Lü Shuxiang | |
|---|---|
吕叔湘 | |
 | |
| Born | 24 December 1904 |
| Died | 9 April 1998 (aged 93) |
| Occupation(s) | Linguist, educator |
Lü Shuxiang (Chinese :吕叔湘; pinyin :Lǚ Shūxiāng, 1904–1998) was a Chinese linguist, lexicographer and educator, and a pioneer of modern Chinese linguists.
Lü Shuxiang was born in Danyang, Jiangsu Province. He studied Foreign Languages and Literature in the National Central University and graduated in 1926. He then taught in Danyang Middle School and Suzhou High School. In 1936, he went to England for postgraduate studies in the Anthropology Department of Oxford University and then in the Library Science Department of the University of London. He returned to China in 1938 during the war, and held various professorships in Yunnan University, Huaxi Union College and Jinling College, and later, the National Central University.
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Lü was a professor in the Chinese Department of Tsinghua University from 1950 to 1952. Starting from 1952, he worked in the Institute of Languages in the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a committee member and vice director of the important China Language Reform Commission. From 1978 to 1985, he was the chief editor of the journal Chinese philology. From 1980 to 1985, he was the president of the Association of Chinese Linguistics. He was editor-in-chief of the authoritative Xiandai Hanyu Cidian , and served on the editorial board for the Encyclopedia of China . In 1987, he was awarded honorary Doctor of Literature by the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was an associate fellow in the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1997.
The artist and art educator Lü Fengzi (1886–1959), and the prominent Buddhist scholar Lü Cheng (1896–1989), were his cousins. In addition, he was the father in law to Chinese physicist Tang Xiaowei and uncle to Peking University educated scholar Lü Qisu.
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Xiandai Hanyu Cidian, also known as A Dictionary of Current Chinese or Contemporary Chinese Dictionary is an important one-volume dictionary of Standard Mandarin Chinese published by the Commercial Press, now into its 7th (2016) edition. It was originally edited by Lü Shuxiang and Ding Shengshu as a reference work on modern Standard Mandarin Chinese. Compilation started in 1958 and trial editions were issued in 1960 and 1965, with a number of copies printed in 1973 for internal circulation and comments, but due to the Cultural Revolution the final draft was not completed until the end of 1977, and the first formal edition was not published until December 1978. It was the first People's Republic of China dictionary to be arranged according to Hanyu Pinyin, the phonetic standard for Standard Mandarin Chinese, with explanatory notes in simplified Chinese. The subsequent second through seventh editions were respectively published in 1983, 1996, 2002, 2005, 2012 and 2016.
Li Wei is a British linguist, journal editor, and educator, of Manchu-Chinese heritage, who is currently the Director and Dean of the UCL Institute of Education, University College London. He is an elected Fellow of the British Academy, Member of Academia Europaea, Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences, and Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA). Prior to his appointment as IOE's Director and Dean in March 2021, he held a Chair of Applied Linguistics, was Director of the Centre for Applied Linguistics at the UCL Institute of Education, and directed the ESRC UCL, Bloomsbury and East London Doctoral Training Partnership. Until the end of 2014, he was Pro-Vice-Master of Birkbeck College, University of London, where he was Chair of Applied Linguistics and Director of the Birkeck Graduate Research School. His research interests are in bilingualism and multilingualism. He founded a number of journals in linguistics and education.
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