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Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.
A diplococcus is a round bacterium that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells.
Moraxella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Moraxellaceae. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli, or as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive, and catalase-positive properties. M. catarrhalis is the clinically most important species under this genus.
Moraxella osloensis is a Gram-negative oxidase-positive, aerobic bacterium within the family Moraxellaceae in the gamma subdivision of the purple bacteria.
Citrobacter freundii is a species of facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The bacteria have a long rod shape with a typical length of 1–5 μm. Most C. freundii cells generally have several flagella used for locomotion, but some do not and are non-motile. C. freundii is a soil organism, but can also be found in water, sewage, food and in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. The genus Citrobacter was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. Cultures of C. freundii were isolated and identified in the same year from soil extracts.
Neisseria bacilliformis is a bacterium commonly found living as a commensal in the mucous membranes of mammals. However, depending on host immunocompetence, there have been documented cases of N. bacilliformis infections of the respiratory tract and oral cavity thus making it an opportunistic pathogen. It was originally isolated from patients being treated in a cancer center. Rarely, a more serious infection such as endocarditis can occur often as a result of a predisposing condition.
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is a species of coronavirus which infects humans and bats. It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor. Along with Human coronavirus OC43, it is one of the viruses responsible for the common cold. HCoV-229E is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus and subgenus Duvinacovirus.
Legionella steelei is a Gram-negative bacterium from the genus Legionella which was isolated from specimens of the respiratory tract of patients with bronchitis in California and South Australia.
Moraxella atlantae is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive and catalase-positive, rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from aerobic blood cultures from a female cancer patient. M. atlantae is a rare opportunistic pathogen which can usually be treated by common antibiotics.
Moraxella boevrei is a Gram-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic nonmotile bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the nasal flora of healthy goats in Lyon in France.
Moraxella canis is a Gram-negative, oxidase-positive bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from a wound from dog bite in Sweden and from an ulcerated supraclavicular lymph node of a patient.
Moraxella caprae is a Gram-negative, aerobic, nonmotile bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the nasal flora of goats in Lyon in France.
Moraxella caviae is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the pharyngeal region and mouth of guinea pig.
Moraxella cuniculi is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the oral mucosa of a rabbit in Germany. The previous name was Neisseria cuniculi.
Moraxella equi is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the eye of a horse.
Moraxella nonliquefaciens is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the upper respiratory tract of humans. M. nonliquefaciens occasionally causes disease.
Moraxella oblonga is a catalase- and oxidase-positive, Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the oral cavity of a sheep. Alysiella sp. was transferred to M. oblonga.
Moraxella bovoculi is a Gram-negative bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the eyes of calves in Browns Valley, California. M. bovoculi can cause infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis.
Moraxella pluranimalium is a Gram-negative, aerobic, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming bacterium in the genus Moraxella, which was isolated from the nasal turbinate of a pig.
Burkholderia pseudomultivorans is a bacterium from the genus Burkholderia and the family Burkholderiaceae which was isolated from samples of the human respiratory tract. Burkholderia pseudomultivorans belongs to the Burkholderia cepacia complex.
References
- ↑ LPSN lpsn.dsmz.de
- ↑ Vandamme, P; Gillis, M; Vancanneyt, M; Hoste, B; Kersters, K; Falsen, E (1993). "Moraxella lincolnii sp. nov., isolated from the human respiratory tract, and reevaluation of the taxonomic position of Moraxella osloensis". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 43 (3): 474–81. doi: 10.1099/00207713-43-3-474 . PMID 8347507.
- ↑ Martin Dworkin; Stanley Falkow; Eugene Rosenberg; Karl-Heinz Schleifer; Erko Stackebrandt (2006-09-28). The Prokaryotes: Vol. 6: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass: A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria (3 ed.). Springer. ISBN 038725496X.