). From Splendor to Revolution: The Romanov Women, 1847--1928. ISBN   978-1-4299-9094-3 . Retrieved 2021-11-20.
78. Marshall, Alex (22 November 2006). The Russian General Staff and Asia, 1860-1917. ISBN   978-1-134-25378-4 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
79. Smith, Douglas (22 November 2016). Rasputin: Faith, Power, and the Twilight of the Romanovs. ISBN   978-0-374-71123-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-20.
80. "Castello Estense de Ferrara" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
81. Hollingsworth, Mary (2 May 2006). The Cardinal's Hat: Money, Ambition, and Everyday Life in the Court of a Borgia Prince. ISBN   978-1-4683-0385-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-15.
82. Lockwood, Lewis (4 May 2009). Music in Renaissance Ferrara 1400-1505. ISBN   978-0-19-970300-5 . Retrieved 2021-11-22.
83. "Adversaries". Wellington15.tripod.com. Retrieved 2021-10-08.
84. "Marshal Nicolas Charles Oudinot" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
85. Agnew, John Holmes; Bidwell, Walter Hilliard; Steele, Henry T. (1883). "Eclectic Magazine: Foreign Literature, Volume 38" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
86. "Esterházy.at". Schloss-esterhazy.at. 2010-02-18. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
87. Lewis, Paul (1985-10-13). "Hungary'S Versailles - NYtimes.Com". The New York Times . Hungary. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
88. "PISA history, Count Ugolino Della Gherardesca, Storia Dante - Localita Storia Eventi Cronaca Medio Evo News provincia Pisa Toscana". Pisaonline.it. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
89. Hickey, Penny (January 2002). Drink of the Stream: Prayers of the Carmelites. ISBN   978-1-68149-146-2 . Retrieved 2021-09-28.
90. (Firm), John Murray (1875). "A Handbook for Travellers in Portugal" . Retrieved 2021-11-10.
91. Sagres: A Strategic Revolution. 2002. ISBN   978-85-225-0388-9 . Retrieved 2021-11-10.
92. "The Oxford and Cambridge Review, Issues 11-14". 1910. Retrieved 2021-11-10.
93. Horricks, Raymond (January 1995). Napoleon's Elites. ISBN   978-1-4128-2928-1 . Retrieved 2021-12-04.
94. Horricks, Raymond (January 1995). Napoleon's Elites. ISBN   978-1-4128-2928-1 . Retrieved 2021-12-04.
95. Messer, Danna R. (30 September 2020). Joan, Lady of Wales: Power and Politics of King John's Daughter. ISBN   978-1-5267-2932-3 . Retrieved 2021-12-05.
96. Thiselton-Dyer, Thomas Firminger (1903). "Royalty in All Ages" . Retrieved 2021-12-09.
97. Rubenhold, Hallie (March 2011). Lady Worsley's Whim. ISBN   978-1-4464-4969-1 . Retrieved 2021-12-13.
98. Loud, Graham A.; Metcalfe, Alex (January 2002). The Society of Norman Italy. ISBN   90-04-12541-8 . Retrieved 2021-12-07.
99. Cunningham, Peter (1903). "The Story of Nell Gwyn" . Retrieved 2021-11-22.
100. Kent), Princess Michael (of (3 January 2006). Cupid and the King: Five Royal Paramours. ISBN   978-0-7432-7086-1 . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
101. Kent), Princess Michael (of (3 January 2006). Cupid and the King: Five Royal Paramours. ISBN   978-0-7432-7086-1 . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
102. Melville, Lewis (1923). "Nell Gwyn: The Story of Her Life" . Retrieved 2021-11-22.
103. Howe, Elizabeth (4 June 1992). The First English Actresses: Women and Drama, 1660-1700. ISBN   978-0-521-42210-9 . Retrieved 2021-11-07.
104. "Royal mistress Nell Gwyn's expenses would shame our MPs but she was worth every penny" . Retrieved 2021-11-22.
105. "King Charles II" . Retrieved 2021-10-08.
106. Pearson, John (December 2011). Blood Royal: The Story of the Spencers and the Royals. ISBN   978-1-4482-0777-0 . Retrieved 2021-11-22.
107. Mortimer, Anthony (29 October 2019). Italian Renaissance Tales. ISBN   978-0-19-251410-3 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
108. "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of Friday November 7, 1533". Fiu.edu. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
109. "Réunion des musées nationaux". Photo.rmn.fr. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
110. Lawler, Jennifer (16 January 2018). Encyclopedia of Women in the Middle Ages. ISBN   978-1-4766-0111-3 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
111. "The Court Magazine and Monthly Critic, and Lady's Magazine, Volume 18". 1841. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
112. Scott, Manda (18 June 2015). Into The Fire. ISBN   978-1-4481-6958-0 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
113. "Histoire des Comtes de Champagne". Vieuxtroyes.free.fr. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
114. Otté, Elise C. (1874). "Scandinavian History" . Retrieved 2021-10-19.
115. Klaniczay, Gábor (14 March 2002). Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses. ISBN   978-0-521-42018-1 . Retrieved 2021-12-11.
116. Sturluson, Snorri (5 July 2010). Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway. ISBN   978-0-292-78696-7 . Retrieved 2021-11-11.
117. Jones, Charles (July 2007). Forgotten Battle of 1066: Fulford: The Forgotten Battle of 1066. ISBN   978-0-7509-5674-1 . Retrieved 2021-11-07.
118. "Norwegian regents". Pvv.ntnu.no. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
119. Leiren, Terje; Sjåvik, Jan (8 October 2019). Historical Dictionary of Norway. ISBN   978-1-5381-2312-6 . Retrieved 2021-11-20.
120. "Russia - Rulers". Xenophon-mil.org. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
121. "A commemorative plaque with the depiction of Princess Olha, marking the millennium of Christianity in Ukraine". Encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
122. Sutherland, Graham (3 June 2013). Bloody British History: Warwick. ISBN   978-0-7524-9385-5 . Retrieved 2021-12-12.
123. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1889). "The Reader's Handbook of Allusions, References, Plots and Stories" . Retrieved 2021-10-20.
124. Plant, David. "Oliver St John c.1598-1673". British-civil-wars.co.uk. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
125. "Olof Skötkonung (the Treasurer)" . Retrieved 2021-12-12.
126. Wood, Ian (July 1990). Church and Chronicle in the Middle Ages. ISBN   978-0-8264-6938-0 . Retrieved 2021-10-25.
127. Bagge, Sverre (9 February 2016). Cross and Scepter. ISBN   978-0-691-16908-8 . Retrieved 2021-12-12.
128. Hjardar, Kim; Vike, Vegard (22 November 2016). Vikings at War. ISBN   978-1-61200-454-9 . Retrieved 2021-10-25.
129. Crichton, Andrew (1878). "Scandinavia, Ancient and Modern: Being a History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, Volume 1" . Retrieved 2021-10-14.
130. Sturluson, Snorri (1905). "The Stories of the Kings of Norway Called the Round World" . Retrieved 2021-11-11.
131. Collins, Roger (7 May 2012). Caliphs and Kings: Spain, 796-1031. ISBN   978-0-631-18184-2 . Retrieved 2021-10-22.
132. "Osmanli 700" . Retrieved 2021-11-08.
133. "Ottoman Web Site - Miscellaneous - FORSNET". Osmanli700.gen.tr. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
134. Swensson, Carl Aaron (1898). "Again in Sweden: Sketches and Reminiscences" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
135. "Search-light, Volumes 25-26". 1905. Retrieved 2021-10-18.
136. "Ottoman Empire History Encyclopedia - Letter O | Learn Ottoman Turkish History | Pictures | Sound files | Voice recordings". Practicalturkish.com. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
137. "Osman Gazi". All About Turkey. 2006-11-20. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
138. The Sultans of the Ottoman Empire. 11 March 2020. ISBN   978-605-5112-15-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-08.
139. "The Ottoman Web Site - FORSNET". Osmanli700.gen.tr. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
140. Cunningham, George Godfrey (1834). "Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen, Vol 1" . Retrieved 2021-12-05.
141. Hughes, David (2007). The British Chronicles, Vol 1. ISBN   978-0-7884-4490-6 . Retrieved 2021-11-23.
142. Cunningham, George Godfrey (1834). "Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen, Vol. 1" . Retrieved 2021-11-23.
143. "The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri - IndexSTUVWXZ". Tonykline.co.uk. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
144. Brewer, Ebenezer Cobham (1881). "The Political, Social, and Literary History of Germany" . Retrieved 2021-11-19.
145. Lees, Beatrice Adelaide (1910). "The Central Period of the Middle Age, 918-1273" . Retrieved 2021-11-27.
146. "Sobriquets and Nicknames". Ticknor And Company. 1888. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
147. Peake, Elizabeth (1874). History of the German Emperors and Their Contemporaries. J.B. Lippincott & Company. pp.  1–.
148. Woodward, Bernard Bolingbroke; Cates, William Leist Readwin (1872). "Encyclopaedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical" . Retrieved 2021-10-29.
149. Coxe, William (1882). "History of the House of Austria ..., Volume 1" . Retrieved 2021-10-27.
150. Rawson, Andrew (10 December 2015). A Clash of Thrones. ISBN   978-0-7509-6678-8 . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
151. Taylor, Ronald (January 1997). Berlin and Its Culture: A Historical Portrait. ISBN   0-300-07200-7 . Retrieved 2021-12-11.
152. "A History of German Literature". 1993. Retrieved 2021-12-11.
153. Coxe, William (1882). "History of the House of Austria, Volume 1" . Retrieved 2021-10-27.
154. Higgins, Sophia Elizabeth (1885). "Women of Europe in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, Volume 2" . Retrieved 2021-10-18.
155. Morby, John (18 September 201). Dynasties of the World. ISBN   978-0-19-251848-4 . Retrieved 2021-10-24.
156. Collins, Arthur (1812). "Collins's Peerage of England, Vol 1" . Retrieved 2021-12-11.
157. "Otto, the 'handsome archduke'" . Retrieved 2021-11-14.
158. Russell, Gareth (15 August 2014). The Emperors: How Europe's Rulers Were Destroyed by the First World War. ISBN   978-1-4456-3439-5 . Retrieved 2021-12-11.
159. Russell, Gareth (15 August 2014). The Emperors. ISBN   978-1-4456-3439-5 . Retrieved 2021-12-11.
160. King, Greg; Woolmans, Sue (3 September 2013). The Assassination of the Archduke: Sarajevo 1914 and the Romance That. ISBN   978-1-250-03867-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-14.
161. Tibballs, Geoff (27 March 2014). Royalty's Strangest Characters. ISBN   978-1-84994-180-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-29.
162. Tschudi, Clara (17 April 2015). Ludwig II King of Bavaria. ISBN   978-1-329-07373-9 . Retrieved 2021-11-29.
163. Busch, Moritz (1884). "Our Chancellor, Volumes 1-2" . Retrieved 2021-12-11.
164. Rawson, Andrew (10 December 2015). A Clash of Thrones. ISBN   978-0-7509-6678-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-27.
165. Scales, Len (26 April 2012). The Shaping of German Identity: Authority and Crisis, 1245-1414. ISBN   978-0-521-57333-7 . Retrieved 2021-11-27.
166. Dvornik, Francis (1962). The Slavs in European History and Civilization. ISBN   978-0-8135-0799-6 . Retrieved 2021-11-17.
167. Agnew, Hugh (September 2013). The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. ISBN   978-0-8179-4493-3 . Retrieved 2021-11-17.
168. Pavlac, Brian A.; Lott, Elizabeth S. (June 2019). The Holy Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. ISBN   978-1-4408-4856-8 . Retrieved 2021-11-17.
169. Agnew, Hugh (September 2013). The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown. ISBN   978-0-8179-4493-3 . Retrieved 2021-11-27.
170. Breverton, Terry (15 May 2009). Owain Glyndwr: The Story of the Last Prince of Wales. ISBN   978-1-4456-0876-1 . Retrieved 2021-11-23.
171. Cunningham, George Godfrey (1834). "Lives of Eminent and Illustrious Englishmen, Vol 1" . Retrieved 2021-11-23.
172. Breverton, Terry (15 August 2014). Jasper Tudor: Dynasty Maker. ISBN   978-1-4456-3402-9 . Retrieved 2021-11-23.
173. Breverton, Terry (15 July 2017). Owen Tudor: Founding Father of the Tudor Dynasty. ISBN   978-1-4456-5419-5 . Retrieved 2021-11-12.
174. Montefiore, Simon Sebag (3 May 2016). The Romanovs: 1613-1918. ISBN   978-1-101-94697-8 . Retrieved 2021-12-03.
175. Gelardi, Julia P. (15 February 2011). From Splendor to Revolution: The Romanov Women, 1847--1928. ISBN   978-1-4299-9094-3 . Retrieved 2021-11-20.