List of orthopedic implants

Last updated

Orthopedic implant example seen with X-ray Cdm hip implant 348.jpg
Orthopedic implant example seen with X-ray

An orthopedic implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing joint or bone, or to support a damaged bone. [1] The medical implant is mainly fabricated using stainless steel and titanium alloys for strength and the plastic coating that is done on it acts as an artificial cartilage. [2] The biodegradable metals in this category are magnesium-based [3] and iron-based alloys, though recently zinc has also been investigated. [4] Currently, the uses of bioresorbable metals are as fracture fixation implants [5] [6] [7] [8] Internal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants to repair a bone. [9] [10] During the surgery of broken bones through internal fixation the bone fragments are first reduced into their normal alignment then they are held together with the help of internal fixators such as plates, screws, nails, pins, and wires. [11] [12]

Contents

Eponymous implants and their uses

Branded Systems

Waldemar Link DePuy Synthes Vast Ortho Stryker Smith & Nephew Biomet Orthofix Zimmer
Elective Total Hip Replacement Lubinus SP IIAustin Moore

Bipolar

Thompson

Exeter

Accolade

Hip hemiarthroplasty
Hip resurfacing Birmingham
Total Knee Replacement Gemini

Endo-Model

Sigma

Attune

Triathlon

Scorpio

Journey

Legion

Genesis II

Vanguard

VanguardXP

NexGen

Persona

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty [36] SledOxford
Shoulder/Elbow/Ankle Replacement
Trauma Femoral Nail Expert LFN/RAFN/ALFN

PFNA

TFN

PFNA

PFNA II

TFN

Gamma nail [37] Intertan nail [38] ZNN System, NCB System
Tibial Nail Expert tibia nailTibia NailT2 tibia nailZNN System, NCB System
External fixation Ilizarov Ring

Clamp

Trocar

Hoffmann II Taylor spatial frame

Ilizarov JET-X

TrueLok Hex

Galaxy

Locking Plates (LCP)2.4mm Locking

2.7mm Locking

3.5mm Locking

4.5/5.0mm Locking

Angled PlatesAngle Blade Plate

Condylat Plate

DHC, DCS

Jewett Nail Plate

SpineAnterior Cervical Plate

Monoaxial Screws

Polyaxial Screws

Cages

Mesh

Research progress

A surface engineering method was developed for biodegradable magnesium alloys to enhance orthopedic implants. [39]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease</span> Osteochondrosis that results in death and fracture located in hip joint

Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease (LCPD) is a childhood hip disorder initiated by a disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur. Due to the lack of blood flow, the bone dies and stops growing. Over time, healing occurs by new blood vessels infiltrating the dead bone and removing the necrotic bone which leads to a loss of bone mass and a weakening of the femoral head.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orthopedic surgery</span> Branch of surgery concerned with the musculoskeletal system

Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, spine diseases, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hip replacement</span> Surgery replacing hip joint with prosthetic implant

Hip replacement is a surgical procedure in which the hip joint is replaced by a prosthetic implant, that is, a hip prosthesis. Hip replacement surgery can be performed as a total replacement or a hemi/semi(half) replacement. Such joint replacement orthopaedic surgery is generally conducted to relieve arthritis pain or in some hip fractures. A total hip replacement consists of replacing both the acetabulum and the femoral head while hemiarthroplasty generally only replaces the femoral head. Hip replacement is one of the most common orthopaedic operations, though patient satisfaction varies widely between different techniques and implants. Approximately 58% of total hip replacements are estimated to last 25 years. The average cost of a total hip replacement in 2012 was $40,364 in the United States, and about $7,700 to $12,000 in most European countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Knee replacement</span> Surgical procedure

Knee replacement, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure to replace the weight-bearing surfaces of the knee joint to relieve pain and disability, most commonly offered when joint pain is not diminished by conservative sources. It may also be performed for other knee diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. In patients with severe deformity from advanced rheumatoid arthritis, trauma, or long-standing osteoarthritis, the surgery may be more complicated and carry higher risk. Osteoporosis does not typically cause knee pain, deformity, or inflammation, and is not a reason to perform knee replacement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joint replacement</span> Orthopedic surgery to replace a joint

Joint replacement is a procedure of orthopedic surgery known also as arthroplasty, in which an arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopedic prosthesis. Joint replacement is considered as a treatment when severe joint pain or dysfunction is not alleviated by less-invasive therapies. Joint replacement surgery is often indicated from various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Osteochondritis dissecans</span> Ischemic bone disease

Osteochondritis dissecans is a joint disorder primarily of the subchondral bone in which cracks form in the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. OCD usually causes pain during and after sports. In later stages of the disorder there will be swelling of the affected joint which catches and locks during movement. Physical examination in the early stages does only show pain as symptom, in later stages there could be an effusion, tenderness, and a crackling sound with joint movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Femoral head ostectomy</span> Surgical removal of the head and neck of the femur

A femoral head ostectomy is a surgical operation to remove the head and neck from the femur. It is performed to alleviate pain, and is a salvage procedure, reserved for condition where pain can not be alleviated in any other way. It is common in veterinary surgery. Other names are excision arthroplasty of the femoral head and neck, Girdlestone's operation, Girdlestone procedure, and femoral head and neck ostectomy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hip resurfacing</span>

Hip resurfacing has been developed as a surgical alternative to total hip replacement (THR). The procedure consists of placing a cap, which is hollow and shaped like a mushroom, over the head of the femur while a matching metal cup is placed in the acetabulum, replacing the articulating surfaces of the person's hip joint and removing very little bone compared to a THR. When the person moves the hip, the movement of the joint induces synovial fluid to flow between the hard metal bearing surfaces lubricating them when the components are placed in the correct position. The surgeon's level of experience with hip resurfacing is most important; therefore, the selection of the right surgeon is crucial for a successful outcome. Health-related quality of life measures are markedly improved and the person's satisfaction is favorable after hip resurfacing arthroplasty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Taylor Spatial Frame</span>

The Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) is an external fixator used by podiatric and orthopaedic surgeons to treat complex fractures and bone deformities. The medical device shares a number of components and features of the Ilizarov apparatus. The Taylor Spatial Frame is a hexapod device based on a Stewart platform, and was invented by orthopaedic surgeon Charles Taylor. The device consists of two or more aluminum or carbon fibre rings connected by six struts. Each strut can be independently lengthened or shortened to achieve the desired result, e.g. compression at the fracture site, lengthening, etc. Connected to a bone by tensioned wires or half pins, the attached bone can be manipulated in three dimensions and 9 degrees of freedom. Angular, translational, rotational, and length deformities can all be corrected simultaneously with the TSF.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intramedullary rod</span> Metal rod inserted to treat fractures

An intramedullary rod, also known as an intramedullary nail or inter-locking nail or Küntscher nail, is a metal rod forced into the medullary cavity of a bone. IM nails have long been used to treat fractures of long bones of the body. Gerhard Küntscher is credited with the first use of this device in 1939, during World War II, for soldiers with fractures of the femur. Prior to that, treatment of such fractures was limited to traction or plaster, both of which required long periods of inactivity. IM nails resulted in earlier return to activity for the soldiers, sometimes even within a span of a few weeks, since they share the load with the bone, rather than entirely supporting the bone.

Roentgen stereophotogrammetry (RSA) is a highly accurate technique for the assessment of three-dimensional migration and micromotion of a joint replacement prosthesis relative to the bone it is attached to. It was introduced in 1974 by Göran Selvik.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Internal fixation</span> Orthopedic operation to fix bone

Internal fixation is an operation in orthopedics that involves the surgical implementation of implants for the purpose of repairing a bone, a concept that dates to the mid-nineteenth century and was made applicable for routine treatment in the mid-twentieth century. An internal fixator may be made of stainless steel, titanium alloy, or cobalt-chrome alloy. or plastics.

"Professor" Derek McMinn is a British orthopaedic surgeon and inventor who practised in Birmingham, United Kingdom at the BMI Edgbaston Hospital until his suspension in 2020. McMinn is currently under police investigation for allegedly keeping the body parts of thousands of patients over a 25-year period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acetabular fracture</span> Broken bone in acetabular portion of hip bone

Fractures of the acetabulum occur when the head of the femur is driven into the pelvis. This injury is caused by a blow to either the side or front of the knee and often occurs as a dashboard injury accompanied by a fracture of the femur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tibial plateau fracture</span> Medical condition

A tibial plateau fracture is a break of the upper part of the tibia (shinbone) that involves the knee joint. This could involve the medial, lateral, central, or bicondylar. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and a decreased ability to move the knee. People are generally unable to walk. Complication may include injury to the artery or nerve, arthritis, and compartment syndrome.

Limb-sparing techniques, also known as limb-saving or limb-salvage techniques, are performed in order to preserve the look and function of limbs. Limb-sparing techniques are used to preserve limbs affected by trauma, arthritis, cancers such as high-grade bone sarcomas, and vascular conditions such as diabetic foot ulcers. As the techniques for chemotherapy, radiation, and diagnostic modalities improve, there has been a trend toward limb-sparing procedures to avoid amputation, which has been associated with a lower 5-year survival rate and cost-effectiveness compared to limb salvage in the long-run. There are many different types of limb-sparing techniques, including arthrodesis, arthroplasty, endoprosthetic reconstruction, various types of implants, rotationplasty, osseointegration limb replacement, fasciotomy, and revascularization.

Mirels' score is a tool useful in the management of bone tumors, by identifying those patients who would benefit from prophylactic fixation if they have a high enough risk of pathological fracture.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Index of trauma and orthopaedics articles</span>

Orthopedic surgery is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal injuries, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, bone tumours, and congenital limb deformities. Trauma surgery and traumatology is a sub-specialty dealing with the operative management of fractures, major trauma and the multiply-injured patient.

Fairbank's changes describe the radiological changes observed on an AP radiograph of the knee after meniscectomy.

Sarah Muirhead-Allwood (FRCS), is a British orthopaedic surgeon known for performing complex hip resurfacings and unusual hip replacements. Those she has operated on include The Queen Mother and Andy Murray.

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Szczęsny, G., Kopec, M., Politis, D. J., Kowalewski, Z. L., Łazarski, A., & Szolc, T. (2022). "A Review on Biomaterials for Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology: From Past to Present". Materials. 15 (10): 3622. Bibcode:2022Mate...15.3622S. doi: 10.3390/ma15103622 . PMC   9145924 . PMID   35629649.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)</ref>