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An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters, and provide safe waterways for other boats and ships. Although the term usually refers to ice-breaking ships, it may also refer to smaller vessels, such as the icebreaking boats that were once used on the canals of the United Kingdom.
Ontario Hydro, established in 1906 as the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, was a publicly owned electricity utility in the Province of Ontario. It was formed to build transmission lines to supply municipal utilities with electricity generated by private companies already operating at Niagara Falls, and soon developed its own generation resources by buying private generation stations and becoming a major designer and builder of new stations. As most of the readily developed hydroelectric sites became exploited, the corporation expanded into building coal-fired generation and then nuclear-powered facilities. Renamed as "Ontario Hydro" in 1974, by the 1990s it had become one of the largest, fully integrated electricity corporations in North America.
CCGS Henry Larsen is a Canadian Coast Guard Improved Pierre Radisson-class icebreaker serving in the Newfoundland and Labrador region and based in St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. Entering service in 1988, Henry Larsen is the fourth ship and of an improved design over the rest of the ships in her class. The ship operates in the Arctic Ocean during summer months.
USCGC Mackinaw (WAGB-83) is a 290-foot (88 m) vessel specifically designed for ice breaking duties on the Great Lakes. LR number: 6119534 According to the Ice Breaker Mackinaw Maritime Museum, the vessel has been known as the "Queen of the Great Lakes" and "The Largest Icebreaker on the Great Lakes"; the site states that "she was built ... during World War II to meet the heavy demands of war materials and transportation during the winter months".
Hydro One Limited is an electricity transmission and distribution utility serving the Canadian province of Ontario. Hydro One traces its history to the early 20th century and the establishment of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario. In October 1998, the provincial legislature passed the Energy Competition Act which restructured Ontario Hydro into separate entities responsible for electrical generation, transmission/delivery, and price management with a final goal of total privatization.
Sir Adam Beck Hydroelectric Generating Stations are two hydroelectric generating stations in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada. Sir Adam Beck Generating Station I, Sir Adam Beck Generating Station II and the Sir Adam Beck Pump Generating Station are all owned by Ontario Power Generation. Following the development of several smaller generating stations around Niagara Falls in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Province of Ontario authorized the construction of first major publicly owned generating station in the province. At the time it was built, it was the largest hydroelectric generating station in the world.
The Robert Moses Niagara Hydroelectric Power Station is a hydroelectric power station in Lewiston, New York, near Niagara Falls. Owned and operated by the New York Power Authority (NYPA), the plant diverts water from the Niagara River above Niagara Falls and returns the water into the lower portion of the river near Lake Ontario. It uses 13 generators at an installed capacity of 2,675 MW (3,587,000 hp).
The Niagara Tunnel Project was part of a series of major additions to the Sir Adam Beck hydroelectric generation complex in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.
CCGS John G. Diefenbaker is the name for a Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker that had been expected to join the fleet in 2021–2022 but now is significantly delayed. The ship had initially expected to be in service by 2017. Her namesake, John G. Diefenbaker, was Canada's 13th prime minister. It was Diefenbaker's government that founded the Canadian Coast Guard in 1962.
Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPG) is a Crown corporation wholly owned by the Government of Ontario. OPG is responsible for approximately half of the electricity generation in the Province of Ontario, Canada. Sources of electricity include nuclear, hydroelectric, wind, gas and biomass. Although Ontario has an open electricity market, the provincial government, as OPG's sole shareholder, regulates the price the company receives for its electricity to be less than the market average, in an attempt to stabilize prices. Since 1 April 2008, the company's rates have been regulated by the Ontario Energy Board.
Canada is the world's third largest producer of hydroelectricity after China and Brazil. In 2014, Canada consumed the equivalent of 85.7 megatonnes worth of oil of hydroelectricity, 9.8% of worldwide hydroelectric consumption. Furthermore, hydroelectricity accounted for 25.7% of Canada's total energy consumption. It is the third-most consumed energy in Canada behind oil and natural gas.
William H. Latham is a 77-ton icebreaker owned and operated by the New York Power Authority on the Niagara River. It was named after William H. Latham, a senior engineer with the Power Authority who died in 1987. The ship's mission is to keep the Power Authority's inlet ports clear of ice. Occasionally, she is used to break open the Buffalo river or the Lake Erie ice boom for emergency repairs. William H. Latham has been used for DEC fish stocking out of the Dunkirk Harbor, search and rescue for downed aircraft, and search duties for missing hikers on frozen Lake Erie.
Icebreaker Eisvogel is an icebreaker employed by the Port of Vienna, Austria. Eisvogel clears ice in all three of Vienna's harbors. She is employed when the ice becomes a few centimetres in thickness. In 1985 she cleared ice that was 60 centimetres (24 in) thick.
Arctech Helsinki Shipyard is a Finnish shipbuilding company that is part of the Russian state-owned United Shipbuilding Corporation. The company focuses primarily on icebreakers and other icegoing vessels for arctic conditions.
Hike Metal Products is a Wheatley, Ontario-based manufacturer of small to mid-sized boats used for firefighting, lifeboats, research vessels, law enforcement and other rescue and patrol operations. The company also performs ship refitting and metal fabricating.
Smoky Falls Generating Station is one of four stations in the Lower Mattagami River Hydroelectric Complex owned by Ontario Power Generation (OPG) and the Moose Cree First Nation. The station is approximately 85 km (53 mi) northeast of Kapuskasing in the Cochrane District of Northern Ontario. Smoky Falls was originally commissioned as a 54 MW generating station in 1931 by the Spruce Falls Power and Paper Company but it was sold to OPG's predecessor, Ontario Hydro, in 1991. OPG completed a $2.6 billion upgrade of the four Lower Mattagami dams in 2014 and 2015. The new Smoky Falls was commissioned in late 2014 with a 267.9 MW installed capacity.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "Niagara Queen II". STX Marine. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
- ↑ "Frozen Niagara Falls". CHCH News . 2018-01-05. Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved 2018-10-28.
And dealing with all of that ice is a job only an ice breaker can handle. The “Niagara Queen” can be found on the Niagara River, breaking up ice and pushing it over the falls.
- ↑ Paul Baswick (August 2011). "OPG Ice Breaker heads to Port Maitland". Dunnville Chronicle. Archived from the original on 2012-03-17. Retrieved 2011-09-05.
The ship operates some 300 yards above the crest of the falls, keeping OPG's power station water intakes free from large sheets of ice. ... The Niagara Queen II, Ontario Power Generation's ice breaker, will be spending the next few months at Powell's Shipyard as it receives its mandatory four-year service and inspection.
- ↑ D. McMillan (1993). "Design, construction, and operation of Niagara River icebreakers". Marine Technology. pp. 101–104. Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2011-09-05.
Results of maneuvering trials and model tests are given, along with a comparison between hull forms of the two vessels-Ontario Hydro's Niagara Queen II and the William H. Latham, operated by the New York Power Authority
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