Melanotaenia is a genus of rainbowfish from Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, and nearby smaller islands.
The Arfak rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to West Papua in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss. It grows to a length of about 8 cm.
Boeseman's rainbowfish, also known as the Boesemani rainbowfish, is a species of fish in the family Melanotaeniidae.
The Waigeo rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to West Papua in Indonesia. It reaches a maximum length of around 7.5 cm. This species was described as Rhombatractus catherinae in 1910 by Lieven Ferdinand de Beaufort|de Beaufort from a type locality which was given as a rivulet flowing into the Rabial River in Waigeo. de Beaufort gave this species the specific name catherinae to honour his wife, Catherine, who had assisted him on the expedition on which the type was collected.
The corona rainbowfish is a species of fish in the family Melanotaeniidae. It is endemic to West Papua in Indonesia. Only two specimens of this rainbowfish have ever been collected, both males from the Sermowai River in Irian Jaya, Indonesia, which were collected in 1911 by K. Gjellerup.
The Lake Eacham rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniidae which was thought to be endemic to Yidyam, Queensland, Australia but has proven to have a wider range.
The slender rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae which is endemic to Australia. It occurs in the extreme north of Western Australia in the systems of the Drysdale and King Edward Rivers.
The Strickland rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea where it is only known to occur in the Logatyu River, a tributary of the Strickland River, in the Fly River system. It is currently known from only five specimens collected in 1984 by D. Gwyther and it was described by Gerald R. Allen in 1987.
The Lake Kutubu rainbowfish is a species of fish in the family Melanotaeniidae. It is also known as turquoise rainbowfish. It is endemic to Lake Kutubu in the Kikori River system, Papua New Guinea.
Mayland's rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to West Papua in Indonesia, where it is known only from a small stream a few km east of Danau Bira.
The Misool rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to Misool in West Papua, Indonesia. They occur in moderately streams with relatively fast currents and clear water which flow through primary rainforest. This species was described in 1982 by Gerald R. Allen from specimens collected in the tributary of Wai Tama at Fakal, Misool Island, Indonesia, from a series of types collected by Maurits Anne Lieftinck in 1948 and deposited in the Zoological Museum of the University of Amsterdam. The species was introduced to the Aquarium trade by Heiko Bleher in 2001.
The mountain rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea, where it occurs in the Southern Highlands between Mendi and Lake Kutubu, in the Purari River system.
Ogilby's rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to West Papua in Indonesia in the Lorentz River system. This species was described in 1910 by Max C.W. Weber from types collected in the Noord-Fluss, now renamed the Lorentz River, by the Dutch explorer Hendrikus Albertus Lorentz in 1907, it was not recorded again until Gerald R. Allen collected more specimens in 1995 and the species was later introduced to the aquarium hobby. Its specific name honours the ichthyologist James Douglas Ogilby (1853-1925).
The Oktedi rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to the Ok Tedi River, part of the Fly River system in southern Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is rivers.
The Lake Kurumoi rainbowfish is a species of freshwater rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to West Papua in Indonesia. Its natural habitat is only the small Lake Kurumoi in the Bird's Head Peninsula. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The dwarf rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae, also commonly known as the neon rainbowfish. It is endemic to the Mamberamo River basin in West Papua in Indonesia and common in the aquarium trade.
The pygmy rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to Australia.
The Fly River rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae family. It is endemic to the Upper Fly River in Papua New Guinea.
Van Heurn's rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish in the subfamily Melanotaeniinae. It is endemic to West Papua in Indonesia. The specific name honours the Dutch zoologist Willem Cornelis van Heurn (1887-1972).
The black-banded rainbowfish is a species of rainbowfish belonging to the subfamily Melanotaeniidae. The species is endemic to Australia. Importantly, the species is the type species of the genus Melanotaenia.
