Howler monkeys are among the largest of the New World monkeys. They are famous for their loud howls, which can travel three miles through dense rainforest. These monkeys are native to South and Central American forests. Threats to howler monkeys include human predation, habitat destruction and being captured for pets or zoo animals. Fifteen species are currently recognized. Previously classified in the family Cebidae, they are now placed in the family Atelidae.
The Ecuadorian mantled howler is a subspecies of the mantled howler, A. palliata. It ranges from Panama through Colombia and Ecuador into northern Peru. The range limits between the Ecuadorian mantled howler and the golden-mantled howler are not entirely clear. The Ecuadorian mantled howler replaces the Golden-mantled howler in either extreme eastern Costa Rica or western Panama. The Ecuadorian mantled howler differs from the golden-mantled howler primarily by being paler, with a more yellowish mantle.
The golden-mantled howler is a subspecies of the mantled howler, A. palliata. It ranges throughout much of Central America, in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica, and possibly Panama. The range limits between the golden-mantled howler and the Ecuadorian mantled howler are not entirely clear. The Ecuadorian mantled howler replaces the golden-mantled howler in either extreme eastern Costa Rica or western Panama.
The Mexican howler is a subspecies of the mantled howler, A. palliata. This subspecies is found predominantly in forests between south eastern Mexico and north eastern Peru. Typical of its species, the Mexican howler monkey has a prehensile tail, a deep jaw, and a large pharynx which it uses to make characteristically deep and resonating howls.
Fabula palliata is a genre of Roman drama that consists largely of Romanized versions of Greek plays. Palliata comes from pallium, the Latin word for a Greek-style cloak. It is possible that the term fabula palliata indicates that the actors who performed wore such cloaks. Another possibility is that the fabula itself is metaphorically "cloaked" in a Greek style. As in all Roman drama, the actors wore masks that easily identified which of the stock characters they represented.
Chlanidota palliata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
Adamsia palliata is a species of sea anemone in the family Hormathiidae. It is usually found growing on a gastropod shell inhabited by the hermit crab, Pagurus prideaux. The anemone often completely envelops the shell and because of this it is commonly known as the cloak anemone or the hermit-crab anemone.
The Magdalena antbird is a species of bird in the family Thamnophilidae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Menesia is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
A fabula togata is a Latin comedy in a Roman setting, in existence since at least the second century B.C. Lucius Afranius and Titus Quinctius Atta are known to have written fabulae togatae. It is also treated as an expression that functioned as the overall description of all Roman types of drama in accordance with a distinction between Roman toga and Greek pallium. There are recorded sources that cite how this drama could be obscene and moralistic.
Menesia bimaculata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954. It is known from Borneo.
Menesia immaculipennis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1954.
Menesia nigra is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1922. It is known from Borneo.
Menesia nigriceps is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1903. It contains the varietas Menesia nigriceps var. inhumeralis.
Menesia niveoguttata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Per Olof Christopher Aurivillius in 1925. It is known from Borneo.
Menesia pulchella is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867. It is known from Malaysia, Borneo and Singapore.
Menesia livia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe in 1867. It is known from Moluccas.
Menesia bipunctata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Zoubkov in 1829, originally under the genus Saperda. It has a wide distribution in Europe and Asia. It measures between 6 to 9 mm. It feeds on Juglans regia and Frangula alnus.
Menesia calliope is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by James Thomson in 1879. It is known from Malaysia.
Menesia sulphurata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gebler in 1825, originally under the genus Saperda. It is known from Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Japan, China, and Russia.
