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Klebsiella is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria with a prominent polysaccharide-based capsule.
Corynebacterium is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-positive and most are aerobic. They are bacilli (rod-shaped), and in some phases of life they are, more specifically, club-shaped, which inspired the genus name.
Halomonadaceae is a family of halophilic Proteobacteria.
Providencia is genus of Gram-negative, motile bacteria of the family Morganellaceae. It was named after Providence, Rhode Island, where C. A. Stuart and colleagues studied these bacteria at Brown University.
Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.
Cronobacter sakazakii, which before 2007 was named Enterobacter sakazakii, is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that can live in very dry places. The majority of Cronobacter sakazakii cases are adults but low-birth-weight preterm neonatal and older infants are highest at risk. The disease is associated with a rare cause of invasive infection infants with historically high case fatality rates (40–80%).
The genus Lysobacter belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae within the Gammaproteobacteria and includes at least 46 named species, including: Lysobacter enzymogenes, L. antibioticus, L. gummosus, L. brunescens, L. defluvii, L. niabensis, L. niastensis, L. daejeonensis, L. yangpyeongensis, L. koreensis, L. concretionis, L. spongiicola, and L. capsici. Lysobacter spp. were originally grouped with myxobacteria because they shared the distinctive trait of gliding motility, but they uniquely display a number of traits that distinguish them from other taxonomically and ecologically related microbes including high genomic G+C content and the lack of flagella. The feature of gliding motility alone has piqued the interest of many, since the role of gliding bacteria in soil ecology is poorly understood. In addition, while a number of different mechanisms have been proposed for gliding motility among a wide range of bacterial species, the genetic mechanism in Lysobacter remains unknown. Members of the Lysobacter group have gained broad interest for production of extracellular enzymes. The group is also regarded as a rich source for production of novel antibiotics, such as β-lactams containing substituted side chains, macrocyclic lactams and macrocyclic peptide or depsipeptide antibiotics like the katanosins.
Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D-maltose. Cronobacter spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation. The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov.
Arcanobacterium is a genus of bacteria. They are gram-positive, non–acid fast, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, and non–endospore forming. They are widely distributed in nature in the microbiota of animals and are mostly innocuous. Some can cause disease in humans and other animals. As with various species of a microbiota, they usually are not pathogenic but can occasionally opportunistically capitalize on atypical access to tissues or weakened host defenses.
Streptococcus equinus is a Gram-positive, nonhemolytic, nonpathogenic, lactic acid bacterium of the genus Streptococcus. It is the principal Streptococcus found in the alimentary canal of a horse, and makes up the majority of the bacterial flora in horse feces. S. equinus is seldom found in humans. Equivalence with Streptococcus bovis has been contested.
Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Staphylococcaceae from the order Bacillales. Under the microscope, they appear spherical (cocci), and form in grape-like clusters. Staphylococcus species are facultative anaerobic organisms.
Deinococcus is in the monotypic family Deinococcaceae, and one genus of three in the order Deinococcales of the bacterial phylum Deinococcota highly resistant to environmental hazards. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them Gram-positive stains, but they include a second membrane and so are closer in structure to Gram-negative bacteria. Deinococcus survive when their DNA is exposed to high doses of gamma and UV radiation. Whereas other bacteria change their structure in the presence of radiation, such as by forming endospores, Deinococcus tolerate it without changing their cellular form and do not retreat into a hardened structure. They are also characterized by the presence of the carotenoid pigment deinoxanthin that give them their pink color. They are usually isolated according to these two criteria. In August 2020, scientists reported that bacteria from Earth, particularly Deinococcus bacteria, were found to survive for three years in outer space, based on studies conducted on the International Space Station. These findings support the notion of panspermia, the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed in various ways, including space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids or contaminated spacecraft.
Arcobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacteria in the class Epsilonproteobacteria. It shows an unusually wide range of habitats, and some species can be human and animal pathogens. Species of the genus Arcobacter are found in both animal and environmental sources, making it unique among the epsilonproteobacteria. This genus currently consists of five species: A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus, A. skirrowii, A. nitrofigilis, and A. sulfidicus, although several other potential novel species have recently been described from varying environments. Three of these five known species are pathogenic. Members of this genus were first isolated in 1977 from aborted bovine fetuses. They are aerotolerant, Campylobacter-like organisms, previously classified as Campylobacter. The genus Arcobacter, in fact, was created as recently as 1992. Although they are similar to this other genus, Arcobacter species can grow at lower temperatures than Campylobacter, as well as in the air, which Campylobacter cannot.
Polynucleobacter is a genus of Proteobacteria, originally established by Heckmann and Schmidt (1987) to exclusively harbor obligate endosymbionts of ciliates belonging to the genus Euplotes.
Shewanella haliotis, a species of rod-shaped, Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacteria, was first isolated from the gut microflora of abalones collected from the ocean near Yeosu, South Korea, by Kim et al. in 2007. Further studies showed the cells to be catalase- and oxidase-positive. The species epithet haliotis is a reference to the genus name of abalones, Haliotis.
Arcanobacterium hippocoleae is a species of bacteria. It is a gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, club-shaped (coryneform) species first isolated from a vaginal discharge of a horse. The type strain of A. hippocoleae is CCUG 44697T.
Alkaliphilus transvaalensis is an extremely alkaliphilic bacterium. Its cells are straight to slightly curved rods, motile by flagella and form endospores. Its type strain is SAGM1T.
Enterococcus raffinosus is a species of Enterococcus.
Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped species of bacteria. Strains of this species were originally isolated from an anaerobic digester used to treat wastewater from a tofu farm. The species is thermophilic and can grow at a temperature of 49.5 °C.
Brachybacterium is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile bacteria. The cells are coccoid during the stationary phase, and irregular rods during the exponential phase. The genus name comes from Greek word brachy, meaning short, and Latin bacterium, meaning rods, referencing the short rods noted during the exponential phase.
References
- ↑ Spiegel, C. A.; Roberts, M. (1984). "Mobiluncus gen. nov., Mobiluncus curtisii subsp. curtisii sp. nov., Mobiluncus curtisii subsp. holmesii subsp. nov., and Mobiluncus mulieris sp. nov., Curved Rods from the Human Vagina". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 34 (2): 177–184. doi: 10.1099/00207713-34-2-177 . ISSN 0020-7713.
- ↑ List of Changes in Taxonomic Opinion no. 1. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2005, 55, 7-8. [HOYLES (L.), COLLINS (M.D.), FALSEN (E.), NIKOLAITCHOUK (N.) and McCARTNEY (A.L.): Transfer of members of the genus Falcivibrio to the genus Mobiluncus, and emended descriptions of the genus Mobiluncus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 2004, 27, 72-83.
- ↑ Mayer, Jeanmarie; Hegewald, Susan; Sartor, Victor E.; Carroll, Karen (1994). "Extragenital infection due to Mobiluncus mulieris". Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease. 20 (3): 163–165. doi:10.1016/0732-8893(94)90111-2. ISSN 0732-8893.
