In bacteriology, gram-positive bacteria are bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test, which is traditionally used to quickly classify bacteria into two broad categories according to their type of cell wall.
Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) are a group of microorganisms that, under certain conditions, facilitate the removal of large amounts of phosphorus from their environments. The most studied example of this phenomenon is in polyphosphate-accumulating bacteria (PAB) found in a type of wastewater processing known as enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR), however phosphate hyperaccumulation has been found to occur in other conditions such as soil and marine environments, as well as in non-bacterial organisms such as fungi and algae. PAOs accomplish this removal of phosphate by accumulating it within their cells as polyphosphate. PAOs are by no means the only microbes that can accumulate phosphate within their cells and in fact, the production of polyphosphate is a widespread ability among microbes. However, PAOs have many characteristics that other organisms that accumulate polyphosphate do not have that make them amenable to use in wastewater treatment. Specifically, in the case of classical PAOs, is the ability to consume simple carbon compounds without the presence of an external electron acceptor by generating energy from internally stored polyphosphate and glycogen. Most other bacteria cannot consume under these conditions and therefore PAOs gain a selective advantage within the mixed microbial community present in the activated sludge. Therefore, wastewater treatment plants that operate for enhanced biological phosphorus removal have an anaerobic tank prior to the other tanks to give PAOs preferential access to the simple carbon compounds in the wastewater that is influent to the plant.
The Gemmatimonadota are a phylum of bacteria established in 2003. The phylum contains two classes Gemmatimonadetes and Longimicrobia.
The Chloroflexota are a phylum of bacteria containing isolates with a diversity of phenotypes, including members that are aerobic thermophiles, which use oxygen and grow well in high temperatures; anoxygenic phototrophs, which use light for photosynthesis ; and anaerobic halorespirers, which uses halogenated organics as electron acceptors.
Bacterial phyla constitute the major lineages of the domain Bacteria. While the exact definition of a bacterial phylum is debated, a popular definition is that a bacterial phylum is a monophyletic lineage of bacteria whose 16S rRNA genes share a pairwise sequence identity of ~75% or less with those of the members of other bacterial phyla.
Gemmatimonas aurantiaca is a Gram-negative, aerobic, polyphosphate-accumulating micro-organism. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped aerobe, with type strain T-27T. It replicates by budding.
Thermacetogenium phaeum is a bacterium, the type species of its genus. It is strictly anaerobic, thermophilic, syntrophic and acetate-oxidizing. Its cells are gram-positive, endospore-forming and rod-shaped. Its type strain is PBT. It has a potential biotechnological role.
"Syntrophothermus lipocalidus" is a bacterium, the type species and only currently described species in its genus. It is thermophilic, syntrophic, fatty-acid-oxidizing and anaerobic, and utilises isobutyrate. TGB-C1T is its type strain. Its genome has been fully sequenced.
Roseburia inulinivorans is a bacterium first isolated from human faeces. It is anaerobic, Gram-positive or Gram-variable, slightly curved rod-shaped and motile. The cells range in size from 0.5-1.5 to 5.0 micrometres. A2-194(T) is the type strain.
Novosphingobium pentaromativorans is a species of high-molecular-mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium. It is Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented and halophilic. With type strain US6-1T. Its genome has been sequenced.
Microlunatus luteolus is a Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic actinomycete.
Microlunatus sagamiharensis is a Gram-positive, non-motile, aerobic actinomycete.
Phycicoccus elongatus is a polyphosphate-accumulating bacterium. It is meso-diaminopimelic acid-containing, gram-positive, asporogenous oval- to rod-shaped and an aerobic chemoheterotroph.
Leuconostoc citreum is a vancomycin-resistant, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium, with type strain NCDO 1837. Its genome has been sequenced.
Pelotomaculum is a Gram-positive strictly anaerobic, mesophilic, thermophilic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Peptococcaceae.
Microlunatus is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, mesophilic, aerobic and non-motile bacterial genus from the family of Propionibacteriaceae.
Micropruina glycogenica is a Gram-positive and non-spore-forming bacterium which has been isolated from activated sludge in Japan.
Propionicimonas is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming and facultatively anaerobic bacterial genus from the family Propionibacteriaceae.
Janibacter is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming bacteria. The genus name is derived from the two-faced Roman god Janus, referring to the fact that the cells of the original strain could be rod-shaped or coccoid.
Eggarthella lenta is a Gram-positive, anaerobic species of bacteria which comprises part of the human microbiome. It has been found in the human gastrointestinal tract, female reproductive system and male prostate. Occasionally it can cause disease by spreading to other areas, including bloodstream infections, liver abscesses, bacterial vaginosis and meningitis.
