Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family, including the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives the barbs and barbels, among others. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family, and the largest vertebrate animal family overall, with about 3,000 species; only 1,270 of these remain extant, divided into about 200 valid genera. Cyprinids range from about 12 mm (0.5 in) in size to the 3 m (9.8 ft) giant barb. By genus and species count, the family makes up more than two-thirds of the ostariophysian order Cypriniformes. The family name is derived from the Greek word kyprînos.
Mahseer is the common name used for the genera Tor, Neolissochilus, Naziritor and Parator in the family Cyprinidae (carps). The name is, however, more often restricted to members of the genus Tor. The range of these fish is from Vietnam in the east and China in the north, through Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia, and across southern Asia including the countries of India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh within the Indian Peninsula, plus Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Afghanistan. They are commercially important game fish, as well as highly esteemed food fish. Mahseer fetch high market price, and are potential candidate species for aquaculture. Several of the larger species have suffered severe declines, and are now considered threatened due to pollution, habitat loss, overfishing and increasing concern about the impacts of unregulated release of artificially bred stock of a very limited number of species.
Neolissochilus is a genus of fish in the family Cyprinidae native to freshwater habitats in Asia that are often grouped with the mahseers. The largest reach up to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) in length, but most species are much smaller.
Onychostoma is a genus of cyprinid fish found in eastern Asia.
Neolissochilus bovanicus, the Bowany barb, is a species of cyprinid fish native to the Cauvery River system in India. Its range is presently restricted to a single reservoir behind the Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu. This species can reach a length of 36 centimetres (14 in) TL.
Metzia is a genus of cyprinid fish that is found in eastern Asia. The genus is named in honor of the American ichthyologist Charles William Metz of Stanford University.
Neolissochilus soroides, commonly called the soro brook carp or antimony fish, is a freshwater fish of Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.
Neolissochilus subterraneus is a species of cyprinid cavefish that is endemic to the Tham Phra Wang Daeng cave within Thung Salaeng Luang National Park, Phitsanulok Province in Thailand. The genus name derives from the Greek words "neos", "lissos", and "cheilos"; they mean new, smooth, and lip respectively.
Neolissochilus benasi is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits Asia and has a maximum length of 120 centimetres (47 in).
Neolissochilus blanci is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam, and maybe Myanmar and Yunnan in China.
Neolissochilus blythii is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits the Tenasserim provinces of Myanmar and has a maximum length of 5 centimetres (2.0 in).
Neolissochilus dukai is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus.
Neolissochilus hexagonolepis is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Bhutan, Pakistan and Vietnam. It has a maximum length of 120.0 centimetres (3.937 ft) and a maximum published weight of 11.0 kilograms (24.3 lb).
Neolissochilus hexastichus is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits the Brahmaputra and Barak River drainages in Assam in India, and Nepal and possibly the Salween basin in Myanmar. and is considered "near threatened" on the IUCN Red List.
Neolissochilus longipinnis is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits Lake Kawar on Sumatra, and is possibly found in the Pangus River drainage of Mount Ungaran on Java, though this population has probably been extirpated. It has a maximum length of 47.5 centimetres (18.7 in).
Neolissochilus nigrovittatus is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits Myanmar and Thailand and has a maximum length of 13.0 centimetres (5.1 in).
Neolissochilus paucisquamatus is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits Myanmar and Thailand and is not considered threatened or endangered.
Neolissochilus spinulosus is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It is considered harmless to humans.
Neolissochilus stracheyi is a species of cyprinid in the genus Neolissochilus. It inhabits Myanmar and Thailand and has a maximum length of 60.0 centimetres (23.6 in).
Tor dongnaiensis, common name Dongnai manseer, is a species of cyprinid of the genus Tor. It inhabits Vietnam's Đồng Nai and is considered harmless to humans. It has a maximum length among unsexed males of 41.1 centimetres (16.2 in). Described in 2015, it has been assessed as "near threatened" on the IUCN Red List.
