Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, opposite Estonia. Finland covers a total area of 338,145 square kilometres (130,559 sq mi), including a land area of 303,815 square kilometres (117,304 sq mi), and has a population of 5.6 million. Helsinki is the capital and largest city. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. The official languages are Finnish and Swedish; 84.9 percent of the population speak the first as their mother tongue and 5.1 percent the latter. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to boreal in the north. The land cover is predominantly boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes.
The politics of Finland take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy. Finland is a republic whose head of state is President Alexander Stubb, who leads the nation's foreign policy and is the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces. Finland's head of government is Prime Minister Petteri Orpo, who leads the nation's executive branch, called the Finnish Government. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Finland, and the Government has limited rights to amend or extend legislation. The Constitution of Finland vests power to both the President and Government: the President has veto power over parliamentary decisions, although this power can be overruled by a majority vote in the Parliament.
The University of Helsinki is a public university in Helsinki, Finland. The university was founded in Turku in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Åbo under the Swedish Empire, and moved to Helsinki in 1828 under the sponsorship of Tsar Alexander I. The University of Helsinki is the oldest and largest university in Finland with the widest range of disciplines available. In 2022, around 31,000 students were enrolled in the degree programs of the university spread across 11 faculties and 11 research institutes.
The title of docent is conferred by some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks at or below the full professor rank, similar to a British readership, a French maître de conférences (MCF), and equal to or above the title of assistant professor. In Southeast European countries, it is the first position that people achieve once they enter the University, and after the completion of their PhD degree.
The Finnish Government is the executive branch and cabinet of Finland, which directs the politics of Finland and is the main source of legislation proposed to the Parliament. The Government has collective ministerial responsibility and represents Finland in the Council of the European Union. In the incumbent Orpo Cabinet, the Government comprises 19 ministers leading 12 ministries.
Metsähallitus is a state-owned enterprise in Finland.
Helsinki is one of the 13 electoral districts of the Parliament of Finland, the national legislature of Finland. The district was established as Helsinki City in 1954 from parts of Uusimaa Province. It was renamed Helsinki in 1997. It is conterminous with the municipality of Helsinki. The district currently elects 23 of the 200 members of the Parliament of Finland using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2023 parliamentary election it had 546,375 registered electors.
The International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) is a non-profit, non-governmental international network of forest scientists, headquartered in Austria. In 2019, IUFRO counted 630 Member Organizations worldwide.
The University of Eastern Finland is a university in Finland founded in 2010 with campuses in Joensuu and Kuopio.
Biobased economy, bioeconomy or biotechonomy is economic activity involving the use of biotechnology and biomass in the production of goods, services, or energy. The terms are widely used by regional development agencies, national and international organizations, and biotechnology companies. They are closely linked to the evolution of the biotechnology industry and the capacity to study, understand, and manipulate genetic material that has been possible due to scientific research and technological development. This includes the application of scientific and technological developments to agriculture, health, chemical, and energy industries.
Business Finland is a public organization under the Finnish Ministry of Employment and the Economy. It was established on 1 January 2018, with the goal of attracting trade, tourism, and foreign investment, and providing funds for innovation to Finland. And as such, Business Finland is also involved in funding Finnish space researches, under the New Space Economy program, as well as startup companies, under Young Innovative Company funding program among other projects. The organization is made up of two entities: Innovation Business Finland and Business Finland Oy.
Northeast Forestry University is a public university in Harbin, Heilongjiang, China. It is affiliated with the Ministry of Education, and co-founded by the Minister of Education, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, and the Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government. The university is part of Project 211 and the Double First-Class Construction.
This article is about lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) history in Finland.
Projectnet is a Finnish database that contains descriptions of both ongoing and completed research projects that are being conducted on natural resources by prominent organizations in Finland.
The Ministry of the Environment is one of the 12 ministries which comprise the Finnish Government. Headed by the Minister of the Environment, the ministry is responsible for preparing legal matters concerning communities, the built environment, housing, biodiversity, sustainable use of natural resources and environmental protection in Finland.
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry is one of the 12 ministries in the Finnish Government. Natural resources and their sustainable use are in the focus of this ministry. It also makes sure that Finland is self-sufficient in its food production even in a time of crisis, and that the food production and use of natural resources is sustainable, economically beneficial, and good for the well-being of the nation's citizens.
Risto Ihamuotila is a retired Finnish academic and ex-Chancellor of the University of Helsinki.
A stock exchange cooperative or stock exchange co-operative is a business organization owned by its members, where individuals or organizations can publicly buy and sell the cooperative’s shares, akin to the way shares of public companies are traded. It is a business entity that is available in Finland. Starting the stock exchange cooperatives has been possible since 2013 the Co-operatives Act. In Finnish, the stock exchange cooperative is named pörssiosuuskunta and in Finlandssvenska it is called börsandelslag. Stock exchange cooperatives have some structural governing differences regarding standard co-operatives in Finland. For instance, the use of representatives in the cooperative assembly cannot be limited which can be done in the standard Finnish cooperatives.
