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An identity document is a document proving a person's identity.
A national identification number, national identity number, or national insurance number or JMBG/EMBG is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, and other governmentally-related functions.
A Belgian identity card is a national identity card issued to all citizens of Belgium aged 12 years old and above.
Teudat Zehut or Huwiyyah is the Israeli compulsory identity document issued by the Ministry of Interior, as prescribed in the Identity Card Carrying and Displaying Act of 1982: "Any resident sixteen years of age or older must at all times carry an Identity card, and present it upon demand to a senior police officer, head of Municipal or Regional Authority, or a policeman or member of the Armed forces on duty." According to a precedent from 2011, residents are entitled to refuse presenting the card, unless the state-official has a reason to suspect that they have committed an offence.
The Romanian identity card is an official identity document issued to every Romanian citizen residing in Romania. It is compulsory to obtain the identity card from 14 years of age. Although Romanian citizens residing abroad are exempt from obtaining the identity card, if they intend to establish a temporary residence in Romania, they may then apply for a provisional identity document, which is valid for one year (renewable).
The Polish Identity Card is a national identity document issued to Polish citizens. As Poland is a European Union member state it is also serves a European Identity card. Every Polish citizen 18 years of age or older residing permanently in Poland is required to have an identity card issued by the local office of civic affairs. Children as well as Polish citizens living permanently abroad are entitled, but not required, to have one. Identity cards are valid for a period of 10 years.
The Identity card of North Macedonia is a compulsory identity document issued in North Macedonia. The document is issued by the police on behalf of the Ministry of Interior.
The identity card of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a compulsory identity document issued in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina who are residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina and are over the age of 15 have the right to apply for the national ID card; nevertheless, all citizens of Bosnia and Herzegovina that are over the age of 18 must have an identity card issued by the police by the city of residence.
The Albanian identity card (Letërnjoftim) is a national identity card issued by Albanian authorities to Albanian citizens. It is proof of identity, citizenship and residence. The current version is in ID1 format and biometric. The ID card is compulsory for citizens over 16 years of age, costs 1,500 lekë and is valid for 10 years.
Hungarian identity cards are not compulsory for Hungarian citizens, although they may be obtained by anyone after birth. However, every citizen from 14 years of age must have at least one of the three identity documents: national identity card; passport, under the age of 17 years; or a photo-card driving licence for anyone over 17 years old. Citizens can travel anywhere in Europe as well as to Georgia, French overseas territories, Montserrat, Turkey and organized tours to Tunisia using only this identity card.
The Bulgarian identity card is a compulsory identity document issued in Bulgaria. The document is issued by the police on behalf of the Ministry of Interior and is the main form of identification on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria. All Bulgarians are obliged by law to carry their identity cards with them at all times and are subject to fines should they not.
The Moldovan identity card is a compulsory identity document issued in the Republic of Moldova. Every Moldovan citizen who resides in the Republic of Moldova must have an ID card. Moldovan ID cards are issued by the Public Services Agency. The following are required to have an ID card: from birth until 10 years of age, from 10 years of age until 16, from 16 years of age until 25, and from 25 years of age until 45. After 45 years of age, the ID card is not required to be renewed.
Korean citizens are issued a national ID card when they reach the age of 17. This card contains a unique Resident registration number. The first six numbers indicate the citizen's date of birth, in the format YYMMDD, for example, someone born on August 15, 1980, would have 800815 as the first six digits. The last seven numbers includes information such as where the birth was registered. This resident registration number is used by Korean citizens and foreign nationals for all forms of record-keeping.
The German Identity Card is issued to German nationals by local registration offices in Germany and diplomatic missions abroad, while it is produced at the Bundesdruckerei in Berlin.
The Cypriot identity card is issued to citizens of Cyprus. It can be used as a travel document when visiting countries in Europe, as well as French overseas territories, Montserrat and Georgia. This document is not valid in Turkey.
A voter identification law is a law that requires a person to show some form of identification in order to vote. In some jurisdictions requiring photo IDs, voters who do not have photo ID often must have their identity verified by someone else or sign a Challenged Voter Affidavit in order to receive a ballot to vote.
The Resident Identity Card is an official identity document for personal identification in the People's Republic of China. According to the second chapter, tenth clause of the Resident Identity Card Law, residents are required to apply for resident identity cards from the local Public Security Bureau, sub-bureaus or local executive police stations.
The Ukrainian identity card or passport of the citizen of Ukraine is an identity document issued to citizens of Ukraine. Every Ukrainian citizen aged 14 or above that permanently resides in Ukraine must possess an identity card issued by the State Migration Service. Ukrainian identity cards can be used as a travel document to enter Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, Russia and Turkey.
The National Identity Card or NID card is a compulsory identity document issued to every Bangladeshi citizen upon turning 18 years of age by Bangladesh Election Commission (EC). The NID is also a biometric, microchip embedded smart identity card. The NID is required by Bangladeshi citizens for multiple essential public services & private services in Bangladesh. Initially, paper-based laminated NID cards were issued in 2006. Then, the paper-based laminated NID cards were replaced by the Smart NID cards in 2016. This was done to ensure security for the cardholder as well as prevent counterfeiting and fraudulence. Bangladesh government provides the Smart NID card with zero cost for all above 14 years Bangladeshi citizens.
The Afghan Tazkira is an official national identity document issued to every national and citizen of Afghanistan, including a member of the Afghan diaspora around the world.
References
- ↑ "北韓法令集" (PDF) (in Korean). NK News. 2017.
- ↑ "북 과학 간부 등 고위 탈북자 2명 동남아서 남한 망명 준비" (in Korean). rfa.org. 2006-05-19. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
- ↑ "등 북한 신분증 공민증" . Retrieved 2024-12-24.
- ↑ "등 북한 신분증 공민증" . Retrieved 2024-12-24.
- ↑ "계급사회의 민낯을 보여주는 '평양시민증'과 '공민증'" (in Korean). 2019-05-05. Retrieved 2024-12-24.
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Non-biometric identity cards (  ) are indicated in italics. | |||||
