Phạm Hùng (June 11,1912 –March 10,1988) was a South Vietnamese politician and the 2nd Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam from 1987 to 1988. [1]
Phạm Hùng was born on June 11,1912,in Vĩnh Long Province,in the Mekong River Delta of southern Vietnam. He was a member of the Communist Party of Indochina since 1930. The following year,he was arrested by the French colonial authorities for killing a landowner and sentenced to death. His sentence was converted into a prison sentence. In 1936,he was amnestied. He was arrested again in 1939 and remained imprisoned until 1945 on the infamous prison island Poulo Condore. During his imprisonment,he is described as one of the leaders of the communist prisoners. During the First Indochina War,he was one of the active party leaders in the south of the country and although in a formally subordinate position,controlled large sections of the Viet Minh security forces in the south. In 1951,he was appointed as a member of the Central Committee of the party. [2]
After the withdrawal of France and signature of Geneva Accords,Pham Hung was ordered in 1955 to Hanoi. In 1957,he became a member of the Politburo of the party. [3] : 100 He was closely allied with LêDuẩn who by early 1964 had become the effective leader of North Vietnam. LêDuẩn and his supporters adopted a more belligerent approach to the armed struggle in South Vietnam in contrast to moderates such as Ho Chi Minh and VõNguyên Giáp. [3] : 108–10
In July 1967,after the mysterious death of LêDuẩn ally,Nguyễn ChíThanh,under the code name Bay Cuong,he took command of the Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN). [3] : 154
After the war,he returned to his role in the Politburo. In 1979,he became Minister of the Interior. In 1987,he took over the post of prime minister after the withdrawal of Phạm Văn Đồng. [4]
During the Vietnam War,he acted as political commissar to the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam. He also served as Interior Secretary before his relatively brief period as Prime Minister. [5]
VõNguyên Giáp was a general of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN),communist revolutionary and politician. Regarded as one of the greatest military strategists of the 20th century,Giáp led Vietnamese communist forces to victories in wars against Japan,France,South Vietnam and the United States,and China. Giáp was military commander of the Việt Minh and the PAVN from 1941 to 1972,minister of defence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1946–1947 and from 1948 to 1980,and deputy prime minister from 1955 to 1991. He was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
HồChíMinh,colloquially known as Uncle Ho or just Uncle,and by other aliases and sobriquets,was a Vietnamese communist revolutionary,nationalist,and politician. He served as prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 1945 to 1955 and as president from 1945 until his death in 1969. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist,he was the Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam,the predecessor of the current Communist Party of Vietnam.
LêDuẩn was a Vietnamese communist politician. He rose in the party hierarchy in the late 1950s and became General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (VCP) at the 3rd National Congress in 1960. He continued HồChíMinh's policy of ruling through collective leadership. From the mid-1960s until his own death in 1986,he was the top decision-maker in Vietnam.
Phạm Văn Đồng was a Vietnamese politician who served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976. He later served as Prime Minister of Vietnam,following reunification of North and South Vietnam,from 1976 until he retired in 1987 under the presidency of LêDuẩn and Nguyễn Văn Linh. He was considered one of HồChíMinh's closest lieutenants.
The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and sole legal party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Founded in 1930 by HồChíMinh,the CPV became the ruling party of North Vietnam in 1954 and then all of Vietnam after the collapse of the South Vietnamese government following the Fall of Saigon in 1975. Although it nominally exists alongside the Vietnamese Fatherland Front,it maintains a unitary government and has centralized control over the state,military,and media. The supremacy of the CPV is guaranteed by Article 4 of the national constitution. The Vietnamese public generally refer to the CPV as simply "the Party" or "our Party".
VõChíCông was a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary,and the Chairman of the Council of State of Vietnam between 1987 and 1992. He was the Standing Deputy Chairman of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam from 1962 to 1976.
Trường Chinh,born Đặng Xuân Khu;9 February 1907 –30 September 1988) was a Vietnamese communist political leader,revolutionary and theoretician. He was one of the key figures of Vietnamese politics and the important Vietnamese leaders for over 40 years. He played a major role in the anti-French colonialism movement and finally after decades of protracted war in Vietnam,the Vietnamese defeated the colonial power. He was the think-tank of the Communist Party who determined the direction of the communist movement,particularly in the anti-French colonialism movement. After the declaration of independence in September 1945,Trường Chinh played an important role in shaping the politics of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and creating the socialist structure of the new Vietnam.
The Political Bureau (Politburo) of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the highest body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) in between gatherings of the National Congress and of the plenary sessions Central Committee. According to Party rules,the Politburo directs the general orientation of the government,and by that,it has dominant power in the politics of Vietnam.
After World War II and the collapse of Vietnam's monarchy,France attempted to re-establish its colonial rule but was ultimately defeated in the First Indo-China War. The Geneva Accords in 1954 partitioned the country temporarily in two with a promise of democratic elections in 1956 to reunite the country. The United States and South Vietnam insisted on United Nations supervision of any election to prevent fraud,which the Soviet Union and North Vietnam refused. North and South Vietnam therefore remained divided until the Vietnam War ended with the Fall of Saigon in 1975.
The 3rd Politburo of the Workers' Party of Vietnam (WPV),formally the 3rd Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese:BộChính trịBan Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Lao động Việt Nam III),was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 3rd Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 3rd National Congress.
The 2nd Politburo of the Workers' Party of Vietnam (WPV),formally the 2nd Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese:BộChính trịBan Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Lao động Việt Nam II),was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 2nd Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 2nd National Congress.
The 5th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV),formally the 5th Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese:BộChính trịBan Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam KhoáV),was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 5th Central Committee in the immediate aftermath of the 5th National Congress.
The 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam was elected at the 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The 11th Central Committee elected the 11th Politburo and the 11th Secretariat.
Nguyễn ChíThanh was a General in the North Vietnamese Vietnam People's Army and former North Vietnamese politician. Nguyễn ChíThanh was born in Thừa Thiên Province in Central Vietnam to a peasant family. His original name was Nguyễn Văn Vịnh. He joined the Indochinese Communist Party in the mid-1930s and apparently spent most of the Second World War in a French prison. He worked for the Party in Central Vietnam until his rise to the Politburo in 1951. During the First Indochina War Thanh was made a general of the People's Army of Vietnam. From 1965 until his death,he served as the leading strategist and military commander of COSVN,the southern headquarters of communist military and political operations within the Republic of Vietnam. In 1967,he presented plans for what was to become the Tet Offensive to the Politburo,but died shortly after receiving permission to implement his plan.
On 27 January 2016,the 12th National Congress elected 180 individuals to serve as members of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) for the electoral term 2016–2021. The Central Committee is the highest decision-making institution in the CPV and Vietnam when the Party's National Congress and the Politburo are adjourned. In between congresses,the Central Committee is responsible for organising and directing the implementation of the Party's Political Platform,Charter,and resolutions adopted at the National Congress. Furthermore,it adopts guidelines and policies in all relevant fields,domestic or foreign. In addition,the sitting Central Committee is responsible for convening the next National Congress. Members of the Central Committee have the right to elect and remove the General Secretary of the Central Committee as well as members of the Politburo,the Secretariat and the Central Inspection Commission (CIC). When the Central Committee is not in session,it delegates its powers to these three elected organs which then report on their activities the next time the Central Committee convenes for a meeting. Central Committee members are responsible to and report on their work to the Central Committee.
The 10th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam was elected at the 10th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam. The 10th Central Committee elected the 10th Politburo and the 10th Secretariat.
The 13th Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV),formally the 13th Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (Vietnamese:BộChính trịBan Chấp hành trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam KhoáXIII),was elected at the 1st Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee (CC) in the immediate aftermath of the 13th National Congress. Nguyễn PhúTrọng was re-elected for his third term as General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam,a position he has held since 2011.
The 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) has been in session since the conclusion of the 13th National Congress in 2021. It elected,at its 1st Plenary Session,the Politburo,about half of the membership of the Secretariat and the Central Inspection Commission of the 13th term.