| Nisia atrovenosa | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Meenoplidae |
| Genus: | Nisia |
| Species: | N. atrovenosa |
| Binomial name | |
| Nisia atrovenosa (Lethierry, 1888) | |
Nisia atrovenosa is a species of true bug in the family Meenoplidae. It is a pest of millets such as sorghum. Its predators include the mirid bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis . [1]
Panicum miliaceum is a grain crop with many common names, including proso millet, broomcorn millet, common millet, hog millet, Kashfi millet, red millet, and white millet. Archaeobotanical evidence suggests millet was first domesticated about 10,000 BP in Northern China. The crop is extensively cultivated in China, India, Nepal, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, the Middle East, Turkey, Romania, and the United States, where about half a million acres are grown each year. The crop is notable both for its extremely short lifecycle, with some varieties producing grain only 60 days after planting, and its low water requirements, producing grain more efficiently per unit of moisture than any other grain species tested. The name "proso millet" comes from the pan-Slavic general and generic name for millet. Proso millet is a relative of foxtail millet, pearl millet, maize, and sorghum within the grass subfamily Panicoideae. While all of these crops use C4 photosynthesis, the others all employ the NADP-ME as their primary carbon shuttle pathway, while the primary C4 carbon shuttle in proso millet is the NAD-ME pathway.
Pearl millet is the most widely grown type of millet. It has been grown in Africa and the Indian subcontinent since prehistoric times. The center of diversity, and suggested area of domestication, for the crop is in the Sahel zone of West Africa. Recent archaeobotanical research has confirmed the presence of domesticated pearl millet on the Sahel zone of northern Mali between 2500 and 2000 BC.
Echinochloa frumentacea is a species of Echinochloa. Both Echinochloa frumentacea and E. esculenta are called Japanese millet. This millet is widely grown as a cereal in India, Pakistan, and Nepal. Its wild ancestor is the tropical grass Echinochloa colona, but the exact date or region of domestication is uncertain. It is cultivated on marginal lands where rice and other crops will not grow well. The grains are cooked in water, like rice, or boiled with milk and sugar. Sometimes it is fermented to make beer. While also being part of staple diet for some communities in India, these seeds are, in particular, eaten during religious fasting. For this reason, these seeds are commonly also referred to as "vrat ke chawal" in Hindi. Other common names to identify these seeds include oodalu (ಊದಲು) in Kannada, Shyamak (শ্যামাক) or Shyama Chal in Bangla, jhangora in the Garhwal Hills, bhagar (भगर) in Marathi-speaking areas, samo or morio seeds in Gujerati, or kuthiraivaali (குதிரைவாளி) in Tamil.
Paspalum scrobiculatum, commonly called Kodo millet or Koda millet, is an annual grain that is grown primarily in Nepal (not to confuse with Kodo and also in India, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, and in West Africa from where it originated. It is grown as a minor crop in most of these areas, with the exception of the Deccan plateau in India where it is grown as a major food source. It is a very hardy crop that is drought tolerant and can survive on marginal soils where other crops may not survive, and can supply 450–900 kg of grain per hectare. Kodo millet has large potential to provide nourishing food to subsistence farmers in Africa and elsewhere.
Leptocorisa acuta, the paddy earhead bug, is a species of bug recorded from northern Australia, Malesia and Taiwan. Its basionym is Cimex acutus and it is now placed in the family Alydidae. One of several rice bug species, it may be confused with Leptocorisa oratoria.
Stenodiplosis sorghicola, the sorghum midge, is a species of gall midge in the family Cecidomyiidae. It is a pest of millets. The species is native to Africa and is also found in India. During the rainy season, it feeds on the developing grains of pearl millet plants.
Nephotettix cincticeps, the rice green leafhopper, is a species of true bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of barnyard millet.
Empoasca flavescens is a species of true bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of millets such as sorghum in Asia.
Proutista moesta is a species of true bug in the family Fulgoridae. It is a pest of millets.
Brevennia rehi, the rice mealybug, is a species of true bug in the family Pseudococcidae. It is a pest of sorghum and kodo millet in India.
Nysius niger is a species of true bug in the family Lygaeidae. It is a pest of millets in the Americas.
Dolycoris indicus is a species of true bug in the family Pentatomidae. It is a pest of millets.
Nephotettix nigropictus is a species of true bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of millets.
Nephotettix virescens is a species of true bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of millets.
Cicadulina chinai is a species of true bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of millets.
Cicadulina storeyi is a species of true bug in the family Cicadellidae. It is a pest of millets.
Poophilus costalis is a species of true bug in the family Aphrophoridae. It is a pest of millets in West Africa.
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