Red-disc bushbrown | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Lepidoptera |
Family: | Nymphalidae |
Genus: | Mycalesis |
Species: | M. oculus |
Binomial name | |
Mycalesis oculus (Marshall, 1880) | |
Synonyms | |
Mycalesis oculus, the red-disc bushbrown, [3] [4] is a satyrine butterfly found in southern India. [3] [4] It is similar in markings to Mycalesis adolphei but distinguished by the reddish band around the large apical spots on the upper forewings.
Somewhat similar to Mycalesis adolphei but the eyespots on the median vein of the upper forewing much larger and encircled by a broad ring of orange red and extending towards the costal margin (leading edge). The underside is dark reddish brown. The eyespot on the hindwing is larger than in M. adolphei. The wingspan is about 5 to 6 cm. The species is found mainly in the hill forests of the southern Western Ghats. [5] [6]
Male. Upperside rich ferruginous-brown. Forewing darker brown externally; with an indistinct small subapical black spot with white pupil; a very large prominent lower black ocellus, with large white pupil, broadly surrounded externally with bright ferruginous-red, which latter colour forms an irregular discal patch extending from the posterior margin and is anteriorly prolonged in front of the subapical spot to near the costa. Hindwing with four anteriorly decreasing moderately small black ocelli with white pupils and darker ferruginous-red outer rings. Cilia dark cinereous. Underside paler ferruginous-brown, more ochraceous brown externally. Both wings with the basal area marked with short dark ferruginous-brown strigae, and with a distinct darker brown transverse discal line, which is widely ochreous bordered externally at its costal end on the forewing, and narrowly with cinereous posteriorly on both wings. Forewing with a minute subapical and a small lower median ocellus, and sometimes a white dot is also present between the upper and middle median veins. Hindwing with six very small ocelli, the four upper and the lowest being minute.
Male with a subbasal tuft of brown hairs overlapping a small glandular patch of blach scales on the upperside of hindwing, and on the underside of the forewing with a large basal nacreous area with a very slight ordinary glandular patch of blackish scales.
Female larger. Upperside of somewhat brighter colours; all the ocelli larger and more prominent. Underside paler than in the male, the transverse discal line on both wings broadly diffused externally with paler ochreous anteriorly and cinereous posteriorly; ocelli the same as in male.
Body above dark brown; abdomen beneath, legs, and streaks on sides of palpi pale ochreous-brown.
Mycalesis patnia, the glad-eye bushbrown, is a satyrid butterfly found in southern India and Sri Lanka.
Mycalesis anaxias, the white-bar bushbrown, is a species of satyrid butterfly found in South and Southeast Asia. In South Asia, it inhabits Sikkim, eastwards through the hill-ranges to Assam, Cachar, Myanmar and Tenasserim. Also in southern India, in the Nilgiris and Travancore.
Melanitis leda, the common evening brown, is a common species of butterfly found flying at dusk. The flight of this species is erratic. They are found in Africa, South Asia and South-east Asia extending to parts of Australia.
Mycalesis perseus, the dingy bushbrown or common bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in south Asia and southeast Asia.
Mycalesis mineus, the dark-brand bush brown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia.
Mycalesis perseoides, the Pachmarhi bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia
Mycalesis subdita, the Tamil bushbrown, is a satyrine butterfly found in south India and Sri Lanka. It is not resolved whether this is a good species or is a subspecies of Mycalesis visala.
Mycalesis visala, the long-brand bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in south Asia. It might include the Tamil bushbrown as a subspecies.
Heteropsis adolphei, the red-eye bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in southern India. The species name is after Adolphe Delessert who collected the first specimens based on which the species was described.
Mycalesis mestra, the white-edged bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia
Mycalesis (annamitica) lepcha, the Lepcha bushbrown, is a satyrine butterfly found in Asia. It is not resolved whether it is best considered a distinct species, or included in Mycalesis annamitica. It was formerly included in Mycalesis malsara.
Mycalesis nicotia, the brighteye bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia.
Junonia almana, the peacock pansy, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in Cambodia and South Asia. It exists in two distinct adult forms, which differ chiefly in the patterns on the underside of the wings; the dry-season form has few markings, while the wet-season form has additional eyespots and lines. It is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List.
Ypthima huebneri, the common fourring, is a species of Satyrinae butterfly found in Asia.
Melanitis phedima, the dark evening brown, is a species of butterfly found flying at dusk. The flight of this species is erratic. They are found in south and southeast Asia.
Vindula erota, the common cruiser, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in forested areas of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia.
Orsotriaena medus is a butterfly found in south Asia, southeast Asia, and Australia. It is the only species in the genus Orsotriaena, first described by Hans Daniel Johan Wallengren in 1858.
Lasiommata schakra, the common wall, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in South Asia.
Abisara bifasciata, the double-banded Judy or twospot plum Judy, is a butterfly in the family Riodinidae. It is found in Asia.
Heteropsis davisoni, the Palni bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in southern India. Some authors consider this as a subspecies of Heteropsis mamerta or Mycalesis malsara or Mycalesis lepcha.