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Chalcid wasps are insects within the superfamily Chalcidoidea, part of the order Hymenoptera. The superfamily contains some 22,500 known species, and an estimated total diversity of more than 500,000 species, meaning the vast majority have yet to be discovered and described. The name "chalcid" is often confused with the name "chalcidid", though the latter refers strictly to one constituent family, the Chalcididae, rather than the superfamily as a whole; accordingly, most recent publications (e.g.,) use the name "chalcidoid" when referring to members of the superfamily.
The family Agaonidae is a group of pollinating fig wasps. They spend their larval stage inside the fruits of figs. The pollinating wasps are the mutualistic partners of the fig trees. Extinct forms from the Eocene and Miocene are nearly identical to modern forms, suggesting that the niche has been stable over geologic time.
The Mymaridae, commonly known as fairyflies or fairy wasps, are a family of chalcidoid wasps found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions throughout the world. The family contains around 100 genera with 1,400 species.
The Eucharitidae are a family of parasitic wasps. Eucharitid wasps are members of the superfamily Chalcidoidea and consist of three subfamilies: Oraseminae, Eucharitinae, and Gollumiellinae. Most of the 55 genera and 417 species of Eucharitidae are members of the subfamilies Oraseminae and Eucharitinae, and are found in tropical regions of the world.
Encyrtidae is a large family of parasitic wasps, with some 3710 described species in about 455 genera. The larvae of the majority are primary parasitoids on Hemiptera, though other hosts are attacked, and details of the life history can be variable. They are found throughout the world in virtually all habitats, and are extremely important as biological control agents. They may also present as an ecological threat to the population of some species. For example, the endangered Papilio homerus butterfly is parasitized at a rate of 77%, making them the main contributor to egg mortality in this butterfly species.
Ceranisus is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. They are parasitoids of thrips of the order Thysanoptera and may be important in their biological control.
Goetheana is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. As a parasitoid of thrips, this wasp is used in biological pest control.
Anagyrus is a large genus of parasitic wasps from the family Encyrtidae. Anagyrus is distributed throughout the world. A subgenus of Anagyrus is known as Nesoanagyrus
Arescon is a genus of fairyflies. It contains the following species:
Gordon Gordh is an American entomologist.
Encyrtinae is a subfamily of parasitic wasps in the family Encyrtidae.
Oobius is a parasitic non-stinging wasp genus in the family Encyrtidae.
Archencyrtus is an extinct genus of wasp in the Chalcidoidea family Encyrtidae. The genus contains a single described species, Archencyrtus rasnitsyni known from a Middle Eocene fossil that was found in Eastern Asia.
John Stuart Noyes is a Welsh entomologist.
Austroencyrtus is a genus of parasitic wasps.
Ooencyrtus is a genus of chalcid wasp. William Harris Ashmead named and circumscribed the genus in 1900.
Psyllaephagus is a genus of chalcid wasps. It was named and circumscribed by William Harris Ashmead in 1900. As of 2019, Psyllaephagus contains approximately 245 species. They are found worldwide: Australia has 100 described species; the Palaearctic region has about 57 species, India has about 20, and Africa about 30.
Parachalcerinys is a genus of wasp. As of 2018, three species are recognized, which are all found in Australia.
Marina Dmitrievna Zerova was a Ukrainian entomologist. Several insects have been named after her. She became Doctor of Biological Sciences (1980), Professor (1989) and Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine (2003). In 1981 she was awarded the Award of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine named after DK Zabolotny.
References
- 1 2 3 Triapitsyn, S.V.; Trjapitzin, V.A. (2015). "Revision of Moorella Cameron, 1913 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)" (PDF). Dugesiana. 22 (1): 43–50. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
- ↑ Noyes, J.S. (2018). "Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication". Natural History Museum, London . Retrieved 10 March 2019.