Mali is located in Africa. The history of the territory of modern Mali may be divided into:
Amadou Toumani Touré is a Malian politician who was President of Mali from 2002 to 2012.
Elections in Mali gives information on election and election results in Mali.
Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, or as he is often known, IBK, is a Malian politician who has been President of Mali since 2013. Previously he was Prime Minister of Mali from 1994 to 2000 and President of the National Assembly of Mali from 2002 to 2007. He founded a political party, Rally for Mali (RPM), in 2001. He was elected as President in the July–August 2013 presidential election and sworn in on 4 September 2013.
The National Assembly of Mali is the unicameral country's legislative body of 147 voting members.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 29 April 2007. Incumbent president Amadou Toumani Touré ran for re-election against seven other candidates and won in the first round with about 71% of the vote.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 28 April 2002, with a run-off on 12 May. The previous president, Alpha Oumar Konaré, stood down after 10 years in office, having been term limited by the Malian constitution to two terms. Amadou Toumani Touré won the election with 65% of the vote in the second round.
The status and social roles of women in Mali have been formed by the complex interplay of a variety of traditions in ethnic communities, the rise and fall of the great Sahelien states, French colonial rule, independence, urbanisation, and postcolonial conflict and progress. Forming just less than half Mali's population, Malian women have sometimes been the center of matrilineal societies, but have always been crucial to the economic and social structure of this largely rural, agricultural society.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 12 April 1992, with a second round on 26 April. They were the first presidential elections in the country to feature more than one candidate following the reintroduction of multi-party democracy the previous year. The result was a victory for Alpha Oumar Konaré of the Alliance for Democracy in Mali, who defeated Tiéoulé Mamadou Konaté of the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally. Voter turnout was 23.6% in the first round and 20.9% in the second.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mali in 1964. Voters were presented with a single list from the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally (US-RDA), which had been the sole legal party since shortly after independence in 1960. As a result, it won all 80 seats in the National Assembly. According to official results, 99 percent of those who voted approved the US-RDA list. Voter turnout was 88.9%.
General elections were held in Mali on 19 June 1979. They followed a 1974 referendum that approved a new constitution allowing for the direct election of the President for the first time. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Democratic Union of the Malian People (UDPM) as the sole legal party. Its leader, Moussa Traoré, who had overthrown Modibo Keïta in 1968, was the only presidential candidate, and was elected unopposed. In the National Assembly elections several UDPM candidates were able to contest each seat, with 44% of the incumbent MPs defeated. Voter turnout was reported to be 97%.
General elections were held in Mali on 9 June 1985. The country was a one-party state at the time, with the Democratic Union of the Malian People (UDPM) as the sole legal party. Its leader, Moussa Traoré, was the only candidate in the presidential election, and was elected unopposed. In the National Assembly elections several UDPM candidates were able to contest each seat.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mali on 23 February 1992, with a second round in all but 15 constituencies on 1 March. They were the first multi-party elections since independence following a constitutional referendum in January. The elections were boycotted by some groups and voter turnout was just 21.09%. The result was a victory for the Alliance for Democracy in Mali, which won 76 of the 116 seats elected in the country, a further 13 being elected by Malians living abroad.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mali on 20 July 1997, with a second round on 3 August. They followed the April elections, which had been annulled by the Constitutional Court due to "serious irregularities". The result was a victory for the Alliance for Democracy in Mali, which won 128 of the 147 seats elected in the country, a further 13 being elected by Malians living abroad. The elections were boycotted by the National Congress for Democratic Initiative, the Sudanese Union-African Democratic Rally, the Popular Movement for the Development of the Republic of West Africa, the Rally for Democracy and Progress, the Rally for Labour Democracy, the Union of Democratic Forces for Progress and the Malian Union for Democracy and Development. Voter turnout was just 21.6%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mali on 24 November 2013. President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta's party, Rally for Mali, won 66 of the 147 seats in the National Assembly, with its allies winning an additional 49 seats, giving it a substantial majority. The Union for the Republic and Democracy, led by Soumalia Cissé, won 17 seats, becoming the Opposition.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 28 July 2013, with a second round run-off held on 11 August. Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta defeated Soumaïla Cissé in the run-off to become the new President of Mali.
The 2012 Malian coup d'état began on 21 March that year, when mutinying Malian soldiers, displeased with the management of the Tuareg rebellion, attacked several locations in the capital Bamako, including the presidential palace, state television, and military barracks. The soldiers, who said they had formed the National Committee for the Restoration of Democracy and State, declared the following day that they had overthrown the government of Amadou Toumani Touré, forcing him into hiding. The coup was followed by "unanimous" international condemnation, harsh sanctions by Mali's neighbors, and the swift loss of northern Mali to Tuareg forces, leading Reuters to describe the coup as "a spectacular own-goal". On 6 April, the junta agreed with Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) negotiators that they would step down from power in return for the end of sanctions, giving power to a transitional government led by parliament speaker Dioncounda Traoré. In the following days, both Touré and coup leader Amadou Sanogo formally resigned; however, as of 16 May, the junta was still "widely thought to have maintained overall control". On 3 December 2013, a mass grave was discovered in Diago holding the remains of 21 soldiers that went missing the year before, loyal to the ousted president.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 29 July 2018. In July 2018, the Constitutional Court approved the nomination of a total of 24 candidates in the election. As no candidate received more than 50% of the vote in the first round, a runoff was held on 12 August 2018 between the top two candidates, incumbent President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta of the Rally for Mali and Soumaïla Cissé of the Union for the Republic and Democracy. Keïta was subsequently re-elected with 67% of the vote. It was the first time in Malian history that a presidential election was forced into a runoff between incumbent and a challenger.
