Moksha River

Moksha
Location
Country	Russia
Region	Penza Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Republic of Mordovia, Ryazan Oblast
Cities	Temnikov, Krasnoslobodsk, Kovylkino
Physical characteristics
Source	Vydygadovka
- location	Privolzhskaya Upland, Mokshansky District, Penza Oblast
- coordinates	53°19′13″N44°31′13″E / 53.3202°N 44.5203°E
Mouth
- location	Oka River, Pitelinsky District, Ryazan Oblast
- coordinates	54°44′35″N41°52′42″E / 54.74306°N 41.87833°E Coordinates: 54°44′35″N41°52′42″E / 54.74306°N 41.87833°E
- elevation	79 m (259 ft)
Length	656 km (408 mi)
Discharge
- location	72 km from the mouth
- average	95 m3/s (3,400 cu ft/s)
Basin features
River system	Volga
Basin size	51,000 km2 (20,000 sq mi)
Tributaries
- left	Vad, Tsna
- right	Sivin, Satis

Last updated April 25, 2019

Moksha (Russian : Мо́кша) is a river in central Russia, a right tributary of the Oka River. It flows through Penza Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Ryazan Oblast and the Republic of Mordovia, and joins the Oka near Pyatnitsky Yar, below the city of Penza Oblast.

Russian is an East Slavic language, which is official in the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely used throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia. It was the de facto language of the Soviet Union until its dissolution on 25 December 1991. Although nearly three decades have passed since the breakup of the Soviet Union, Russian is used in official capacity or in public life in all the post-Soviet nation-states, as well as in Israel and Mongolia.

A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean.

Oka is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga. Its length exceeds 1,500 kilometres (930 mi). The Russian capital Moscow sits on one of the Oka's tributaries—the Moskva River.

In the 1950s, several hydroelectric power stations were built in the middle course of the river, but without navigable locks. In 1955, 2 km below the mouth of the river. Prices on the Moksha River built Rasypukhinsky hydro-power plant with a hydroelectric power station and a wooden shipping lock. Navigation on the river was carried out until the mid-1990s.

On the Moksha is the Trinity-Scans monastery, the Nativity-Theotokos Sanaksar Monastery and the Krasnoslobodsky Savior-Transfiguration Monastery.

Origin of name

The name is left by the ancient Indo-European population of the Pohje, speaking a language close to the Baltic. Hydronym is comparable with the Indo-European basis meksha, meaning "spillage, leakage". It is suggested that in the language of Indo-European aborigines moksha meant "stream, current, river" and as a term entered into a series of hydronyms (Shirmksha, Mamoksha, etc.).^[1]

The name "Moksha" is mentioned by the monk-minorite Rubruk, the ambassador of the French King Louis IX to the Mongolian khan Sartak (1253).

Sources

In the monograph "The Nature of the Penza Region" it is pointed out that p. Moksha originates from above. Lookout Nechaevsky (now Mokshan district) of the Penza region. According to the latest information, Moksha begins in a ravine from the springs system near the village of Elizavetino. The source of Moksha is on a treeless place. Research conducted in 2009-2010. Showed that from the south with. Lookout among the elevated places stretches low (up to Elizavetino) about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long. This site is called "Dry Moksha". In the hollow with a sandy and clay bottom 20–40 centimetres (7.9–15.7 in) deep, a creeping stream of 0.5–1.5 centimetres (0.20–0.59 in) in width runs (the study was conducted in May 2010). The constant flow of water is observed below the confluence of the hollow from the holy spring, where a small extension of the channel also forms. A true watercourse flows towards Vision in a poorly developed channel. In some places, the banks collapse in the face of the knocking out of them groundwater flowing into the channel. The bottom of the lowland where the stream flows is swamped. Along the banks of the stream, shrubs of willows, thickets of broadleaf cattails, reeds of forest and some other moisture-loving plants grow in the water. Thus, the source of Moksha is a drying creek, now fueled by thawed and groundwater. It stretches to c. The look gradually turning into a constant stream.^[2]

Tributaries

49 km: Hedgehog creek
51 km: the river Tsna
82 km: the river Urzeva (Black River)
105 km: the river Vad
121 km: the river Ermish
135 km: Shoksha River
144 km: the river Yuzga
150 km: Stream
160 km: the river Vedyazha
170 km: the Barnabas River
177 km: the river Uzhovka
183 km: Sarma River
191 km: the Satis River
231 km: the river Lomovka
248 km: Big Axel River
258 km: Uray River (Ureika)
266 km: the river Shavits (Varskley)
294 km: Nului River
295 km: the river Urkat
302 km: the river Sukhoi Urey
310 km: the Varma River
338 km: Sivin River
346 km: Shapa River
351 km: the river Gumenka
360 km: the river Ryabka
373 km: the river Linyevka
388 km: Bolshaya Azyas river
412 km: the river Sezelka
418 km: Mokshan River
420 km: the river Lashma
432 km: Unuy River
437 km: the river Issa
464 km: the Paneja River
477 km: the river Sheldays
492 km: the river Camora
497 km: the river Kaurec
500 km: the brook Modaev
532 km: the river Lomovka
540 km: the river Atmiss
545 km: the river Iva
553 km: the river Kerka
562 km: the River Losma (in the water register - without a name, near the village Gorlitsyno)
563 km: Stream of Convolvulus
586 km: the river Medaevka (Madaevka)
596 km: Muromka River (Shirkois)
599 km: the river Horse
604 km: the river Yulovka
620 km: the river Ajias
624 km: the stream of Saranka

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References

↑ Поспелов Е. М.
↑ [Артаев О. Н., Варгот Е. В., Ручин А. Б., Гришуткин О. Г. "О МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИИ ИСТОКА РЕКИ МОКШИ" - Журнал "Известия ПГУ им В.Г. Белинского 2011, Выпуск № 25 с. 650-651]

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[1] Поспелов Е. М.

[2] [Артаев О. Н., Варгот Е. В., Ручин А. Б., Гришуткин О. Г. "О МЕСТОНАХОЖДЕНИИ ИСТОКА РЕКИ МОКШИ" - Журнал "Известия ПГУ им В.Г. Белинского 2011, Выпуск № 25 с. 650-651]