Monkey beetle

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Monkey beetles
Hoplia philanthus Fuessly, 1775 (3582071628).jpg
Hoplia philanthus
Scientific classification
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Monkey beetles are scarab beetles, a group of around 70 genera and 850 described species within the tribe Hopliini. The placement of this tribe within the family Scarabaeidae is uncertain between Melolonthinae and Rutelinae. [1] Many species visit flowers for pollen and nectar, or browse on the petals. The beetles are important pollinators of Aizoaceae and Asteraceae in grazed and ungrazed areas, as well as many others. [2]

They tend to favor flowers of white, yellow, pink, orange, and blue pigments. They also tend to favor flowers of symmetrical, abstract patterns [3] [4] Due to their pollination patterns, many plants evolved special features that attracted monkey beetles, such as the Iridaceae which now have bright colors and symmetrical, unique patterns.

Genera

These 70 genera belong to the tribe Hopliini: [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dynastinae</span> Subfamily of beetles

Dynastinae or rhinoceros beetles are a subfamily of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae). Other common names – some for particular groups of rhinoceros beetles – include Hercules beetles, unicorn beetles or horn beetles. Over 1500 species and 225 genera of rhinoceros beetles are known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trichiini</span> Tribe of beetles

The Trichiini are a tribe of the scarab beetle family (Scarabaeidae), though historically they were often classified as a subfamily, Trichiinae. The conspicuous bee beetles (Trichius) are probably the best-known genus in Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flower chafer</span> Subfamily of beetles

Flower chafers are a group of scarab beetles comprising the subfamily Cetoniinae. Many species are diurnal and visit flowers for pollen and nectar, or to browse on the petals. Some species also feed on fruit. The group is also called fruit and flower chafers, flower beetles and flower scarabs. There are around 4,000 species, many of them still undescribed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melolonthinae</span> Subfamily of beetles

Melolonthinae is a subfamily of the scarab beetles. It is a very diverse group; distributed over most of the world, it contains over 11,000 species in over 750 genera. Some authors include the scarab subfamilies Euchirinae and Pachypodinae as tribes in the Melolonthinae.

<i>Polyphylla</i> Genus of beetles

Polyphylla is a genus of scarab beetle includes more than 80 species distributed in North and Central America, southern and central Europe, northern Africa, and southern Asia—from Asia Minor to Japan. They typically reside in forests and orchards with most being identified by white elytra scales forming stripes. The adult beetles are often attracted to lights. Polyphylla lay their eggs on soil near plants from where the larvae hatch and burrow down to the roots on which they will feed. They reach maturity in two to three years.

<i>Scelophysa trimeni</i> Species of scarab beetle endemic to South Africa

Scelophysa trimeni, commonly known as the blue monkey beetle, is a species of scarab beetles in the monkey beetle subfamily Rutelinae.

<i>Rhabdotis albinigra</i> Species of beetle

Rhabdotis albinigra is a species of Scarabaeidae, the dung beetle family. It was described by Hermann Burmeister in 1847.

Pollen beetle is an informal term for any species of beetle associated intimately with suitably pollen-rich species of flowers. Typically such a beetle is adapted to the pollen as a major part of its diet. Species in at least sixteen families of the order Coleoptera could be counted as pollen beetles, and "pollen beetle" also is a common name for some such species.

<i>Miridiba</i> Genus of beetles

Miridiba is a genus of beetles in the family Scarabaeidae, which are known for their white larvae that feed on the roots of plants. The antennae end in a short club. The mandible has a wrinkled molar lobe and the incisor lobe is depressed above. The labrum is depressed in the middle. Species within this genus are found in the Old World, mainly in eastern and tropical Asia. Many species in the genus were earlier placed in the genus Holotrichia.

<i>Ceraspis</i> Genus of beetles

Ceraspis is a genus of beetles in the subfamily Melolonthinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melolonthini</span> Tribe of beetles

Melolonthini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are over 250 genera in Melolonthini, occurring worldwide; there are over 300 species in North America alone, and more than 3000 worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cremastocheilini</span> Tribe of beetles

Cremastocheilini is a tribe of scarab beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 50 genera in the tribe Cremastocheilini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macrodactylini</span> Tribe of beetles

Macrodactylini is a tribe of May beetles and junebugs in the family Scarabaeidae. There are at least 46 genera and over a thousand species described in the tribe Macrodactylini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eupariini</span> Tribe of beetles

Eupariini is a tribe of aphodiine dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are more than 40 genera and 640 described species in Eupariini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cetoniini</span> Tribe of beetles

Cetoniini is a tribe of fruit and flower chafers in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. There are over 80 genera in Cetoniini, found worldwide.

Odontolytes is a genus of aphodiine dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 19 described species in Odontolytes.

Euparia is a genus of aphodiine dung beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about six described species in Euparia.

Brahmina is a large Holarctic genus of scarab beetles in the tribe Melolonthini, containing over 90 species in three subgenera.

References

  1. Ahrens, D.; Scott, M.; Vogler, A.P. 2011: The phylogeny of monkey beetles based on mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA genes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Hopliini). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 60(3): 408-415. doi : 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.011
  2. Mayer, C., Soka, G. & Picker, M. The importance of monkey beetle (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini) pollination for Aizoaceae and Asteraceae in grazed and ungrazed areas at Paulshoek, Succulent Karoo, South Africa. J Insect Conserv 10, 323–333 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-006-9006-0
  3. Steven D. Johnson, Jeremy J. Midgley, Pollination by Monkey Beetles (Scarabaeidae: Hopliini): Do Color and Dark Centers of Flowers Influence Alighting Behavior?, Environmental Entomology, Volume 30, Issue 5, 1 October 2001, Pages 861868, https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-30.5.861
  4. Shelley A Johnson, Susan W Nicolson, Pollen digestion by flower-feeding Scarabaeidae: protea beetles (Cetoniini) and monkey beetles (Hopliini), Journal of Insect Physiology, Volume 47, Issue 7, 2001, Pages 725-733, ISSN 0022-1910, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022 1910(00)00166-9.
  5. "Hopliini Latreille, 1829". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2023-09-26.