Michael Thomas Justesen | |
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Born | May 17, 1950 |
Known for | Former member of the SLF, SDS , and Weather Underground Organization |
Michael Justesen (born May 17, 1950) is a former member of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), the Seattle Liberation Front (SLF) and Weather Underground Organization (WUO). Nowadays there is no information on where he is
Two different sources give conflicting places of birth for Michael Justesen. According to the FBI Surveillance Files, Justesen was born in Sacramento, California. However, Michael Justesen was born in Seattle, Washington, according to Susan Stern, the author of With the Weathermen: The Personal Journal of a Revolutionary Woman. Justesen attended the University of Washington as a freshman in 1968. Justesen's first involvement with politics was participating in the University of Washington draft resistance in 1968, and he consequently withdrew from the university to devote all his time to the revolution. He became active in SDS soon after. [1]
Justesen was a part of the SDS leadership in the Seattle collective. [2] From August to mid September 1969, Justesen traveled to Japan to attend the Second International Anti-Imperialist Conference to make contact with "Red Army" student activists. [3] [4] The focus of the conference was opposition to the United States in Vietnam and Korea and support for the Vietnamese people. [3] On October 8–11, 1969, Justesen volunteered to co-ordinate and send bail for SDS members from Seattle who were in Chicago, Illinois for the protest demonstrations for "Days of Rage." [5] Justesen attended the "War Council" meetings in Flint, Michigan on December 27–31, 1969. [6]
Michael Justesen played a leading role in the Seattle Weatherman collective. On December 1, 1969, Justesen led a group which attacked the University of Washington Army ROTC. [7]
Justesen attended the Seattle Liberation Front's first meeting on January 19, 1970, which was led by the visiting University of Washington philosophy professor Michael Lerner. [8] Susan Stern, the author of With the Weatherman, wrote "The SLF was based on premises exactly opposite to Weatherman, and we were not invited to the first meeting, or to any others for that matter." [8] In response to the Chicago 7 Trial verdict, the SLF issued a call for people to shut down the Seattle Federal Courthouse on February 17, 1970. Dozens of people were arrested, not including Justesen.[ citation needed ]
On April 16, 1970, a federal grand jury in Seattle indicted eight people for conspiracy to cause damage to Federal property during "The Day After." Justesen was charged along with Susan Stern, Roger Lippman, Joe Kelly, Jeff Dowd, Michael Lerner, Chip Marshall, and Mike Abeles. Justesen went underground in early 1970 before the trial began. [9] The remaining members charged were called the Seattle 7. Judge Boldt declared a mistrial "because the defendants have seriously prejudiced themselves." [10]
Michael Justesen's fingerprints as well as Karen Ashley, Naomi Jaffe, Bill Ayers, Julie Nichamin, and 16 other Weather Underground member's prints were found by FBI in an abandoned apartment dubbed "Pine Street Bomb Factory" in San Francisco, California. Weather Underground members used the apartment during April 1970 to mid April 1971. FBI inspections found explosives and bomb making paraphernalia. [11]
The Puget Sound Partisan was a publication that identified with the Seattle Liberation Front. In the July 15, 1979 edition, volume 1, #1 a letter from Justesen was published which expressed his feelings.
The Weather Underground was a far-left Marxist militant organization first active in 1969, founded on the Ann Arbor campus of the University of Michigan. Originally known as the Weathermen, the group was organized as a faction of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) national leadership. Officially known as the Weather Underground Organization (WUO) beginning in 1970, the group's express political goal was to create a revolutionary party to overthrow the United States government, which WUO believed to be imperialist.
The Seattle Liberation Front, or SLF, was a radical anti-Vietnam War movement, based in Seattle, Washington, in the United States. The group, founded by the University of Washington visiting philosophy professor and political activist Michael Lerner, carried out its protest activities from 1970 to 1971. The most famous members of the SLF were the "Seattle Seven," who were charged with "conspiracy to incite a riot" in the wake of a violent protest at a courthouse. The members of the Seattle Seven were Lerner, Michael Abeles, Jeff Dowd, Joe Kelly, Susan Stern, Roger Lippman and Charles Marshall III.
Bernardine Rae Dohrn is a retired American law professor and a former leader of the far-left militant organization Weather Underground in the United States. As a leader of the Weather Underground in the early 1970s, Dohrn was on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted list for several years. She remained a fugitive, even though she was removed from the list. After coming out of hiding in 1980, Dohrn pleaded guilty to misdemeanor charges of aggravated battery and bail jumping.
Mark William Rudd is an American political organizer, mathematics instructor, anti-war activist and counterculture icon who was involved with the Weather Underground in the 1960s.
The Days of Rage were a series of protests during three days in October 1969 in Chicago, organized by the emerging Weatherman faction of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).
Susan Ellen (Tanenbaum) Stern was an American political activist. She was a member of the prominent anti-Vietnam War groups Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), Weatherman and the Seattle Liberation Front (SLF).
Cathlyn Platt Wilkerson, known as Cathy Wilkerson, is an American far-left radical who was a member of the 1970s radical group called the Weather Underground Organization (WUO). She came to the attention of the police when she was leaving the townhouse belonging to her father after it was destroyed by an explosion on March 6, 1970. Members of WUO had been constructing a nail bomb in the basement of the building, intending to use it in an attack on a non-commissioned officers dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey that night. Wilkerson, already free on bail for her involvement in the Chicago "Days of Rage" riots, avoided capture for 10 years. She surrendered in 1980 and pleaded guilty to unlawful possession of dynamite. She was sentenced to up to three years in prison and served 11 months.
Linda Sue Evans is an American radical leftist, who was convicted in connection with violent and deadly militant activities committed as part of her goal to free African-Americans from white oppression. Evans was sentenced in 1987 to 40 years in prison for using false identification to buy firearms and for harboring a fugitive in the 1981 Brinks armored truck robbery, in which two police officers and a guard were killed, and Black Liberation Army members were wounded. In a second case, she was sentenced in 1990 to five years in prison for conspiracy and malicious destruction in connection with eight bombings including the 1983 United States Senate bombing. Her sentence was commuted in 2001 by President Bill Clinton because of its extraordinary length.
Naomi Esther Jaffe is a former undergraduate student of Herbert Marcuse and member of the Weather Underground Organization. Jaffe was recently the Executive Director of Holding Our Own, a multiracial foundation for women.
Christopher Lynn "Kit" Bakke is an American activist. In the 1960s, she fought for women's rights and civil rights in addition to protesting the Vietnam War. In college, she helped to establish a new chapter of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). Later, she became a member of the Weathermen, also called the Weather Underground, a militant leftist group.
Brian Flanagan is an American former militant and activist who was a member of the radical left organizations Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Weather Underground Organization (WUO).
Dianne Marie Donghi is a French former member of Students for a Democratic Society and Weatherman (organization).
Howard Norton Machtinger is a former director of Carolina Teaching Fellows, a student teacher scholarship program at the University of North Carolina. He is an education and civil rights activist, a teacher, a forum leader, and a political commentator. Machtinger is a former member of Students For a Democratic Society and Weatherman.
Scott Braley was a leftist activist and a regional organizer for the Michigan State University's chapter of the Students for a Democratic Society, better known as SDS. Braley became a member of Weatherman in 1969 and remained so until the group disbanded in 1977. Braley was one of the original members of the Revolutionary Youth Movement, a group devoted to anti-racism and Third World struggles which later evolved into Weatherman.
Phoebe Elizabeth Hirsch is a former member of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and Weatherman (WUO).
The Flint War Council was a series of meetings of the Weather Underground Organization (WUO) and associates in Flint, Michigan, that took place from 27 December 1969 to 31 December 1969. During these meetings, the decisions were made for the WUO to go underground, to "engage in guerilla warfare against the U.S. government," and to abolish Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).
Roger Henry Lippman is an American political activist. He was a member of the anti-Vietnam War groups Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Seattle collective of Weatherman. He is most commonly noted as a member of the Seattle Seven, who was accused of, and tried for, conspiracy charges in 1970.
The Weather Underground organized collectives around the United States in an attempt "to challenge the state directly in solidarity with Third World liberation movements, particularly the Black Power movement in the United States and the Vietnamese in Southeast Asia." Collectives organized the white working class against imperialism by holding militant demonstrations and engaging in small scale property damage.