Lupinine is a quinolizidine alkaloid present in the genus Lupinus of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The scientific literature contains many reports on the isolation and synthesis of this compound as well as a vast number of studies on its biosynthesis from its natural precursor, lysine. Studies have shown that lupinine hydrochloride is a mildly toxic acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and that lupinine has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholine receptors. The characteristically bitter taste of lupin beans, which come from the seeds of Lupinus plants, is attributable to the quinolizidine alkaloids which they contain, rendering them unsuitable for human and animal consumption unless handled properly. However, because lupin beans have potential nutritional value due to their high protein content, efforts have been made to reduce their alkaloid content through the development of "sweet" varieties of Lupinus.
Anopterus is a genus of two species of shrubs or small trees.
Pterogyne is a monotypic genus in the legume family, Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The sole species is Pterogyne nitens. Spanish common names include guiraró, palo coca, or tipa colorado. In Portuguese, it is commonly known as amendoim bravo, cocal or madeira nova. It is found in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina. It is threatened by habitat loss and harvesting for timber.
Paxilline is a toxic, tremorgenic diterpene indole polycyclic alkaloid molecule produced by Penicillium paxilli which was first characterized in 1975. Paxilline is one of a class of tremorigenic mycotoxins, is a potassium channel blocker, and is potentially genotoxic.
Eletefine is an isoquinoline alkaloid first isolated in 1998 from Cissampelos glaberrima. It is one of few known compounds containing the so-called stephaoxocane skeleton, alongside stephaoxocanidine, excentricine, and the stephalonganines.
Hymenocardia acida is a plant of the family Phyllanthaceae native to tropical Africa. It is a small tree that grows to 10 m tall. Occurs in the Guinea and Sudanian savannah zones and deciduous woodland, from Senegal eastwards to Ethiopia and southwards reaching Zimbabwe.
Aurantiomides are quinazoline alkaloids isolated from the fungus Penicillium aurantiogriseum.
Akuammicine is a monoterpene indole alkaloid of the Vinca sub-group. It is found in the Apocynaceae family of plants including Picralima nitida, Vinca minor and the Aspidosperma.
Oroidin is a bromopyrrole alkaloid, originally isolated from marine sponges in the genus Agelas. Its complex structure leads to wide biological activities, which makes Oroidin a potential drug candidate for various diseases. It also serves as chemical defense in marine sponges.
Isooncodine is an anticholinergic alkaloid. It was first synthesized in 1989 because it is an isomer of oncodine, an azafluorenone alkaloid derived from Meiogyne monosperma. It was first derived from the leaves of Polyalthia longifolia.
14-Norpseurotin A is an alkaloid and a bio-active metabolite of Aspergillus, featuring an oxa-spiro-lactam core.
Incarvillateine is a complex monoterpene alkaloid that is a derivative of α-truxillic acid. It can be isolated from the plant genus Incarvillea.
A jadomycin is a natural product produced by Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 (ATCC10712), the organism which is most well known for making the antibiotic chloramphenicol. The name jadomycin is applied to a family of related angucyclines which are distinguished by the E ring, which is derived from an amino acid. The amino acid incorporation which forms the E-ring is a chemical reaction, rather than enzymatic, an uncommon occurrence in biosynthesis. As such a number of jadomycins incorporating different amino acids have been discovered. Jadomycin A was the first compound of this family to be isolated and constitutes the angucylic backbone with L-isoleucine incorporated into the E-ring. A related analog, jadomycin B, is modified by glycosylation with a 2,6-dideoxy sugar, L-digitoxose. Jadomycins have cytotoxic and antibacterial properties.
Prymnesin-B1 is a chemical with the molecular formula C
91H
132ClNO
34. It is a member of the prymnesins, a class of ladder-frame polyether phycotoxins made by the alga Prymnesium parvum. It is known to be toxic to fish. It is a so called "Type-B" prymnesin, which differ in the number of backbone cycles when compared to Type-A prymnesins like prymnesin-2.
Kielmeyera variabilis is tree growing to a height of 3–6 meters, found in savannah regions of eastern and central Brazil. K. variabilis is traditionally used in folk medicine to treat tropical diseases including schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, as well as fungal and bacterial infections.
Karlodinium armiger is a species of dinoflagellates belonging to the family Kareniaceae. It was first isolated from the Mediterranean sea & described in 2006.
Plakortis is a genus of marine sponges in the order Homosclerophorida, first described by Franz Eilhard Schulze in 1880.
Karmitoxin is an amine-containing polyhydroxy-polyene toxin isolated from Karlodinium armiger strain K-0668. It is structurally related to amphidinols, luteophanols, lingshuiols, carteraols, and karlotoxins.
Gedunin is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with the molecular formula C28H43O7. It is most notably found in Azadirachta indica, but is a constituent of several other plants. Gedunin shows therapeutic potential in the treatment of leukemia, and Parkinson's disease.
Lyngbyastatins 1 and 3 are cytotoxic cyclic depsipeptides that possess antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines. These compounds, first isolated from the extract of a Lyngbya majuscula/Schizothrix calcicola assemblage and from L. majuscula Harvey ex Gomont (Oscillatoriaceae) strains, respectively, target the actin cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.
