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15 seats in the Newfoundland House of Assembly 8 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||
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Results by riding | ||||||||||
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The 1st Newfoundland general election came after many years of agitation against the British Parliament. Newfoundland was the last British colony in North America to gain representative government.
| Leader | Seats won | |
|---|---|---|
| Conservative | 10 | |
| Liberal | 5 | |
| Total | 15 | |
The first general election for Newfoundland was held in November, 1832. The island was divided into nine electoral districts:
None of the west coast of Newfoundland was represented during the 1832 general election because it fell within the jurisdiction of the French and American treaty shores. 15 seats in total, were up for election and representation to govern the affairs of the island.
The French Shore, also called the Treaty Shore, resulted from the 1713 ratification of the Treaty of Utrecht. The provisions of the treaty allowed the French to fish in season along the north coast of Newfoundland between Cape Bonavista and Point Riche. This area had been frequented by fishermen from Brittany since the early 16th century, which they called "le petit nord".
The American Treaty Shore also known as the Anglo-American Convention of 1818 is an identification of the fishing area frequented by American fishing vessels around the coast of Newfoundland.
The districts were determined by settlements and landmarks along the coast, with no consideration given to areas inland. It was determined that all residents lived on or near the coast.
Bell Island is an island located off the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada in Conception Bay. Measuring 9.7 kilometres (6.0 mi) in length and 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) in width, it has an area of 34 square kilometres. The subsurface is composed of Ordovician sandstone and shale with red hematite. It was once the site of large iron ore mines.
Cape Bonavista is a headland located on the east coast of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. It is located at the northeastern tip of the Bonavista Peninsula, which separates Trinity Bay to the south from Bonavista Bay to the north. The nearby town of Bonavista takes its name from this historic landmark.
Random Island is located off Canada's Atlantic coast. Part of the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, it is located on the east coast of Newfoundland and partially surrounded by the Bonavista Peninsula on the north and within the confines of Trinity Bay. The island is approximately 35 km (22 mi) long, its width varies from 15 km (9.3 mi) on the eastern end, to 6 km (3.7 mi) in the middle, to 17 km (11 mi) on the western end, with a total area of around 310 km2 (120 sq mi). According to the 2016 census, the population of the island is 1,232.
Each candidate had to be male, twenty-one years or older, of sound understanding, either natural-born to the island or a lawfully naturalized British citizen, and a resident of two years standing who had occupied a dwelling as either tenant or owner. Also, no candidate could have a criminal record for any infamous or heinous crime. [1] Voters were held to much the same restrictions as candidates except the residency requirement was reduced from two years to one.
Naturalization is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It may be done automatically by a statute, i.e., without any effort on the part of the individual, or it may involve an application or a motion and approval by legal authorities. The rules of naturalization vary from country to country but typically include a promise to obeying and upholding that country's laws, taking and subscribing to the oath of allegiance, and may specify other requirements such as a minimum legal residency and adequate knowledge of the national dominant language or culture. To counter multiple citizenship, most countries require that applicants for naturalization renounce any other citizenship that they currently hold, but whether this renunciation actually causes loss of original citizenship, as seen by the host country and by the original country, will depend on the laws of the countries involved.
The United Kingdom (UK), officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is a sovereign country located off the north-western coast of the European mainland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state, the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of 242,500 square kilometres (93,600 sq mi), the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world. It is also the 22nd-most populous country, with an estimated 66.0 million inhabitants in 2017.
The election was conducted over a period of two months from the day of proclamation to the last polling date of December 8, 1832. There were forty-seven polling booths located at strategic locations and not all communities had one. Except for the districts of St. John's, Conception Bay, and Bonavista, the candidates were elected by acclamation.
The nomination for Conception Bay was held on October 31, 1832, with the following candidates nominated for the four available seats:
Charles Cozens, politician, magistrate, was elected to the House of Assembly representing the district of Conception Bay on the first general election held in Newfoundland in 1832.
Peter Brown was a merchant, politician and justice of the peace was elected to the House of Assembly representing the district of Conception Bay on the first general election held in Newfoundland in 1832.
Harbour Grace is a town in Conception Bay on the Avalon Peninsula in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. With roots dating back to the 16th century, it is one of the oldest towns in North America.
| Candidates | October 31 | November 1 | November 2 | November 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robert Pack | 380 | 197 | 228 | 131 | 936 |
| Charles Cozens | 376 | 195 | 223 | 129 | 923 |
| Peter Brown | 364 | 202 | 224 | 133 | 923 |
| James Power | 371 | 198 | 209 | 126 | 904 |
| Robert J. Pinsent | 31 | 56 | 36 | 20 | 143 |
After the election results of November 3, 1832, Robert Pinsent withdrew and the remaining four were declared representatives for the district.
Seven candidates offered themselves for election after the reading of the Proclamation and the Writ. Two more offered after the first polling day, which was met with some skepticism. Nominated were:
| Candidates | November 5 | November 6 | November 7 | November 8 | November 9 | November 10 | November 12(a) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Kent | 19 | 129 | 137 | 152 | 197 | 190 | 69 | 893 |
| William Thomas | 17 | 64 | 115 | 141 | 158 | 194 | 73 | 762 |
| Patrick Kough | 4 | 88 | 122 | 124 | 130 | 123 | 56 | 647 |
| William Carson | 15 | 63 | 115 | 119 | 137 | 142 | 41 | 632 |
| William Row(b) | 5 | 34 | nob(c) | nob | nob | nob | nob | 39 |
| Patrick Power(b) | 0 | 28 | nob | nob | nob | nob | nob | 28 |
| Patrick Mullowney(b) | 0 | 27 | nob | nob | nob | nob | nob | 27 |
| Walsh(b)(d) | nob | 18 | nob | nob | nob | nob | nob | 18 |
| Ryan(b)(d) | nob | 12 | nob | nob | nob | nob | nob | 12 |
(a) No voting took place on Sunday, November 11.
(b) dropped out of the race after results of November 6.
(c) nob - not on ballot.
(d) not one of the original nominees.
After the results of voting on November 12, 1832, Dr. William Carson withdrew and the remaining three were declared as representatives of the District of St. John's.
At the opening of the House of Assembly on January 2, 1833, Dr. Carson petitioned the House for Patrick Kough's removal, claiming he was a government employee and ineligible. The petition was denied.
There were two candidates for the district of Bonavista, Hugh Alexander Emerson and William Brown. After three polling stations had voted, William Brown withdrew. The returning officer, Peter LeMessurier, refused to recognize his withdrawal from the race and continued to the next polling station at Greenspond, a Brown stronghold. After those results, William Brown was declared the winner, and no voting took place at the remaining polling station at Cape Freels.
At the opening of the House of Assembly on January 2, 1833, Hugh Alexander Emerson petitioned the House for William Brown's removal due to Peter LeMessurier's actions. The petition was denied.
| Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Old Conservative | Liberal | |||||
| 1. Bonavista Bay | William Brown | |||||
| 2. Burin | William Hooper | |||||
| 3. Conception Bay | Charles Cozens | Peter Brown James Power Robert Pack | ||||
| 4. Ferryland | Robert Carter | |||||
| 5. Fortune Bay | Newman Hoyles | |||||
| 6. Placentia and St. Mary's | John Martin | Roger Sweetman | ||||
| 7. St. John's | Patrick Kough William Thomas | John Kent | ||||
| 8. Trinity Bay | John Bingley Garland | |||||
| 9. Twillingate and Fogo | Thomas Bennett | |||||
John Bingley Garland was appointed the first Speaker of the House. Both John Bingley Garland and William Thomas were appointed to the Executive Council and resigned their seats in the House of Assembly. William Row, who ran for a seat in St. John’s, was given the seat for Trinity Bay and Dr. William Carson was given a seat for the District of St. John's.
Bonavista—Gander—Grand Falls—Windsor was a federal electoral district in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 2004. 81.0% of its population is Protestant, the highest proportion in Canada.
Bonavista North is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. As of 2011 the district has 6,956 eligible voters.
Ferryland is a provincial electoral district for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. As of 2011, there are 8,571 eligible voters living within the district.
The 29th Newfoundland general election was held on 11 June 1932 to elect members of the 28th General Assembly of Newfoundland. This vote proved to be the final general election held by the Dominion of Newfoundland. As a result of a riot which occurred in 1932 due to Newfoundland's deteriorating economic situation, Prime Minister Sir Richard Squires dissolved the House of Assembly and called an election. His Liberals were reduced to two seats while Frederick C. Alderdice's United Newfoundland Party won 24 seats and was elected to government. The size of the House was reduced from 40 to 27 as an economy measure.
The 10th Newfoundland general election was held on 7 November 1865 to elect members of the 9th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Conservative Party led by Frederick Carter formed the government.
The 7th Newfoundland general election was held in 1855 to elect members of the 6th General Assembly of Newfoundland. This was the first election after responsible government was introduced to the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Party led by Philip Francis Little formed the government.
The 6th Newfoundland general election was held in 1852 to elect members of the 5th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. There were 9 Liberals and 6 Conservatives elected.
The 5th Newfoundland general election was held in 1848 to elect members of the 4th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The use of two separate bodies, an elected assembly and an appointed Legislative Council, was resumed; the experiment with combining the two bodies which had been initiated in 1842 was terminated. While the exact party composition of the Newfoundland House of Assembly following this election is unknown; the Liberals did enjoy a majority.
The 4th Newfoundland general election was held in 1842 to elect members of the 3rd General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The elected assembly with 15 members and the appointed Legislative Council with 10 members were combined into a unicameral legislature.
The 2nd Newfoundland general election was held in 1836 in the Colony of Newfoundland. The results of the election were set aside by Henry John Boulton after he discovered some of the writs from the election had not been marked with the official seal. Some felt that this was a pretext used because Liberal reformers had dominated the assembly and a number who had been reelected in 1836 did not run for reelection the following year.
The 12th Newfoundland general election was held in November 1873 to elect members of the 11th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Anti-Confederates led by Charles Fox Bennett formed the government; a "new" Conservative party led by Frederick Carter formed the opposition.
The 3rd Newfoundland general election was held in 1837 to elect members of the 2nd General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The results of the previous election had been set aside by Henry John Boulton after he discovered some of the writs from the previous election had not been marked with the official seal. A number of Liberal reformers who had been elected in 1836 did not run for reelection. However, reformers continued to dominate the assembly.
The 16th Newfoundland general election was held on 31 October 1885 to elect members of the 15th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Reform Party had been created by Robert Thorburn on a platform of "Protestant Rights" after supporters of the Orange Order abandoned the Whiteway government after sectarian riots in 1885 against the government's 'denominational compromise'. Whiteway's Conservative Party was destroyed as a result and Whiteway founded a new Liberal Party. Thorburn's new party swept to power but soon turned away from its sectarian agenda by inviting Catholic Liberals into the Cabinet.
The 18th Newfoundland general election was held on 6 November 1893 to elect members of the 17th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. Although the Liberals won the majority of seats, the Tory party filed petitions against 15 elected Liberals and one Independent, James Murray, alleging election irregularities. The results of those elections were set aside by the courts and the candidates were barred from seeking reelection. The Tory Party, led by Augustus F. Goodridge, temporarily holding the balance of power, formed a government in 1894. Once the resulting by-elections had been held, the Liberals regained the balance of power and formed a government led by Daniel J. Greene. Greene's government passed legislation allowing candidates who had been disqualified to seek election again. William Whiteway was subsequently reelected in a by-election in early 1895 and became Premier.
The 20th Newfoundland general election was held on 8 November 1900 to elect members of the 19th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the self-governing British colony. The Liberal Party led by Robert Bond formed the government. The unpopular railway policy of the Conservatives contributed to their defeat at the polls. The Tory government of James Spearman Winter was defeated largely due to its railway policy and his conservative party fell into disarray.
The 21st Newfoundland general election was held on 31 October 1904 to elect members of the 20th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Party led by Robert Bond formed the government.
The 24th Newfoundland general election was held on 30 October 1913 to elect members of the 23rd General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Party led by Robert Bond formed a coalition with the Fishermen's Protective Union led by William Coaker. Although the majority held by the Newfoundland People's Party was reduced in this election, it was again returned to power and Edward P. Morris continued to serve as Prime Minister of Newfoundland. A general election originally scheduled for 1917 was deferred until 1919 because of World War I. After Morris retired from politics in 1918, William F. Lloyd, a Liberal member of the Executive Council, was asked to form a government. In May 1919, Michael Patrick Cashin, the leader of the People's Party, introduced a motion of no confidence which resulted in the defeat of the government. Cashin served as Newfoundland prime minister until the election held later in 1919.
The 25th Newfoundland general election was held on 3 November 1919 to elect members of the 24th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Reform Party, an alliance between the Liberals led by Richard Squires and the Fishermen's Protective Union of William Coaker, formed the government. The People's Party, became the Liberal-Labour-Progressive party following the election and formed the opposition. Squires served as Newfoundland prime minister.
The 28th Newfoundland general election was held on 2 June 1928 to elect members of the 27th General Assembly of Newfoundland in the Dominion of Newfoundland. The Liberal Party led by Richard Squires defeated the Conservative Party led by Frederick C. Alderdice and formed the government with the support of Fishermen's Protective Union members. Legislation had been introduced so that persons named to the Executive Council were no longer required to run for reelection. Helena E. Squires, elected in a 1930 by-election, became the first woman elected to the Newfoundland assembly.
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