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The Weather Underground was a far-left militant organization first active in 1969, founded on the Ann Arbor campus of the University of Michigan. Originally known as the Weathermen, the group was organized as a faction of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) national leadership. Officially known as the Weather Underground Organization (WUO) beginning in 1970, the group's express political goal was to create a revolutionary party to overthrow the United States government, which WUO believed to be imperialist.
Bernardine Rae Dohrn is a retired law professor and a former leader of the far-left militant organization Weather Underground in the United States. As a leader of the Weather Underground in the early 1970s, Dohrn was on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted list for several years. She remained a fugitive, even though she was removed from the list. After coming out of hiding in 1980, Dohrn pleaded guilty to misdemeanor charges of aggravated battery and bail jumping.
Mark William Rudd is an American political organizer, mathematics instructor, anti-war activist and counterculture icon who got involved with the Weather Underground in the 1960s.
The Days of Rage were a series of protests during three days in October 1969 in Chicago, organized by the emerging Weatherman faction of Students for a Democratic Society.
Diana Oughton was an American member of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) Michigan Chapter and later, a member of the 1960s radical group Weather Underground. Oughton received her B.A. from Bryn Mawr College. After graduation, Oughton went to Guatemala with the American Friends Service Committee program to teach the young and older Native Americans.
Cathlyn Platt Wilkerson, known as Cathy Wilkerson, is an American far-left radical who was a member of the 1970s radical group called the Weather Underground Organization (WUO). She came to the attention of the police when she was leaving the townhouse belonging to her father after it was destroyed by an explosion on March 6, 1970. Members of WUO had been constructing a nail bomb in the basement of the building, intending to use it in an attack on a non-commissioned officers dance at Fort Dix, New Jersey that night. Wilkerson, already free on bail for her involvement in the Chicago "Days of Rage" riots, avoided capture for 10 years. She surrendered in 1980 and pleaded guilty to unlawful possession of dynamite. She was sentenced to up to three years in prison and served 11 months.
Jeff Jones is an environmental activist and consultant in Upstate New York. He was a national officer in Students for a Democratic Society, a founding member of Weatherman, and a leader of the Weather Underground.
Terry Robbins was an American far left activist, a key member of the Ohio Students for a Democratic Society, and one of the three Weathermen who died in the Greenwich Village townhouse explosion.
Naomi Esther Jaffe is a former undergraduate student of Herbert Marcuse and member of the Weather Underground Organization. Jaffe was recently the Executive Director of Holding Our Own, a multiracial foundation for women.
Brian Flanagan is an Irish-American former member of the American radical left organizations Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and the Weather Underground Organization (WUO).
John Gregory Jacobs was an American student and anti-war activist in the 1960s and early 1970s. He was a leader in both Students for a Democratic Society and the Weatherman group, and an advocate of the use of violent force to overthrow the government of the United States. A fugitive since 1970, he died of melanoma in 1997.
William Charles Ayers is an American retired professor and activist. During the 1960s, Ayers rose to prominence as a leader of the Weather Underground militant group, described by the FBI as a terrorist group.
Dianne Marie Donghi is a French former member of Students for a Democratic Society and Weatherman (organization).
Robert Roth was an active member in the anti-war, anti-racism and anti-imperialism movements of the 1960s and 70s, and key member of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) political movement in the Columbia University Chapter in New York, where he eventually presided. Later, as a member of the Weatherman/Weather Underground Organization he used militant tactics to oppose the Vietnam War and racism. After the war ended, Roth surfaced from his underground status and has been involved in a variety of social causes to this day.
Eleanor E. Raskin was a member of the Weathermen. She is currently an adjunct instructor at Albany Law School. She was an administrative law judge at the New York State Public Service Commission.
Phoebe Hirsch is a former member of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and Weatherman (WUO).
Michael Justesen is a former member of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), the Seattle Liberation Front (SLF) and Weather Underground Organization (WUO).
The Flint War Council was a series of meetings of the Weather Underground Organization (WUO) and associates in Flint, Michigan, that took place from 27–31 December 1969. During these meetings, the decisions were made for the WUO to go underground, to "engage in guerilla warfare against the U.S. government," and to abolish Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).
Jailbreaks were demonstrations staged by members of Weatherman during the summer and fall of 1969 in an effort to recruit high school and community college students to join their movement against the United States government and its policies.
References
- Ayers, Bill, et al. "You Don't Need a Weatherman to Know Which Way the Wind Blows." New Left Notes, July 18, 1969. Retrieved from www.sds-1960s.org November 2008.
- Berger, Dan. Outlaws of America. (AK Press, 2006).
- Branegan, Jay. "Ex-Radical Gives Up to Face Mob Charges." Chicago Tribune, May 12, 1978.
- Jacobs, Harold. Weatherman. (Ramparts Press, 1970).
- Jacobs, Ron. The Way the Wind Blew: A History of the Weather Underground. (New York: Verso, 1997)
- Janson, Donald. "300 Stage Sit-In at the U. of Chicago: Refusal to Rehire Teacher of Sociology Protested." New York Times. January 31, 1969.
- FBI Files: Weather Underground Organization (Weathermen) Retrieved from http://foia.fbi.gov November 15, 2008.
- Raskin, Jonah. The Weather Eye; Communiques from the Weather Underground May 1970-May 1974. Union Square Press, 1974.
- "Teaching Fellows to Work in Schools and Communities." The Carolina Slate. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (Summer/Fall 1999).
- The Weather Underground: report of the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, first session. January 1975.
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of African American Research. http://www.unc.edu/iaar/YR/yr2005/yr2005present3.htm
