Matador Automatic Radar Control

Last updated
AN/MPS-19 Performance [1]
Frequency2700-2900 MHz (S-band) with 3 mc bandwidth [2]
PRF 200 pulses/second
Beamwidth 3° beam [3]
Pulsewidth0.8 microseconds
RPM30 cycles/second feedhorn rotation
→20 pulses/cycle conical scan signal
Diameter8 ft reflector [3]
Power137-250 Kw (1mW PEP) [4]

Matador Automatic Radar Control (MARC) was a command guidance system for the Martin MGM-1 Matador ground launched cruise missile that used combination radar/computer/communication centrals ("Q" systems) for ground-directed bombing. As for the earlier ground central used with the X-10 aircraft,* MARC had an "Air Link" from the ground for control and an airborne AN/APW-11A radar transponder on the missile for ranging. [5] A series of "MSQ sites", each with a mobile AN/MSQ-1A control set in 3 vans had an automatic tracking radar to geolocate the Matador up to ~600 nmi (690 mi; 1,100 km). MARC provided command guidance during the "mid-course phase" after Matador/MARC contact was established following [6] the missile launch off the Zero Length Launcher [7] and until an MSQ transmitted the dive ("dump") command to start the flight path toward the target. Originating in the Caltech/Martin "ZEL Project" [8] and developed as part of weapon system "Project MX 771" at the "Air Force Missile Test Center, Cocoa, Florida"; MARC had accuracy at "crossover into enemy territory" of ~500 ft (150 m) [9] guidance, and at an AN/MSQ-1A range of 165 nautical miles (190 mi; 306 km)–a CEP of 2,700 ft (820 m). [6]

Contents

Description

The AN/MSQ-1A was developed by the Reeves Instrument Corporation. Missile was by the Glenn L. Martin Company. Company included the AN/MPS-19 automatic tracking radar and an alternating current analog [8] OA-626 plotting computer/board vice the DC computer of the preceding AN/MSQ-1 Close Support Control Set with AN/MPS-9 & OA-132 plotting computer/board manufactured for Korean War bombing [8] (cf. AN/MSQ-2 also developed by Rome Air Development Center [10] with MPS-9 & DC OA-215.) The AN/MPS-19 was a variant of the radar used in the Western Electric M-33 Antiaircraft Fire Control System that achieved a longer MARC range via circuitry for receiving the beacon return from an airborne transponder. [7] Instead of, or in addition to, Matador Automatic Radar Control, the last Matador variant (TM-61C) added SHANICLE [7] passive radio guidance. [6]

Mid-course guidance

MARC guided the Matador to the dive point (or to the "SHANICLE hyperbolic zone") [6] by a directional control signal to the Matador "spoilers" for momentarily deflecting wing airflow to slightly redirect the course of the missile. The OA-626 computed both the missile's course and the direction of the desired destination from the missile position, and the MARC repeated spoiler signals to reduce the difference.[ citation needed ] For MARC-commanded dives, an initial point was used as a preliminary destination to ensure the Matador subsequently had the necessary general direction of flight for the dive toward the target. During the final cruise prior to the dive, MARC continually predicted the dive point based on any variations of missile velocity measured by the MPS-19–as well as the corresponding nominal time and displacement[ citation needed ] expected during the upcoming dive When the Matador was acceptably near the "point predicted by the MARC", the dump command was initiated and the missile was self-controlled during the "semi-ballistic transonic dive" with zero lift [6] to the detonation point near the target. A similar Vietnam War successor that instead predicted a bomb release point by computing a free-fall bomb trajectory was the 1965 AN/MSQ-77 Bomb Directing Central and its variants.

Radar stations

The 1st AN/MSQ-1A was at "Site Rose" next to Patrick Air Force Base hangars in 1956, and MARC maintenance training had begun at Orlando Air Force Base by 1957. Numerous overseas MARC radar stations downrange of the various Matador launch sites included the Germany tactical air-direction posts ("TDPs") such as the Operating Location (OL) of the 601st Tactical Control Squadron (a training site was at Bann, near Ramstein):

The TAC Control Squadron crews were repeatedly exercised by "Quick Reaction Alert" using T-33 Shooting Star aircraft to simulate the planned Matador flight paths, and the T-33 became evident during the exercise when the radar operator observed the aircraft transponder returning "two blips on the same Scan" instead of 1 as with an actual Matador in flight. During "Annual Missile Launch Operations", Matador units from Germany at Wheelus Air Base in Libya conducted test firings[ clarification needed ] until after the phase-out of the Matador began in 1959 [12] (the TM-61C Matador was retired on September 25, 1962.) [13]

Subsequent uses

AN/MSQ-1A centrals were subsequently used for other missions such as measuring the location of sensor aircraft during nuclear tests, e.g. 1962 F-100F Super Sabre "Small Boy" testing, on Tarawa atoll for Operation Argus, during Operation Teapot at the Nevada Proving Ground and for ranges at Tyndall AFB, Fallon Range Training Complex, and the Tonopah Test Range. Radar stations using the MSQ-1A for Radar Bomb Scoring included the Hawthorne Bomb Plot and a Korea military installation that also provided command guidance of C-47s.

Until equipped with the N-6 inertial navigation system, the various North American RTV-A-5/X-10 research drones for the Navaho missile program carried AN/APW-11 radar transponder avionics for tracking by a ground radar[ specify ] to allow–during the autopilot's "automatic stable flight"– command guidance by radio control via an AN/ARW-56 airborne receiver that processed commands from the AN/ARW-55 transmitter at the radar station.

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References

  1. ↑ Table A-4 "Radar Characteristics" in Barry, J. R. (February 1973). Angel Clutter and the ASR Air Traffic Control Radar (Report). Federal Aviation Administration. Report No. FAA-RD-73-158, 1
  2. ↑ "AN/MSQ-1A has 3-mc bandwidth, requires power source of 208v ac, 12 kw, and is used with AN/MPS-19 and AN/MRC-45"
  3. 1 2 MIL-HDBK-162A, December 15, 1965, retrieved August 13, 2024
  4. ↑ AN/MPQ-61 HAWK High Power Illuminator Radar (HIPIR) , retrieved August 13, 2024
  5. ↑ Cleary, Mark C. "Chapter II, Section I: MATADOR Operations Through 1954". The 6555th: Missile and Space Launches Through 1970 (Report). Patrick Air Force Base: 45 Space Wing Office of History. Retrieved 2013-04-02. The MARC employed a … ground radar to track an AN/APW-11 control beacon mounted in the MATADOR. … the 1st Pilotless Bomber Squadron departed Patrick for Germany on March 9th [1954] the 69th [Pilotless Bomber Squadron on] 15 September 1954…departed for Germany (cited by Midling/Bolton)
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Engineering Report 7371 (Report). Glenn L. Martin [Company]. 15 Jun 1955.Cited by: Standard Missile Characteristics: TM-61A & C, MATADOR, 4 Sep 1956, p. 4, audio-modulated sources from AN/MSQ-1 - AN/APW-11A radar … MARC Guidance … MID-COURSE: MARC (AN/MSQ-1 radar track; AN/APW-11A airborne beacon) … CEP…165 n. mi….2700 ft … Maximum Guidance Range using MARC equipment is limited to 175 n. mi. … MARC system…ground based mobil transmitter … A semi-ballistic transonic dive begins at the "dump" point predicted by the MARC mid-course guidance equipment.)
  7. 1 2 3 Lanning, Lt Col Randall L. (1992). United States Air Force Ground Launched Cruise Missiles (Report). Air War College. MARC (Manual Airborne Radio Control). It used an AN/MSQ-I mobile ground radar set and an AN/APW-IIA airborne radar assembly (12:129). … "Mace A" … MM-1 Teracruzer … TM-61C Missile Operations Handbook, undated, published by the 701st TMW. … TM-76A Training Plan, Document No. TODO-30021, 9 Mar 61.
  8. 1 2 3 Midling, George; Bolton, Robert. U.S. Air Force Tactical Missiles.
  9. ↑ Tranberg, Thomas V. (19 February 1957). Development of the E6 Gas Warhead for the B-61A Matador Pilotless Bomber (Report). Vol. 2075. Directorate of Development, Army Chemical Center, Maryland. the accuracy with which the point of crossover into enemy territory can be ascertained within 500 ft. for "MSQ-1 to target"
  10. ↑ Forty Years of Research and Development at Griffis Air Force Base (PDF)
  11. ↑ "Shadow box".
  12. ↑ "USAF Martin Matador Missile Rocket (Promo Model 1955-58) | #118046871".
  13. ↑ "11th Tactical Missile Squadron". Sembach Air Base Germany: Headquarters - 38th Tactical Missile Wing. Mace-B.com. Retrieved 2013-04-02. The 11th TMS was originally activated 17 June 1954 at Orlando AFB, Florida, as the 11th Pilotless Bomber Squadron, 9th Air Force (TAC). The unit was redesignated the 11th Tactical Missile Squadron on 08 June 1955 … On 15 September 1956, the 7382nd Tactical Missile Group was inactivated and replaced by the newly activated 587th Tactical Missile Group
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