Louis Nathaniel de Rothschild | |
|---|---|
 Photograph of Rothschild, c. 1930 | |
| Born | Ludwig Nathaniel Freiherr von Rothschild 5 March 1882 |
| Died | 15 January 1955 (aged 72) |
| Nationality | Austrian |
| Occupation | Banker |
| Spouse | |
| Parent(s) | Albert Salomon von Rothschild and Bettina Caroline de Rothschild |
Louis Nathaniel, Baron von Schwartz de Rothschild (German : Ludwig Nathaniel, Freiherr von Rothschild [1] ) was an Austrian Baron from the Rothschild family.
Rothschild was born in Vienna on 5 March 1882. He was the son of Baron Albert Salomon Anselm von Rothschild (1844–1911) and his wife, Bettina Caroline de Rothschild (1858–1892). His father owned numerous palaces in Vienna, including the Palais Albert Rothschild, that housed exquisite art collections and antiques.
After the death of his father, Albert Rothschild, in 1911, he took over the management of the Creditanstalt bank and industrial companies owned by the Austrian branch of the Rothschilds. [2] [3]
After the Anschluß of Austria to Nazi Germany in March 1938, he was arrested at the airport at Aspern [4] and held by the Nazis. [5] He was released only after lengthy negotiations between the family and the Nazis and upon payment of $21,000,000, believed to have been the largest kidnap ransom in history for any individual. [6]
While imprisoned he was visited by Heinrich Himmler. Rothschild apparently impressed the SS leader, who subsequently ordered that Rothschild's prison conditions be improved with better furniture and sanitation facilities. [7] Despite appeals from Queen Mary of the United Kingdom and possibly the Duke of Windsor, Rothschild was held in Vienna's Hotel Metropole while the German government attempted to expropriate his business concerns. [8] He was imprisoned at least through July 1938, and his property placed under control of a German "commissioner". [9] Felix Somary, in his memoirs, [10] recalls that, soon before the Anschluss, he phoned to the baron repeatedly, in a desperate attempt to convince him to leave Austria. The day before the Anschluss, Louis's brother Alphons and his wife were visiting him in Switzerland, wanting to go back into Austria; he persuaded them to remain there, and to get his children Francesca de Rothschild and Heidi de Rothschild away from Austria to the Netherlands.
Finally allowed to leave Austria, Louis survived the Holocaust and Second World War.
All of the Rothschild possessions were plundered and subsequently "Aryanised". [11] The city-palace of the family was destroyed after the war. The baron never received most of his former belongings back, since most of the paintings were taken over by the Austrian state, which did not allow the paintings to leave the country. In 1998, over 200 art works were returned to the Rothschild heirs by the Austrian Government, and were placed at Christie's in London for auction in 1999. [12]
In 2020, in one of the largest ever restitution claims filed, Rothschild heirs sued Vienna over a trust seized by Nazis. [13]
In 1946 he married the Countess Hildegarde Karoline Johanna Maria "Hilda" von Auersperg (1895–1981), the only daughter of Count Anton von Auersperg (1858-1924) and his wife, Valerie Schenk von Lédecz (1875-1931). [14] They lived in East Barnard, Vermont in the United States, and in England. They did not have any children. [15]
Rothschild died of heart failure while swimming in Montego Bay, Jamaica on 15 January 1955. [15]
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| National | |
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The Rothschild family is a wealthy Ashkenazi Jewish noble banking family originally from Frankfurt. The family's documented history starts in 16th century Frankfurt; its name is derived from the family house, Rothschild, built by Isaak Elchanan Bacharach in Frankfurt in 1567. The family rose to prominence with Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), a court factor to the German Landgraves of Hesse-Kassel in the Free City of Frankfurt, Holy Roman Empire, who established his banking business in the 1760s. Unlike most previous court factors, Rothschild managed to bequeath his wealth and established an international banking family through his five sons, who established businesses in Paris, Frankfurt, London, Vienna, and Naples. The family was elevated to noble rank in the Holy Roman Empire and the United Kingdom.
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Anselm Salomon von Schwartz Rothschild, Baron Rothschild was an Austrian banker, founder of the Creditanstalt, and a member of the Vienna branch of the Rothschild family.
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The Palais Nathaniel Rothschild was a palatial residence in Vienna, Austria. It was one of five Palais Rothschild in the city that were owned by members of the Rothschild banking family of Austria.
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The Palais Rothschild is a former palatial residence in Vienna, Austria. It was one of five Palais Rothschild in the city that were owned by members of the Rothschild banking family of Austria, a branch of the international Rothschild family. It is located at Metternichgasse 8 in Vienna's 3rd district, Landstraße. The building is also known as Palais Springer or Palais Springer-Rothschild, as it was owned by the Springer family before the Rothschild family.
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