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| Country of origin |  Soviet Union |
|---|---|
| Introduced | 1968 |
| No. built | 11 |
| Type | Early Warning |
| Frequency | VHF |
| Range | 2300 km |
| Altitude | 160 km |
| Azimuth | 360 degrees |
| Elevation | 20 degrees |
| Power | 17 MW 20 kW average |
The P-70 or "Lena-M" was a static 2D VHF radar developed and operated by the former Soviet Union.
The P-70 early warning radar started development in 1960 [1] and was completed in 1968 when the radar completed state testing and was accepted into service. [2] The purpose of the radar was to provide long-range early warning of aircraft over the vast territory of the Soviet Union in support of long-range missile batteries. The P-70 was developed by the SKB Design Bureau, a division of State Plant No. 197 named after V.I.Lenin, the predecessor of the current Nizhniy Novgorod Research Institute of Radio Engineering (NNIIRT). [2] The P-70 had a production run of 11 [3] radar units which were deployed to many different regions within the Soviet Union including Estonia, Kotlas, Lithuania and Rybachy Peninsula in the north-west, Kerch, the North-East Bank and Azerbaijan in the south, Mongolia and Russian Island in the east and Anadyr in the north-east. [1]
The P-70 radar was designed as a static structure mounted on a two-story building which housed the radar and power supply equipment as well as facilities for the radar operators.
Additional support facilities could be operated up to 2 km from the radar building. [1]
The radar used a single large antenna accomplishing both transmission and reception with a surface area of 850 m2 and with dimensions of 48 by 25 meters. [1] The antenna was of the open-frame truncated parabolic variety and was scanned mechanically in azimuth using hydraulics.
P-70 radars were dual-channel, with the antenna working in both horizontal and vertical polarization. The radar was one of the first mass-produced radars to use pulse compression. [3] The use of these techniques gave the P-70 excellent resolution (by a factor of 10 compared with the P-14 [1] ) at long range, as well providing protection against active and passive interference. The radar operated on two frequencies, 140 MHz to observe low-altitude targets (aircraft and missiles) and 70 MHz to observe high-altitude targets (satellites). The P-70 also used a fully coherent transmitter and an MTI system capable of compensating for wind and other forms of passive interference such as chaff. Overall, the P-70 managed to achieve a low false alarm rate. [1]
The P-70 radar was operated by the Soviet Union from 1968. The radars were not exported and are believed to be no longer in operation. [3]
Soviet Union - Passed to successor states.
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