Internal passport of Russia

Internal Russian passport
Internal Russian passport
	Cover of the Internal Russian passport
Type	Internal passport
Issued by	Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs
First issued	1997
Purpose	Identification, proof of residence, proof of citizenship
Valid in	Russia ; and for travel to: ; Armenia (only by air); Belarus ; Kazakhstan ; Kyrgyzstan ; ; Abkhazia ; South Ossetia ;
Eligibility	Russian Federation citizenship, and age 14+
Expiration	Renewed at age 20 and 45
Cost	300 ₽, 1500 ₽ in case of loss or damage

Last updated April 03, 2024

The Internal Russian passport^{[lower-alpha 1]} is a mandatory identity document for all Russian citizens residing in Russia who are aged 14 or over. The Internal Russian passport is an internal passport used for travel and identification purposes in Russia, which is distinct from the International Russian passport used by Russian citizens to travel in and out of Russian borders.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Soviet Union internal passport continued to be issued until 1997, when a new regulating decree was adopted by the government and when it was replaced by the Russian internal passport.^[1] The current Russian internal passports were first issued in 2007.^[2]

The Russian government is planning to replace the Internal Passport with a biometric, credit card size card. The universal electronic card issued between 2013 and 2016 was planned to replace the Russian Internal passport as the sole national identity document for Russian citizens but was scrapped in early 2017.

History

Background

In the Russian Empire after the liberation of the serfs in 1861 the peasant was declared by the law as attached to the former tax-paying estate or having a rural station (sel'skoe sostoianie). Membership in the peasant community, the legally mandatory reception of allotment land, arrears and collective responsibility characterized this rural station, and the passport system and residence permit enforced it. The internal passport was issued only in the local district office and was valid for the entire empire while the identification card (Russian : Свидетельство) was valid only within 30 Verst (approximately thirty kilometers) of the place of registration - thus internal passports were critical for obtaining work outside a farmer's own district.^[3]

Modern era

In 1992, passports – or other photo identification documents – became necessary to board a train. Train tickets started to bear passenger names, allegedly, as an effort to combat speculative reselling of the tickets.

On 9 December 1992, special pages were introduced which were affixed in Soviet passports, certifying that the bearer of the passport was a citizen of Russia. These pages were optional unless travelling to the other former Soviet republics which continued to accept Soviet passports; for other occasions, other proofs of citizenship were accepted as well. Issuance of the pages continued until the end of 2002.^{[ citation needed ]}

On 8 July 1997, the currently-used design of the Russian internal passport was introduced.^[4] Unlike the Soviet passports, which had three photo pages, the new passports only have one. A passport is first issued at the age of 14, and then replaced upon reaching the ages of 20 and 45. The text in the passports is in Russian, but passports issued in autonomous entities may, on the bearer's request, contain an additional page duplicating all data in one of the official local languages.

A deadline for exchanging old passports for the new ones was initially set at year-end of 2001, but then extended several times and finally set at 30 June 2004. The government had first regulated that having failed to exchange one's passport would constitute a punishable violation. However, the Supreme Court ruled to the effect that citizens cannot be obliged to exchange their passports. The Soviet passports ceased to be valid as means of personal identification since mid-2004, but it is still legal (though barely practical) to have one.

The propiska was formally abandoned soon after adoption of the current Constitution in 1993, and replaced with "residency registration" which, in principle, was simply record of one's place of residence.

Nevertheless, under the new regulations, permanent registration records are stamped in citizens' internal passports just as were propiskas. This has led to the widespread misconception that registration was just a new name for the propiska; in fact, many still continue to call it "propiska". This misconception is partly reinforced by the fact that the existing regulations for registration make it an onerous process, being dependent on the will and consent of landlords and which effectively prevents tenants from registering themselves.

Internal Russian passports are issued only inside the country. Russian citizens who live abroad can get an internal passport only if they visit Russia, i.e., it is not possible to get an internal passport at a Russian consulate abroad. In practice, Russian citizens who live abroad often do not get new internal passports at all, as the law allows them to prove their identity with an international Russian passport (travel document).

Description

The first page of the passport RussianPassport.jpg — The first page of the passport

Each passport has a data page and a signature page. A data page has a visual zone which contains a photograph of the passport holder, data about the passport, and data about the holder:

Surname
Given name and patronymic
Sex
Date of birth
Place of birth

Passports carry series and passport number and are written in the format XX XX YYYYYY.

Special records shall be made in the passport:

on the registration of a citizen within a community/at a specific address and on removal from the registration records;
on the military conscription of citizens who have by the time is 18 years old;
on the registration and termination of a marriage;
for children under 14 years of age;
for any previously issued basic identity documents of a citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Russian Federation;
for the extradition of the main documents of identity of the citizen of the Russian Federation outside the Russian Federation – only about valid ones at the time mention is made.

On pages 2 and 3 of the passport, the series and number of the passport are printed in the passport in a typographical way. Until 2008, the series and number were also inked on subsequent pages. Since 2008, on pages 5 to 20, as well as on the back cover, the series and number have been laser-perforated.

At the citizen's request, the passport may also include:

the holder's blood type and the Rh factor (added by the medical facility where the citizen's blood type and Rh were tested, for example after a blood transfusion or donation);
the holder's tax identification number.

Pages

Page 1 - In the upper part, a color image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation is reproduced. In the middle (under the coat of arms), the words "passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation" are printed in three lines in ornamental design. Under the words is a typographic drawing "rosette".
Page 2 - In the upper part, the words "Passport issued", "Date of issue", "Subdivision code", "Personal code" (not used), "Personal signature" are printed. In the lower left corner of the page, a subline is printed for the signature of the head of the department that issued the passport, and a place is reserved for affixing the seal, marked with the letters "M. P.". The text of details and lines for making entries on pages 2 and 3 are parallel to the fold of the form. Lines for making entries are applied with an interval of 6.6 mm.
Page 3 - Designed to place on it the personal data of a citizen of the Russian Federation. The page consists of two parts: the upper three-quarters of the page is a visual zone, in which a photo of the passport holder sized 35 × 45 mm is placed on the left, and the following passport details are on the right: "Last name", "First name", "Patronymic name", "Gender", date of birth, place of birth. The place for the sticker of the photo is indicated by the corners. The bottom quarter of the page, opposite the fold, is a zone for making machine readable entries (not used in passports issued before June 30, 2011, inclusive, this zone is filled in from July 1, 2011). In order to protect personal information, the third page is laminated with a film with a holographic image at high temperature. It contains images of a sixteen-pointed star with the letters "RF" inscribed in it and the coat of arms of the Russian Federation with the word "RUSSIA" written on it in the form of an arc, located through one horizontally and vertically; between the lines in each column are the words "RUSSIA" and "RUSSIA", alternating in the order of the columns. In the upper right corner of the third page there is an element in the form of a circle with the letters "RF". Depending on the angle of view, the element changes its color from magenta to green.^[5]
Page 4 - Entries and marks are not made.
Pages 5 to 12 - Designed for putting marks on the registration of a citizen and removing him from the registration at the place of residence. At the top of the fifth page with the orientation in the center is placed the props "Residence". Until December 31, 2004, in order to ensure visa-free travel to the Kaliningrad region without a foreign passport, photographs of children under the age of 14 were also pasted on the twelfth page - citizens of the Russian Federation.^[5]
Page 13 - Designed to mark the attitude of a citizen to military duty. At the top of the thirteenth page with orientation in the center is placed the props "Military duty".
Pages 14 – 15 - Designed for the production of marks on registration and divorce. At the top of the fourteenth page with an orientation in the center is the props "Marital Status".
Pages 16 – 17 - Designed to enter information about the children of the passport holder. At the top of the seventeenth page of the passport blank (parallel to the fold) with an orientation in the center is the props "Children". On the seventeenth page, continuing to the sixteenth, there is a table consisting of eighteen lines and four columns (from left to right): "Gender", "Last name, first name, patronymic", "Date of birth", "Personal code" (not used). In the "Personal code" column, a round red stamp of the Federal Migration Service of Russia is sometimes placed to confirm the citizenship of the Russian Federation in children. Lines for making entries on pages 16 and 17 are parallel to the fold of the form, applied at intervals of 6.6 mm.
Page 18 - intended for making notes about the blood type, Rh factor and TIN of the passport holder, as well as for obtaining the main document proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the Russian Federation.^[5]
Page 19 - intended for making notes on the receipt of the main identity document of a citizen of the Russian Federation outside the Russian Federation, as well as on previously issued basic documents proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Russian Federation. Information about issued foreign passports is also indicated here.
Page 20 - contains the grounds for information from the Regulation that is relevant for the passport holder: information about the duty of careful storage, reminders to replace the document on time, as well as the possibility to enter only the data provided for by this Regulation. This page has special marks: In the upper part there is a typographic drawing - an ornamental border strip with an orientation in the center (on the strip you can see the word "Russia" made in horizontal embossing), under the drawing the heading "Extract from the Regulations on the Passport of a Citizen of the Russian Federation" is printed.^[5]

Issuance, replacement and usage of passports

Authorities responsible for the issuance and replacement of passports

Passports are issued and replaced by territorial offices of the federal executive agency authorized to exercise powers in the area of migration - the place of residence of citizens, by place of stay or - the place of application. If there are agreements concluded with the territorial authorities of the Federal Migration Service, the documents for replacement/issuance of the passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation can be accepted by the Multifunctional Centres.

Previously, the issuance and replacement of passports was the responsibility of the Passport and Visa Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Following Presidential Decree No. 928 of July 19, 2004,^[6] the Passport and Visa Service was dissolved and the functions of control over migration and the issuing of passports were transferred to the Federal Migration Service. The final transfer took place on 1 January 2006, after the establishment of the territorial authorities of the FMS of Russia.

On 5 April 2016, by presidential decree,^[7] the Federal Migration Service was abolished and its functions and powers were transferred to the Main Directorate for Migration Issues of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Thus, currently, the issuance and replacement of passports are carried out by the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the place of residence, stay or application of citizens.

Replacement

Renewal of the Passport is regulated by a decree No.828 of 1997–2018 issued by the government which was signed by V. Chernomyrdin.^[1] According to the decree passports are due to be issued and replaced when the owner reaches certain age: at 14, 20, and 45 years old.^[1]

Upon reaching age of 20 and 45, the passport must be replaced within 30 days after date of birth. While undergoing military conscription, the passport can be issued or replaced at their place of residence at the end of the set period of military service. If a citizen is imprisoned, administration of a penal entity should return passport or render obtainment of a new one upon completion of punishment.

Rules for the use of a passport

A citizen is obliged to keep his passport with care. A citizen must immediately report the loss of a passport to a territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

It is forbidden to confiscate a citizen's passport, except in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Until a new passport is issued, a temporary identity document, the form of which is established by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, is provided at the citizen's request by a structural subdivision of the authority competent in the area of migration.^[8]

Persons whose citizenship of the Russian Federation has been terminated must surrender their passports to the internal affairs bodies at their place of residence or place of stay, or to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Persons residing outside the Russian Federation - to a diplomatic mission or consular office of the Russian Federation in the state of residence, which forwards them to the territorial authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the last place of residence or stay of these persons in the territory of the Russian Federation.^[8]

The found passport is to be handed over to the authorities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The passport of a person remanded in custody or sentenced to imprisonment is temporarily confiscated by the pretrial investigation agency or the court and added to the personal file of the person in question. On release from custody or when serving a sentence of deprivation of liberty, the passport is returned to the citizen.^[8]

The passport of a deceased citizen is handed over to the civil registry authorities at the place of registration of the death, which send it to the territorial office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the last place of residence or place of stay of the deceased citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation. The passport of a citizen who died outside the Russian Federation is taken to a diplomatic mission or consular office of the Russian Federation for its subsequent forwarding to the relevant territorial body of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.^[8]

Replacement with identity cards

In November 2010, the Ministry of Internal Affairs announced the cancellation of internal passports with the aim of replacing them with plastic identity cards or driver's licenses by 2025. Country-wide replacement was postponed until 15 March 2018 not to interfere with 2016 Duma election ^[9] and then until 2022.

Related Research Articles

An identity document is any document that may be used to prove a person's identity. If issued in a small, standard credit card size form, it is usually called an identity card, or passport card. Some countries issue formal identity documents, as national identification cards that may be compulsory or non-compulsory, while others may require identity verification using regional identification or informal documents. When the identity document incorporates a person's photograph, it may be called photo ID.

An internal or domestic passport is an identity document. Uses for internal passports have included restricting citizens of a subdivided state to employment in their own area, clearly recording the ethnicity of citizens to enforce segregation or prevent passing, and controlling access to sensitive sites or closed cities.

A propiska was both a written residency permit and a migration-recording tool, used in the Russian Empire before 1917 and in the Soviet Union from the 1930s. Literally, the word propiska means "inscription", alluding to the inscription in a state internal passport permitting a person to reside in a given living place. For a state-owned or third-party-owned property, having a propiska meant the inclusion of a person in the rental contract associated with a dwelling. A propiska is and always certified via local police registers and stamped in this internal passports. Undocumented residence anywhere for longer than a few weeks was prohibited.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soviet passport</span> Passport of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics issued to Soviet citizens

The Soviet passport was an identity document issued pursuant to the laws of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) for citizens of the USSR. For the general purposes of identity certification, Soviet passports contained such data as name, date of birth, gender, place of birth, ethnicity, and citizenship, as well as a photo of the passport holder. At different stages of development of the Soviet passport system, they could also contain information on place of work, social status, and other supporting information needed for those agencies and organizations to which the Soviet citizens used to appeal.

A Belarusian passport is issued to citizens of Belarus and is used for both external and internal travel. Unlike Russia, there are no internal passports in Belarus. Passports are issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Belarus and by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to citizens who live abroad.

The Russian passport is a booklet issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to Russian citizens for international travel. This external Russian passport is distinct from the internal Russian passport, which is a mandatory identity document for travel and identification purposes within Russia. Russian citizens must use their Russian passports when leaving or entering Russia, unless traveling to/from a country where the Russian internal ID is recognised as a valid travel document.

Romanian passport is an international travel document issued to nationals of Romania, and may also serve as proof of Romanian citizenship. Besides enabling the bearer to travel internationally and serving as indication of Romanian citizenship, the passport facilitates the process of securing assistance from Romanian consular officials abroad or other European Union member states in case a Romanian consular is absent, if needed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakhstani passport</span> Passport issued to citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstani passports are issued to citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan to facilitate international travel. Within the Republic of Kazakhstan citizens are required to use internal identification card which can also be used for travel to the Russian Federation, Kyrgyzstan and Albania. The Kazakh Ministry of Justice started issuing biometric passports on 5 January 2009.

Migration card is an identity document in the Union State of Russia and Belarus for foreign nationals. Originally they were bilingual (Russian/English), but were changed into Russian-only. The responses to the questionnaire in it may still be completed in English.

Russian citizenship law details the conditions by which a person holds citizenship of Russia. The primary law governing citizenship requirements is the federal law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation", which came into force on 1 July 2002.

The visa policy of Russia deals with the requirements which a foreign national wishing to enter the Russian Federation must meet to obtain a visa, which is a permit to travel to, enter, and remain in the country. Visa exemptions are based on bilateral or multilateral agreements.

The passport system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was an organisational framework of the single national civil registration system based upon identification documents, and managed in accordance with the laws by ministries and other governmental bodies authorised by the Constitution of the USSR in the sphere of internal affairs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Migration Service</span> Authority in Russia

The Federal Migration Service was a federal law enforcement agency of Russia responsible for implementing the state policy on migration and also performing law enforcement functions, functions for control, supervision, and provision of public services in the field of migration. The Federal Migration Service was responsible for the issuing of Russian international passports, resident registration and immigration control in Russia. Headquartered in Moscow, FMS was charged with the investigation and enforcement of over 500 federal statutes within the Russian Federation. FMS is led by a Director who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Russia.

Registration in the Russian Federation is the system that records the residence and internal migration of Russian citizens. The present system was introduced on October 1, 1993, and replaced the prior repressive mandatory Soviet system of propiska. The word "propiska" is still widely used colloquially to refer to the registration program.

A military identity card is an identity document issued to soldiers of the armed forces of various countries.

Passportization is defined as the mass conferral of citizenship to the population of a particular foreign territory by distributing passports, generally within a relatively short period. This policy has primarily been used by Russian authorities who have provided easy access for persons, usually holders of former Soviet passports, to apply for Russian passports. The basis for these naturalizations is Art. 14 Russian Citizenship Act, amended in 2002, which allows naturalization in a simplified procedure. In particular, the requirement of five years' residence on Russian territory is suspended for former citizens of the Soviet Union, Art. 14 para. 4 Russian Citizenship Act. As the number of Russian passport holders in regions of adjoining nations grows, Russia then invokes its national interest in defending its citizens by promoting the independence or annexation of these regions. This process has been most common in Georgia and Ukraine.

The Ukrainian identity card or Passport of the Citizen of Ukraine is an identity document issued to citizens of Ukraine. Every Ukrainian citizen aged 14 or above that permanently resides in Ukraine must possess an identity card issued by the State Migration Service. Ukrainian identity cards can be used as a travel document to enter Ukraine, Georgia, Ireland, Moldova, Russia and Turkey.

The visa history of Russia deals with the requirements, in different historical epochs, that a foreign national had to meet in order to obtain a visa or entry permit, to enter and stay in the country.

The Main Directorate for Migration Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is a law enforcement agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia responsible for migration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kazakh identity card</span> National identity card of Kazakhstan

Identity card of a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan is issued to citizens from the age of 16 and is valid on the territory of the republic. All citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan permanently residing in its territory must have an identity card. It was introduced in 1994 shortly after independence to replace the internal passport of the Soviet Union.

References

Notes

↑ officially in Russian: Паспорт гражданина Российской ФедерацииPasport grazhdanina Rossiyskoy Federatsii, "Passport (of a) Citizen of the Russian Federation", commonly referred to as паспорт

Sources

1 2 3 "Об утверждении Положения о паспорте гражданина Российской Федерации, образца бланка и описания паспорта гражданина Российской Федерации". pravo.gov.ru. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
↑ "Russian passport history (PDF)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-04. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
↑ Bradley, p. 107
↑ Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 13.03.1997 N 232 'About main identity document of the citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Russian Federation' (Указ Президента РФ от 13.03.1997 №232 Об основном документе удостоверяющем личность гражданина Российской Федерации на территории Российской Федерации).
1 2 3 4 "Положение о паспорте гражданина Российской Федерации" (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-08-01.
↑ "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 19.07.2004 г. № 928". Президент России (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-25.
↑ "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 5 апреля 2016 г. N 156 г. Москва "О совершенствовании государственного управления в сфере контроля за оборотом наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров и в сфере миграции"". Российская газета (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-25.
1 2 3 4 "Выдача (замена) паспорта гражданина РФ". gu.spb.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-25.
↑ Russian Federal Government Decree №315 from 16.04.2016 (Russian)

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[1] y in Russian: Паспорт гражданина Российской ФедерацииPasport grazhdanina Rossiyskoy Federatsii, "Passport (of a) Citizen of the Russian Federation", commonly referred to as паспорт

[:0-2] 1 2 3 "Об утверждении Положения о паспорте гражданина Российской Федерации, образца бланка и описания паспорта гражданина Российской Федерации". pravo.gov.ru. Retrieved 2020-09-29.

[3] "Russian passport history (PDF)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-04-04. Retrieved 2017-04-04.

[4] Bradley, p. 107

[5] Decree of the President of the Russian Federation from 13.03.1997 N 232 'About main identity document of the citizen of the Russian Federation on the territory of the Russian Federation' (Указ Президента РФ от 13.03.1997 №232 Об основном документе удостоверяющем личность гражданина Российской Федерации на территории Российской Федерации).

[visa-work.ru-6] 1 2 3 4 "Положение о паспорте гражданина Российской Федерации" (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-08-01.

[7] "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 19.07.2004 г. № 928". Президент России (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-25.

[8] "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 5 апреля 2016 г. N 156 г. Москва "О совершенствовании государственного управления в сфере контроля за оборотом наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров и в сфере миграции"". Российская газета (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-25.

[:1-9] 1 2 3 4 "Выдача (замена) паспорта гражданина РФ". gu.spb.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-07-25.

[10] Russian Federal Government Decree №315 from 16.04.2016 (Russian)

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