The Korean War was an armed conflict on the Korean Peninsula fought between North Korea and South Korea and their allies. North Korea was supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union,while South Korea was supported by the United Nations Command (UNC) led by the United States. Fighting ended in 1953 with an armistice,with no treaty signed.
The history of South Korea begins with the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945. At that time,South Korea and North Korea were divided,despite being the same people and on the same peninsula. In 1950,the Korean War broke out. North Korea overran South Korea until US-led UN forces intervened. At the end of the war in 1953,the border between South and North remained largely similar. Tensions between the two sides continued. South Korea alternated between dictatorship and liberal democracy. It underwent substantial economic development.
Syngman Rhee was a South Korean politician who served as the first president of South Korea from 1948 to 1960. Rhee is also known by his art name Unam. Rhee was also the first and last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea from 1919 to his impeachment in 1925 and from 1947 to 1948. As president of South Korea,Rhee's government was characterised by authoritarianism,limited economic development,and in the late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition.
The division of Koreade facto began on 2 September 1945,when Japan signed the surrender document,thus ending the Pacific Theater of World War II. It was officially divided with the establishment of the two Koreas in 1948. During World War II,the Allied leaders had already been considering the question of Korea's future following Japan's eventual surrender in the war. The leaders reached an understanding that Korea would be liberated from Japan but would be placed under an international trusteeship until the Koreans would be deemed ready for self-rule. In the last days of the war,the United States proposed dividing the Korean peninsula into two occupation zones with the 38th parallel as the dividing line. The Soviets accepted their proposal and agreed to divide Korea.
The Jeju uprising,known in South Korea as the Jeju April 3 incident,was an uprising on Jeju Island from April 1948 to May 1949. A year prior to its start,residents of Jeju had begun protesting elections scheduled by the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (UNTCOK) to be held in the United States-occupied half of Korea,which they believed would entrench the division of the country. A general strike was later organised by the Workers' Party of South Korea (WPSK) from February to March 1948. The WPSK launched an insurgency in April 1948,attacking police and Northwest Youth League members stationed on Jeju who had been mobilized to suppress the protests by force. The First Republic of Korea under President Syngman Rhee escalated the suppression of the uprising from August 1948,declaring martial law in November and beginning an "eradication campaign" against rebel forces in the rural areas of Jeju in March 1949,defeating them within two months. Many rebel veterans and suspected sympathizers were later killed upon the outbreak of the Korean War in June 1950,and the existence of the Jeju uprising was officially censored and repressed in South Korea for several decades.
Jeju Island is South Korea's largest island,covering an area of 1,833.2 km2 (707.8 sq mi),which is 1.83% of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands,it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province.
The First Republic of Korea was the government of South Korea from August 1948 to April 1960. The first republic was founded on 15 August 1948 after the transfer from the United States Army Military Government that governed South Korea since the end of Japanese rule in 1945,becoming the first independent republican government in Korea. Syngman Rhee became the first president of South Korea following the May 1948 general election,and the National Assembly in Seoul promulgated South Korea's first constitution in July,establishing a presidential system of government.
The People's Republic of Korea was a short-lived provisional government that was organized at the time of the surrender of the Empire of Japan at the end of World War II. It was proclaimed on 6 September 1945,as Korea was being divided into two occupation zones,with the Soviet Union occupying the north and the United States occupying the south. Based on a network of people's committees,it presented a program of democratization of society (민주주의) and the economy (사회주의).
The United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) was the official ruling body of the southern half of the Korean Peninsula from 8 September 1945 to 15 August 1948.
Constitutional Assembly elections were held in South Korea on 10 May 1948. They were held under the U.S. military occupation,with supervision from the United Nations,and resulted in a victory for the National Association for the Rapid Realisation of Korean Independence,which won 55 of the 200 seats,although 85 were held by independents. Voter turnout was 95%.
The Supreme Council for National Reconstruction (Korean: 국가재건최고회의) was the ruling military junta of South Korea from May 1961 to December 1963.
Pak Hon-yong was a Korean independence activist,politician,philosopher,communist activist and one of the main leaders of the Korean communist movement during Japan's colonial rule (1910–1945). His nickname was Ijong (이정) and Ichun (이춘),his courtesy name being Togyong (덕영).
Chough Pyung-ok was a South Korean politician. He ran against incumbent president Syngman Rhee in the 1960 presidential election but died on February 15,one month before the election on March 15. Rhee received 90% of the vote. He was the first Director of the Korean National Police from 1945 to 1949 and Minister of Home Affairs during the early stages of the Korean War.
The Bodo League massacre was a massacre against communists and alleged communist-sympathizers that occurred in the summer of 1950 during the Korean War. Estimates of the death toll vary. Historians and experts on the Korean War estimate that between 60,000 and 200,000 people were killed.
The Yeosu-Suncheon rebellion,also known as the Yeo-Sun incident,was a rebellion that began in October 1948 and mostly ended by November of the same year. However,pockets of resistance lasted through to 1957,almost 10 years later.
Anti-communist mass killings are the politically motivated mass killings of communists,alleged communists,or their alleged supporters which were committed by anti-communists and political organizations or governments which opposed communism. The communist movement has faced opposition since it was founded and the opposition to it has often been organized and violent. Many anti-communist mass killing campaigns waged during the Cold War were supported and backed by the United States and its Western Bloc allies. Some U.S.-supported mass killings,including the Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66 and the killings by the Guatemalan military during the Guatemalan Civil War,are considered acts of genocide,
Events from the year 1948 in South Korea.
Kim Dal-sam was a Korean school teacher and communist revolutionary. He led insurgents of the Workers' Party of South Korea during the Jeju uprising.
The National Committee for Investigation of the Truth about the Jeju 4.3 Events was a truth commission in South Korea established in 2000. The commission aimed to investigate the Jeju 4.3 events,which refers to a "series of armed uprisings and counterinsurgency that occurred between 1948 and 1954 on Jeju island,the largest island in the southernmost part of South Korea." Announcing 14,028 victims,the first report of the commission was published in 2003,following an official apology by President Roh Moo-hyun,and his participation in a memorial service held in commemoration of the events,in 2006. However the commission continued to be in operation through 2009,carrying out various reparation projects as well as the screening of victims,thus making it the lengthiest truth commission in history.
The Jeju people or Jejuans are a subgroup of Koreans,native to Jeju Island,which is geographically located in the East China Sea. Administratively,they live in Jeju Province,an autonomous self-governing province of South Korea.
