 |
|---|
 Politicsportal |
This article lists the heads of state of modern Vietnam since 1945, from the establishment of the Empire of Vietnam to the present day.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Reign | House | Claim | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | |||||
| 1 |  | Bảo Đại (1913–1997) | 11 March 1945 | 25 August 1945 | 167 days | Nguyễn | Son of Khải Định |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam | ||||||
| 1 |  | Hồ Chí Minh (1890–1969) | 2 September 1945 | 2 September 1969 | 24 years | Indochinese Communist Party (until 1951) Worker's Party of Vietnam (from 1951) |
| — |  | Huỳnh Thúc Kháng (1876–1947) | 31 May 1946 | 21 September 1946 | 113 days | Independent |
| — |  | Tôn Đức Thắng (1888–1980) | 3 September 1969 | 22 September 1969 | 19 days | Worker's Party of Vietnam |
| 2 | 22 September 1969 | 2 July 1976 | 6 years, 284 days | |||
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Chief of the State of Vietnam | ||||||
| 1 | | Bảo Đại (1913–1997) | 13 June 1949 | 30 April 1955 | 5 years, 321 days | Independent |
| — |  | Ngô Đình Diệm (1901–1963) | 30 April 1955 | 26 October 1955 | 179 days | Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
| President of the Republic of Vietnam | |||||||
| 1 | | Ngô Đình Diệm (1901–1963) | 1961 | 26 October 1955 | 2 November 1963 | 8 years, 7 days | Personalist Labor Revolutionary Party |
| Chief of State of the Republic of Vietnam | |||||||
| 2 |  | Dương Văn Minh (1916–2001) | — | 2 November 1963 | 16 August 1964 | 288 days | Military |
| 3 |  | Nguyễn Khánh (1927–2013) | — | 16 August 1964 | 27 August 1964 | 11 days | Military |
| N/A |  | Provisional Leadership Committee [a] | 27 August 1964 | 8 September 1964 | 12 days | Military | |
| (2) | | Dương Văn Minh (1916–2001) | — | 8 September 1964 | 24 October 1964 | 46 days | Military |
| 4 |  | Phan Khắc Sửu (1893–1970) | — | 24 October 1964 | 14 June 1965 | 233 days | Independent |
| 5 |  | Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (1923–2001) | — | 14 June 1965 | 3 September 1967 | 2 years, 81 days | Military |
| President of the Republic of Vietnam | |||||||
| (5) | | Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (1923–2001) | 1967 1971 | 3 September 1967 | 21 April 1975 | 7 years, 230 days | Military (until 1969) |
| (5) | National Social Democratic Front (from 1969) | ||||||
| 6 |  | Trần Văn Hương (1902–1982) | — | 21 April 1975 | 28 April 1975 | 7 days | Independent |
| (2) | | Dương Văn Minh (1916–2001) | — | 28 April 1975 | 30 April 1975 | 2 days | Independent |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| Chairman of the Consultative Council of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam | ||||||
| 1 |  | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1910–1996) | 8 June 1969 | 2 July 1976 | 7 years, 24 days | People's Revolutionary Party of Vietnam (National Liberation Front) [b] |
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
| President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam | ||||||
| (2) | | Tôn Đức Thắng (1888–1980) | 2 July 1976 | 30 March 1980 | 3 years, 272 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| — | | Nguyễn Hữu Thọ (1910–1996) | 30 March 1980 | 4 July 1981 | 1 year, 96 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| Chairman of the Council of State of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam | ||||||
| 3 |  | Trường Chinh (1907–1988) | 4 July 1981 | 18 June 1987 | 5 years, 349 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 4 |  | Võ Chí Công (1912–2011) | 18 June 1987 | 22 September 1992 | 5 years, 96 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam | ||||||
| 5 |  | Lê Đức Anh (1920–2019) | 22 September 1992 | 24 September 1997 | 5 years, 2 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 6 |  | Trần Đức Lương (born 1937) | 24 September 1997 | 27 June 2006 | 8 years, 276 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 7 |  | Nguyễn Minh Triết (born 1942) | 27 June 2006 | 25 July 2011 | 5 years, 28 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 8 |  | Trương Tấn Sang (born 1949) | 25 July 2011 | 2 April 2016 | 4 years, 252 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 9 |  | Trần Đại Quang (1956–2018) | 2 April 2016 | 21 September 2018 | 2 years, 172 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| — |  | Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh (born 1959) | 21 September 2018 | 23 October 2018 | 32 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 10 |  | Nguyễn Phú Trọng (1944–2024) | 23 October 2018 | 5 April 2021 | 2 years, 164 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 11 |  | Nguyễn Xuân Phúc (born 1954) | 5 April 2021 | 18 January 2023 | 1 year, 288 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| — |  | Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (born 1970) | 18 January 2023 | 2 March 2023 | 43 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 12 |  | Võ Văn Thưởng (born 1970) | 2 March 2023 | 21 March 2024 | 1 year, 19 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| — | | Võ Thị Ánh Xuân (born 1970) | 21 March 2024 | 22 May 2024 | 62 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 13 |  | Tô Lâm (born 1957) | 22 May 2024 | 21 October 2024 | 152 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
| 14 |  | Lương Cường (born 1957) | 21 October 2024 | Incumbent | 60 days | Communist Party of Vietnam |
 Heads of state of Vietnam since 1945 | |
|---|---|
| Empire of Vietnam (1945) |  |
| Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1945–1976) |
|
| State / Republic of Vietnam (1949–1975) | 
|
| Provisional Revolutionary Government (1969–1976) |  |
| Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1976–present) | |
| |
Bảo Đại, born Nguyễn Phúc (Phước) Vĩnh Thụy, was the 13th and final emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of Vietnam. From 1926 to 1945, he was de jure emperor of Annam and Tonkin, which were then protectorates in French Indochina, covering the present-day central and northern Vietnam. Bảo Đại ascended the throne in 1932.
The Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the executive branch and body of the state administration of Vietnam. The members of the Government are appointed by the President of Vietnam on the advice of the Prime Minister of Vietnam and approved by the National Assembly. The Government is led by the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), which is headed by the CPV general secretary, often seen as the highest political post in Vietnam.
The Prime Ministerof Vietnam is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Government. The prime minister directs the work of government members, and may propose deputy prime ministers to the National Assembly.
The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam from its delegates. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, candidates for the post are nominated by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The officeholder is generally considered to hold the second-highest position in the political system, practically after the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. As head of state, the President represents Vietnam both domestically and internationally, and maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country.
The Vietnamese Constitution or the Constitution of Vietnam, fully the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the fundamental and supreme law of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The current constitution was adopted on November 28, 2013, by the Thirteenth National Assembly and took effect on January 1, 2014, being the third constitution adopted by the Vietnamese state since the political reunification of the country in 1976.
The State of Vietnam was a governmental entity in Southeast Asia that existed from 1949 until 1955, first as a member of the French Union and later as a country. The state claimed authority over all of Vietnam during the First Indochina War, although large parts of its territory were controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Lê Đức Anh was a Vietnamese politician and general who served as the fifth President of Vietnam from 1992 to 1997. He previously led the Vietnamese forces in Cambodia throughout the 1980s. He was regarded as a conservative who advocated maintaining tight party control over domestic policies.
The Provisional Central Government of Vietnam was a provisional associated government within the French Union, proclaimed in Vietnam during the First Indochina War. On 5 June 1948, it was recognized as an independent government by France. However, it was only created as a transitional entity partly replacing the French protectorates of Tonkin and Annam, until Cochinchina could be reunited with the rest of the country under an independent associated state within the French Union. This state would be the State of Vietnam.
The vice president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, known as the deputy chairman of the Council of State from 1981 to 1992, is the deputy head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The vice president is appointed on the recommendation of the president to the National Assembly. The president can also recommend the vice president's dismissal and resignation from office. Upon the president's recommendation, the vice president has to be approved by the National Assembly. The main duty of a vice president is to help the president in discharging his duties—in certain cases, the vice president can be empowered by the president to replace him in the discharge of some of his duties. If the president cannot discharge his duties, the vice president becomes acting president. In case of vacancy, the vice president will remain acting president until the National Assembly elects a new president.
A commune is a type of third tier subdivision of Vietnam. It is divided into 11,162 units along with wards and townships, which have an equal status.
The deputy prime ministerof the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, known as the deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1981 to 1992, is one of the highest offices within the Central Government. The deputy prime minister has throughout its history been responsible for helping the prime minister to handle Vietnam's internal policies. Since Vietnam is a one-party state, with the Communist Party of Vietnam being the sole party allowed by the constitution, all the deputy prime ministers of the Democratic Republic and the Socialist Republic have been members of the party while holding office.
Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh is a Vietnamese politician who served as the acting president of Vietnam in 2018 and as the 16th vice president of Vietnam from 2016 to 2021. She is the first woman in Vietnamese history to hold the Vietnamese presidency and the first female head of state in a communist country since Soong Ching-ling of China.
Võ Thị Ánh Xuân is a Vietnamese politician and former educator who serves as the 17th vice president of Vietnam since 2021. She briefly served as the acting president of Vietnam in 2023 and 2024.
