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Connective tissue disease, also known as connective tissue disorder, or collagen vascular diseases, refers to any disorder that affects the connective tissue. The body's structures are held together by connective tissues, consisting of two distinct proteins: elastin and collagen. Tendons, ligaments, skin, cartilage, bone, and blood vessels are all made of collagen. Skin and ligaments contain elastin. The proteins and the body's surrounding tissues may suffer damage when these connective tissues become inflamed.
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Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), also known as thrombospondin-5, is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein primarily present in cartilage. In humans it is encoded by the COMP gene.
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Mechanobiology is an emerging field of science at the interface of biology, engineering, chemistry and physics. It focuses on how physical forces and changes in the mechanical properties of cells and tissues contribute to development, cell differentiation, physiology, and disease. Mechanical forces are experienced and may be interpreted to give biological responses in cells. The movement of joints, compressive loads on the cartilage and bone during exercise, and shear pressure on the blood vessel during blood circulation are all examples of mechanical forces in human tissues. A major challenge in the field is understanding mechanotransduction—the molecular mechanisms by which cells sense and respond to mechanical signals. While medicine has typically looked for the genetic and biochemical basis of disease, advances in mechanobiology suggest that changes in cell mechanics, extracellular matrix structure, or mechanotransduction may contribute to the development of many diseases, including atherosclerosis, fibrosis, asthma, osteoporosis, heart failure, and cancer. There is also a strong mechanical basis for many generalized medical disabilities, such as lower back pain, foot and postural injury, deformity, and irritable bowel syndrome.
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Artificial cartilage is a synthetic material made of hydrogels or polymers that aims to mimic the functional properties of natural cartilage in the human body. Tissue engineering principles are used in order to create a non-degradable and biocompatible material that can replace cartilage. While creating a useful synthetic cartilage material, certain challenges need to be overcome. First, cartilage is an avascular structure in the body and therefore does not repair itself. This creates issues in regeneration of the tissue. Synthetic cartilage also needs to be stably attached to its underlying surface i.e. the bone. Lastly, in the case of creating synthetic cartilage to be used in joint spaces, high mechanical strength under compression needs to be an intrinsic property of the material.
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References
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- ↑ Setton, LA; Mow, VC; Müller, FJ; Pita, JC; Howell, DS (1994). "Mechanical properties of canine articular cartilage are significantly altered following transection of the anterior cruciate ligament". Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 12 (4): 451–463. doi:10.1002/jor.1100120402. PMID 8064477. S2CID 41257875.(cited 168 times)
- ↑ LeRoux, MA; Arokoski, J; Vail, TP; Guilak, F; Hyttinen, MM; Kiviranta, I; Setton, LA (2000). "Simultaneous changes in the mechanical properties, quantitative collagen organization, and proteoglycan concentration of articular cartilage following canine meniscectomy". Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 18 (3): 383–392. doi:10.1002/jor.1100180309. PMID 10937624. S2CID 1697626.(cited 122 times)
- ↑ Leroux, MA; Cheung, HS; Bau, JL; Wang, JY; Howell, DS; Setton, LA (2001). "Altered mechanics and histomorphometry of canine tibial cartilage following joint immobilization". Osteoarthritis and Cartilage. 9 (7): 633–640. doi: 10.1053/joca.2001.0432 . PMID 11597176.(cited 62 times)
- ↑ Boyd, LM; Richardson, WJ; Chen, J; Kraus, VB; Tewari, A; Setton, LA (2005). "Osmolarity regulates gene expression in intervertebral disc cells determined by gene array and real-time quantitative RT-PCR". Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 33 (8): 1071–1077. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.419.5226 . doi:10.1007/s10439-005-5775-y. PMID 16133915. S2CID 18286177.(cited 35 times)
- ↑ Chen, J; Yan, W; Setton, LA (2004). "Static compression induces zonal-specific changes in gene expression for extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal proteins in intervertebral disc cells in vitro". Matrix Biology. 22 (7): 573–583. doi:10.1016/j.matbio.2003.11.008. PMID 14996437.(cited 74 times)
- ↑ Boyd, LM; Richardson, WJ; Allen, KD; Flahiff, C; Jing, L; Li, Y; Chen, J; Setton, LA (2008). "Early-onset degeneration of the intervertebral disc and vertebral end plate in mice deficient in type IX collagen". Arthritis Rheum. 58 (1): 164–171. doi: 10.1002/art.23231 . PMID 18163498.(cited 40 times)
- ↑ Allen, KD; Griffin, TM; Rodriguiz, RM; Wetsel, WC; Kraus, VB; Huebner, JL; Boyd LM; Setton, LA (2009). "Decreased physical function and increased pain sensitivity in mice deficient for type IX collagen". Arthritis Rheum. 60 (9): 2684–2693. doi:10.1002/art.24783. PMC 2760314 . PMID 19714629.(cited 29 times)
- ↑ Nettles, DL; Chilkoti, A; Setton, LA (2010). "Applications of elastin-like polypeptides in tissue engineering". Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 62 (15): 1479–1485. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2010.04.002. PMC 2935943 . PMID 20385185.(cited 114 times)
- ↑ Nettles DL; Kitaoka, K; Hanson, NA; Flahiff, CM; Mata, BA; Hsu, EW; Chilkoti, A; Setton, LA (2008). "In situ crosslinking elastin-like polypeptide gels for application to articular cartilage repair in a goat osteochondral defect model". Tissue Eng Part A. 14 (7): 1133–1140. doi:10.1089/tea.2007.0245. PMC 3312393 . PMID 18433311.(cited 50times)
- ↑ Betre, H; Ong, SR; Guilak, F; Chilkoti, A; Fermor, B; Setton, LA (2006). "Chondrocytic differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stem cells in elastin-like polypeptide". Biomaterials. 27 (1): 91–99. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.071. PMID 16023192.
- ↑ Nettles, DL; Vail, TP; Morgan, MT; Grinstaff, MW; Setton, LA (2004). "Photocrosslinkable hyaluronan as a scaffold for articular cartilage repair". Ann Biomed Eng. 32 (3): 391–397. doi:10.1023/b:abme.0000017552.65260.94 (inactive 1 November 2024). PMID 15095813. S2CID 1334471.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link) - ↑ Allen, KD; Adams, SB Jr; Mata, BA; Shamji, MF; Gouze, E; Jing, L; Nettles, DL; Latt, LD; Setton, LA (2010). "Gait and behavior in an IL1β-mediated model of rat knee arthritis and effects of an IL1 antagonist". Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 29 (5): 694–703. doi:10.1002/jor.21309. PMC 3100769 . PMID 21437948.
- ↑ Shamji, MF; Chen, J; Friedman, AH; Richardson, WJ; Chilkoti, A; Setton, LA (2008). "Synthesis and characterization of a thermally-responsive tumor necrosis factor antagonist". J Control Release. 129 (3): 179–186. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.04.021. PMC 2637771 . PMID 18547669.
- ↑ Shamji, MF; Betre, H; Kraus, VB; Chen, J; Chilkoti, A; Pichika, R; Masuda, K; Setton LA (2007). "Development and characterization of a fusion protein between thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist: sustained release of a local antiinflammatory therapeutic". Arthritis Rheum. 56 (11): 3650–3661. doi:10.1002/art.22952. PMID 17968946. S2CID 32108692.
- ↑ Betre, H; Liu, W; Zalutsky, MR; Chilkoti, A; Kraus, VB; Setton, LA (2006). "A thermally responsive biopolymer for intra-articular drug delivery". J Control Release. 115 (2): 175–182. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2006.07.022. PMID 16959360.
- ↑ Allen, KD; Shamji, MF; Mata, BA; Gabr, MA; Sinclair, SM; Schmitt, DO; Richardson, WJ; Setton LA (2011). "Kinematic and dynamic gait compensations in a rat model of lumbar radiculopathy and the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonism". Arthritis Research & Therapy . 13 (4): R137. doi: 10.1186/ar3451 . PMC 3239380 . PMID 21871102.
- ↑ Google Scholar Citations for Lori Setton
- ↑ Duke University Graduate School (2005). "Dean's Awards for Excellence in Mentoring: Past Recipients". gradschool.duke.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
- ↑ bmes.org (2009). "BMES Fellows". Biomedical Engineering Society. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
- ↑ asme.org (2007). "Van C. Mow Medal Recipients". American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Retrieved 2013-05-23.
- ↑ "All Fellows" (PDF). ASME. 2022.
- ↑ www.nsf.gov (1997-10-24). "Twenty NSF-Supported Young Scientists and Engineers Receive Presidential Award". National Science Foundation. Retrieved 2013-05-25.