 | |
| Type | Open joint-stock company |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1947 |
| Headquarters | , Russia |
| Parent | Almaz-Antey |
| Website | nniirt |
The Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (NNIIRT) is a Russian electronics company specializing in the development and manufacturing of radar equipment. It is a subsidiary of the Almaz-Antey group. [1]
Founded in 1947, NNIIRT is based in the city of Nizhny Novgorod. [2]
Beginning in 1975, NNIIRT developed the first VHF 3D radar capable of measuring height, range, and azimuth to a target. This effort produced the 55Zh6 'Nebo' VHF surveillance radar, which passed acceptance trials in 1982. [3]
In the post–Cold War era, NNIIRT developed the 55Zh6 Nebo U 'Tall Rack' radar, which has been integrated with the SA-21 anti-aircraft weapons system. This system is deployed around Moscow. [4]
In 2013, NNIIRT announced the further development of the 55Zh6UME Nebo-UME, which combines VHF and L band radars on a single assembly. [5] [6]
The Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (Russian acronym: NNIIRT) has since 1948 developed a number of radars. [7]
Other innovations were radars with frequency hopping; the P-10 Volga A (NATO: KNIFE REST B) in 1953, radars with transmitter signal coherency and special features like moving target indicator (MTI); the P-12 Yenisei (NATO: SPOON REST) in 1955, as well as the P-70 Lena-M with chirp signal modulation in 1968. [8]
| Radar | NATO reporting name | Radio spectrum (NATO) | Developed | Production plant | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-3 | VHF | 1948 | NITEL [9] | The first Soviet post-World War II air surveillance radar | |
| P-8 Volga | KNIFE REST A | VHF | 1950 | NITEL [10] | The first Soviet radar with circular scan |
| P-10 Volga A | KNIFE REST B | VHF | 1953 | NITEL [10] | Frequency hopping |
| P-12 Yenisei | SPOON REST | VHF | 1955 | NITEL [10] | Coherent radar with MTI |
| P-14 Lena | TALL KING | VHF | 1959 | NITEL [11] | |
| P-70 Lena-M | VHF | 1968 | First Soviet radar with chirp | ||
| P-18 Terek | SPOON REST D | VHF | 1970 | NITEL [12] | |
| 5N84A Oborona-14 | TALL KING C | VHF | 1974 | NITEL [11] | |
| 5N69 Salute | BIG BACK | D-band | 1975 | First Soviet 3D-radar | |
| 44Zh6 | TALL KING B | VHF | 1979 | NITEL [11] | Stationary version of Oborona-14 |
| 55Zh6 Nebo | TALL RACK | VHF | 1982 | NITEL [13] | First Soviet meter-wavelength 3D-radar |
| 1L13 | 1982 | ||||
| 1L121-E | UHF | 2011 | |||
| 52E6 | VHF | 1982–1996 | |||
| 1L13-3 Nebo-SV | BOX SPRING | VHF | 1985 | NITEL [14] | |
| 55ZH6U Nebo-U [15] | TALL RACK | VHF | 1992 | NITEL [16] | |
| 1L119 Nebo-SVU | VHF | 1997–2006 | |||
| 59N6-1 Protivnik-G1 [17] | D-band | 1997 | Average time between failures 840 hours | ||
| 1L122 Avtobaza [18] | D-band | 1997–2006 | |||
| 52E6MU [19] | VHF | 1997–2006 | |||
| P-18 modernisation kits | SPOON REST D | VHF | 1997–2006 | ||
| 55ZH6M Nebo-M [20] | VHF/multi-band | 2011 | |||
| 59N6M | |||||
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The "Pegmantit 3" or P-3 was an early VHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The "Pegmantit 8" or P-8 was an early 2D VHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The "Pegmantit 10" or P-10 was an early 2D VHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-12 "Yenisei" was an early VHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-18 or 1RL131Terek is a 2D VHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-14 is a 2D VHF radar that was developed and operated by the Soviet Union.
The P-40"Armour" or 1S12 is a 3-D UHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-70 or "Lena-M" was a static 2D VHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-19"Danube"1RL134 is a 2D UHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union. The radar was also known by the name "Renata" in Poland and "Dunai" in the former German Democratic Republic.
The P-30"Khrustal" also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Big Mesh" in the west is a 2D E band/F band radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-20"Periskop", also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Token" in the west, is a 2D E band/F band radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-35, also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Bar Lock" in the west, is a 2D E band/F band radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
Nizhny Novgorod Stadium is a football stadium in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. It was one of the venues for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It has a capacity of 44,899 spectators.
This is an overview of Russian early-warning radars for air surveillance, and related design bureaus.
The Nebo-M or Nebo-ME also known as RLM-ME or 55Zh6ME is an integrated multi-functional radar system that features a multiple programmable multi-band design radars and a central data fusion. The radar began to be investigated in 1984. The radar complex is made up of a command post module and one to three different radars which are deployed on separate 8x8 24-ton trucks. The manufacturer claims this radar system can detect 5th generation aircraft like the F-22 and F-35 and detect long-range ballistic missile launches. Nebo-ME is an export version with some downgraded characteristics.
The Nebo-SVU is a very high frequency multi-functional radar and first radar with an active electronically scanned array antenna operating in the metric wavelength. The radar was introduced in 2001 as a replacement for Nebo-SV. It can locate aircraft or other flying object with 0.1 m2 radar cross-section at 100 km (62 mi).
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