Modibo Keïta was the first President of Mali (1960–1968) and the Prime Minister of the Mali Federation. He espoused a form of African socialism.
The Alliance for Democracy and Federation–African Democratic Rally is a liberal political alliance in Burkina Faso, consisting of the Alliance for Democracy and Federation and the former ruling party African Democratic Rally.
The Rassemblement Démocratique Africain, commonly known as the RDA and variously translated as African Democratic Assembly and African Democratic Rally, was a political party in French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa which was important in the decolonization of the French empire. The RDA was composed of different political parties throughout the French colonies in Africa and lasted from 1946 until 1958. At certain points, the RDA was the largest political party in the colonies in Africa and played a key role in the French government headed by the Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR). Although the regional party largely dissolved in 1958 with the independence votes for the colonies, many of the national parties retained the RDA in their name and some continue to do so. The political ideology of the party did not endorse outright secession of colonies from France, but it was anti-colonial and pan-Africanist in its political stances.
The Mali Federation was a federation in West Africa linking the French colonies of Senegal and the Sudanese Republic for a period of only two months in 1960. It was founded on 4 April 1959 as a territory with self-rule within the French Community and became independent after negotiations with France on 20 June 1960. Two months later, on 19 August 1960, the Sudanese Republic leaders in the Mali Federation mobilized the army and Senegal leaders in the federation retaliated by mobilizing the gendarmerie which resulted in a tense stand-off and the withdrawal from the federation by Senegal the next day. The Sudanese Republic officials resisted this dissolution, cut off diplomatic relations with Senegal, and defiantly changed the name of their country to Mali. For the brief existence of the Mali Federation, the premier was Modibo Keïta, who would become the first President of the Republic of Mali after the Mali Federation dissolved, and its government was based in Dakar, Senegal.
The Sudanese Regroupment Party was a political party in French Sudan led by Fily Dabo Sissoko. Politically it represented a conservative traditionalist position, and drew support from traditional chiefs and the colonial administration. It was founded in December 1945 by Sissoko, son of a canton chief, and Hamadoun Dicko, a former canton chief. The party sought gradual independence from France, seeking to preserve the influence of traditional elites.
The Alliance for Democracy in Mali – Pan-African Party for Liberty, Solidarity and Justice is a political party in Mali.
Presidential elections were held in Mali on 29 April 2007. Incumbent president Amadou Toumani Touré ran for re-election against seven other candidates and won in the first round with about 71% of the vote.
A parliamentary election was held in Mali on 1 July 2007 and 22 July. In the first round, there were about 1,400 candidates for 147 seats in the National Assembly.
Parliamentary elections were held in French Sudan on 8 March 1959. The result was a victory for the Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally (US-RDA), which won all 80 seats. Voter turnout was just 32.3%. The following year, French Sudan declared independence as Mali, and was declared a one-party state with the US-RDA as the sole legal party. As a result, these would be the last multi-party elections held in the country until 1992.
General elections were held in Ivory Coast on 27 November 1960 to elect a President and National Assembly. Under the constitution enacted that year, the country was officially a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. Its leader, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, was automatically elected to a five-year term as president and unanimously confirmed in office via a referendum. A single list of PDCI-RDA candidates won all 70 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 95.9% in the parliamentary election and 98.8% in the presidential election.
General elections were held in Ivory Coast on 7 November 1965 to elect a President and National Assembly. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. Its leader Félix Houphouët-Boigny was elected President unopposed, whilst the PDCI-RDA won all 85 seats in the National Assembly. Voter turnout was 99.6%.
General elections were held in Ivory Coast on 29 November 1970 to elect a President and National Assembly. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. Its leader Félix Houphouët-Boigny was elected President unopposed, whilst in the National Assembly election, a list of 100 PDCI-RDA candidates for the 100 seats was presented to the electorate for approval. Voter turnout was reported to be 98.9% in the parliamentary election and 99.2% in the presidential election.
General elections were held in Ivory Coast on 16 November 1975 to elect a President and National Assembly. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. Its leader Félix Houphouët-Boigny was elected President unopposed, whilst in the National Assembly election the PDCI-RDA won all 120 seats. Voter turnout was reported to be 99.3% in the parliamentary election and 99.8% in the presidential election.
Parliamentary elections were held in Ivory Coast on 9 November 1980, with a second round on 23 November. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. Unlike previous elections in which voters approved a single list of PDCI-RDA candidates, this election saw 649 PDCI-RDA candidates contest the 147 seats on a two-round absolute majority basis. 74 candidates were elected in the first round, with the remainder requiring a second round of voting. Only 27 of the incumbent MPs retained their seats. Voter turnout was just 42.6%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Ivory Coast on 10 November 1985. At the time the country was a one-party state with the Democratic Party of Côte d'Ivoire – African Democratic Rally (PDCI-RDA) as the sole legal party. 546 PDCI-RDA candidates contested the 175 seats. Voter turnout was reported to be just 45.7%.
Slavery in Mali exists today, with as many as 200,000 people held in direct servitude to a master. Since 2006, a movement called Temedt has been active in Mali struggling against the persistence of slavery and the discrimination associated with ex-slaves. There were reports that in the Tuareg Rebellion of 2012, ex-slaves were recaptured by their former masters.
The Malian Union for the African Democratic Rally is a political party in Mali led by Bocar Moussa Diarra.
