{{small|(from 1947)}}
[[Mặt trận Quốc gia Liên hiệp|Vietnam National Rally]]
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He was born in 1896 in Phong Điền district, Cần Thơ, Cochinchina, French Indochina. He earned a medical degree from the University of Indochina. [1] Afterward, he went overseas to France to further his studies. [2] After returning from his studies overseas, he became active in the Cao Đài movement in Saigon. He was also the police chief in Cần Thơ during the Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina in March 1945. He was able to take control of Cần Thơ from the Imperial Japanese and he protected the French. As a reward, the French decided to make him a delegate for Cần Thơ province at the Consultative Council.
After the suicide of Nguyen Van Thinh, the French supported Hoạch to become the next prime minister and leader of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina. He assumed the office on 7 December 1946 and would serve until 8 October 1947. [3] [4] He was succeeded by his deputy Nguyễn Văn Xuân. Despite having the French support, Hoạch was a strong supporter for the independence of Cochinchina. On 11 December 1947 he would form the Vietnam National Assembly in Saigon. In addition to getting support from people in Cochinchina, he was able to get some support in Annam and Tonkin which resulted in the formation Vietnam National Rally on 23 December 1947. He would later go on and proclaim that he supported the monarchy form of government and he claims that there were extensive support from the Cao Đài, Hòa Hảo, and the Catholics. [5]
He was an adherent of Caodaism. He had a younger brother named Lê Văn Huấn who was a teacher and taught at Petrus Ký High School. His brother was a follower of the Viet Minh and affiliated with the Vietnamese Fatherland Front and a vice chairman of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam commonly known as the Viet Cong. [6]
South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam, was a country in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975. It first received international recognition in 1949 as the State of Vietnam within the French Union, with its capital at Saigon, before becoming a republic in 1955, the time when the southern portion of Vietnam was one member of the Western Bloc during part of the Cold War after the 1954 division of Vietnam. South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Its sovereignty was recognized by the United States and 87 other nations, though it failed to gain admission into the United Nations as a result of a Soviet veto in 1957. It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. In 1976, the Republic of South Vietnam and North Vietnam merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
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French Cochinchina was a colony of French Indochina from 1862 to 1949, encompassing what is now Southern Vietnam. The French operated a plantation economy whose primary strategic product was rubber.
The Empire of Vietnam was a short-lived puppet state of Imperial Japan between March 11 and August 25, 1945. It was a member of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. It was ruled by the Nguyễn dynasty and created when Emperor Bảo Đại declared independence for Vietnam from French protection. At the end of its existence, on 14 August 1945, the empire also successfully reclaimed Cochinchina as part of Vietnam.
Nguyễn Văn Lộc was a South Vietnamese educator, lawyer, and politician who served as Prime Minister of South Vietnam between 31 October 1967 and 18 May 1968. His second wife, Nguyễn Thị Mai, would be the subject of a biography, Black Silk Pajamas in 2000.
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The Provisional Central Government of Vietnam was a provisional associated government within the French Union, proclaimed in Vietnam during the First Indochina War. On 5 June 1948, it was recognized as an independent government by France. However, it was only created as a transitional entity partly replacing the French protectorates of Tonkin and Annam, until Cochinchina could be reunited with the rest of the country under an independent associated state within the French Union. This state would be the State of Vietnam, predecessor of the Republic of Vietnam. The State of Vietnam was established by the Élysée Accords on 8 March 1949 and proclaimed on July 2, marking its end.
In 1955, the Prime Minister of South Vietnam Ngô Đình Diệm faced a severe challenge to his rule over South Vietnam from the Bình Xuyên criminal gang and the Cao Đài and Hòa Hảo religious sects. In the Battle of Saigon in April, Diệm's army eliminated the Bình Xuyên as a rival and soon also reduced the power of the sects. The United States, which had been wavering in its support of Diệm before the battle, strongly supported him afterwards. Diệm declined to enter into talks with North Vietnam concerning an election in 1956 to unify the country. Diệm called a national election in October and easily defeated Head of State Bảo Đại, thus becoming President of South Vietnam.
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Lê Văn Hoạch | |
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![]() Hoạch in 1948 | |
Deputy Prime Minister of the State of Vietnam | |
In office 8 January 1953 –17 December 1953 Servingwith Nguyễn Huy Lai | |
Prime Minister | Nguyễn Văn Tâm |
Preceded by | |
Succeeded by | Nguyễn Trung Vinh |
2nd President of the Autonomous Republic of Cochinchina | |
In office 7 December 1946 –8 October 1947 | |
Deputy | Nguyễn Văn Xuân |
Preceded by | Nguyễn Văn Thinh |
Succeeded by | Nguyễn Văn Xuân |
Personal details | |
Born | 1896 Cần Thơ,Cochinchina,French Indochina |
Died | 1978 (aged 81–82) Hậu Giang province,Vietnam |
Political party | Independent (from 1947) Vietnam National Rally (until 1947) |
Alma mater | University of Indochina (Medical degree) |
Profession |
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LêVăn Hoạch (