| Mount Halimun | |
|---|---|
 Rainforest on the mountain. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,929 m (6,329 ft) |
| Prominence | 938 m (3,077 ft) |
| Coordinates | 6°42′37″S106°27′05″E / 6.710318°S 106.451310°E |
| Naming | |
| Native name | Gunung Halimun (Indonesian) |
| Geography | |
  Mount Halimun | |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
Mount Halimun (Indonesian : Gunung Halimun) is a mountain in the island of Java, Indonesia. It is protected by the Mount Halimun Salak National Park. It is Banten's highest point.
Mount Halimun is in the volcanic belt of the Bandung Zone. [1] It is a stratovolcano formed during the Pleistocene. [2] It is on the border between Banten province and West Java province. The summit, North Halimun, has an elevation of 1,929 metres (6,329 ft) and a prominence of 938 metres (3,077 ft). [3]
The mountain lies within the largest area of primary rainforest in Java. [3] The word Halimun means "foggy" or "misty" in the Sundanese language, and is given to two of the peaks in the national park, but is commonly applied to the higher north peak. Much of the forest on the mountain is almost always enclosed in cloud. [4] The Ci Durian river rises on the slopes of the mountain and flows northward through the Banten region. [5] The Cisadane river also rises in the park. [4] The park is a critical area for survival of the silvery gibbon. [6]
A permit is required to enter the Mount Halimun Salak National Park. From the village of Leuwijamang, to the north of the mountain at an elevation of 800 metres (2,600 ft), it takes about 8 hours to hike to the summit and back. Technically the route to the summit is not considered an "official climbing lane" by the National Park, so climbing is not allowed. [3]
Banten is the westernmost province on the island of Java, Indonesia. Its capital city is Serang. The province borders West Java and the Special Capital Region of Jakarta on the east, the Java Sea on the north, the Indian Ocean on the south, and the Sunda Strait on the west. The province covers an area of 9,662.82 km2 (3,730.84 sq mi). It had a population of over 11.9 million in the 2020 census, up from about 10.6 million in 2010. The estimated mid-2022 population was 12.25 million. Formerly part of the province of West Java, Banten become a province in 2000. The northern half has recently experienced rapid rises in population and urbanization, and the southern half has a more traditional character but an equally fast-rising population.
The Indonesian island of Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains numerous volcanoes, 45 of which are considered active volcanoes. As is the case for many other Indonesian islands, volcanoes have played a vital role in the geological and human history of Java. Indeed, land is created on Java as a result of lava flows, ash deposits, and mud flows (lahars). Volcanoes are a major contributor to the immense fertility of Java, as natural erosion transports volcanic material as alluvium to the island's plains, forming thick layers of fertile sediment. The benefit is not just in the immediate vicinity of the volcano, with fine ash emitted from eruptions being dispersed over wide areas.
Mount Kerinci is an active stratovolcano and the highest mountain in Sumatra, Indonesia. At 12,484 ft (3,805 m) above sea level, it provides Sumatra with the fifth-highest maximum elevation of any island in the world. It is surrounded by the lush forest of Kerinci Seblat National Park, home to several endangered species including the Sumatran tiger.
Gunung Karang is a volcano at the westernmost end of Banten, Indonesia.
Mount Merbabu is a dormant stratovolcano in Central Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. The name Merbabu could be loosely translated as 'Mountain of Ash' from the Javanese combined words; Meru means "mountain" and awu or abu means "ash".
Mount Salak is an eroded volcano in West Java, Indonesia. It has several satellite cones on its southeast flank and the northern foot, along with two additional craters at the summit. Mount Salak has been evaluated for geothermal power development. According to a popular belief, the name "Salak" is derived from salak, a tropical fruit with scaly skin; however, according to Sundanese tradition, the name was derived from the Sanskrit word Salaka which means "silver". Mount Salak can be translated to "Silver Mountain" or "Mount Silver".
Mount Papandayan is a complex stratovolcano, located in Garut Regency, to the southeast of the city of Bandung in West Java, Indonesia. It is about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) to the southwest of the town of Garut. At the summit, there are four large craters which contain active fumarole fields. An eruption in 1772 caused the northeast flank to collapse producing a catastrophic debris avalanche that destroyed 40 villages and killed nearly 3,000 people. The eruption truncated the volcano into a broad shape with two peaks and a flat area 1.1 km wide with Alun-Alun crater in the middle, making the mountain appear as a twin volcano; one of the peaks is called Papandayan and the other Mount Puntang.
Mount Gede Pangrango National Park is a national park in West Java, Indonesia. The park is centred on two volcanoes—Mount Gede and Mount Pangrango—and is 150 km² in area.
Ichthyophis hypocyaneus, the Javan caecilian or marsh caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae of caecilians, endemic to Java, Indonesia. Until its rediscovery in 2000, it was known only from the 1827 type specimen.
Nyctixalus margaritifer, also known as the Java Indonesian treefrog and pearly tree frog, is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Java, Indonesia, where it is known from a number of records at elevations above 700 m (2,300 ft).
The Javan ferret-badger is a mustelid endemic to Java and Bali, Indonesia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and occurs from at least 260 to 2,230 m elevation in or close to forested areas.
The Kasepuhan Banten Kidul are a traditional Sundanese community of approximately 5,300 people, who live in the southern part of Gunung Halimun National Park, in the Indonesian province of West Java. Gunung Halimun National Park is located within the borders of the Sukabumi Regency, Bogor and southern Banten province. The Kasepuhan is called "Kasepuhan Banten Kidul", their main village is Ciptagelar in the Cisolok subdistrict (kecamatan) in the western part of the Sukabumi Regency. The current head of the community, Abah Ugih, inherited the position of leader when his father, Abah Anom, died at the age of 54.
Mount Halimun Salak National Park is a 400 km2 conservation area in the Indonesian province of West Java on the island of Java. Established in 1992, the park comprises two mountains, Mount Salak and Mount Halimun with an 11-kilometer forest corridor. It is located near the better known Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, but the national park should be accessed from Sukabumi, 2 hours drive to the administration post and then 2 hours drive again to Cikaniki post gate.
The Ci Durian, or Ci Kandi, is a river in the Banten province of western Java, Indonesia. It rises in the mountains to the south and flows north to the Java Sea. The delta of the river, now canalized, has long been used for rice paddies and for a period was also used for sugarcane plantations. Extensive irrigation works diverted water from the river into a canal system in the 1920s, but these works were not completed and suffered from neglect in the post-colonial era. Plans were made in the 1990s to rehabilitate the irrigation works and dam the river to provide water for industrial projects, with Dutch and Japanese assistance, but these were cancelled by the Indonesian government.
Kawah Putih is a crater lake and tourist spot in a volcanic crater about 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Bandung in West Java in Indonesia.
Deconica aureicystidiata is a species of mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. It has been found in Mount Halimun Salak National Park and Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park in Java, Indonesia.
Trigonopterus javensis is a species of flightless weevil in the genus Trigonopterus from Indonesia.
Ciptagelar is a traditional Sundanese hamlet in Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Founded in 1368, the hamlet is the largest village of the Kasepuhan community which retains traditional Sundanese social structure and strictly adheres to adat to this day. The village is also known for its Sundanese style houses which value simplicity and harmony with nature.
The Cianten is a river which flows in the western part of Bogor Regency, West Java, and is a tributary of the Cisadane River.