Notogibbula bicarinata

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Notogibbula bicarinata
Notogibbula bicarinata 001.jpg
Apertural view of a shell of Notogibbula bicarinata
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Vetigastropoda
Order: Trochida
Superfamily: Trochoidea
Family: Trochidae
Genus: Notogibbula
Species:
N. bicarinata
Binomial name
Notogibbula bicarinata
(A. Adams, 1854)
Synonyms [1]
  • Trochus coxiFischer, P. 1879.
  • Calliotrochus coxiHedley, C. 1918
  • Gibbula bicarinataAdams, 1854 (basionym)
  • Gibbula coxiAngas, 1867

Notogibbula bicarinata, common name "Cox's top shell", is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Trochidae, the top shells. [2]

In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. A common name is sometimes frequently used, but that is by no means always the case.

In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Sea snail common name for snails that normally live in saltwater

Sea snail is a common name for snails that normally live in salt water, in other words marine gastropods. The taxonomic class Gastropoda also includes snails that live in other habitats, such as land snails and freshwater snails. Many species of sea snails are edible and exploited as food sources by humans.

Contents

Description

The shell has an orbicularly conical shape and is moderately umbilicated. It is rather solid and smooth but not glossy .The height and width of the shell are almost equal, with a maximum width of 1 cm. The pink or fawn shell shows dark purple and brown markings with a pattern of zig-zag brown lines, and with a few broad pure white flames descending from the sutures and interrupted on the keels with brownish red. The five whorls have a strong shoulder and basal angulations. They contain two prominent rounded keels, one next the suture; slightly concave between the suture and upper keel, and a little concave between the keels, The whorls are finely spirally ridged and decussated with exceedingly fine and close oblique longitudinal lines. The sculpture of the shell shows microscopic spiral threads. The convex base of the shell is reticulated with gray and minutely spotted with red. It is finely concentrically ridged and decussated like the whorls, the ridges increasing in size toward the umbilicus. The white aperture is round and occupies about half the length of the shell. The parietal callus and the curved columella have both a smooth appearance. The white, narrow umbilicus goes deep into the shell. [3] [4] [5]

In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

Whorl (mollusc)

A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the ammonites.

Umbilicus (mollusc)

The umbilicus of a shell is the axially aligned, hollow cone-shaped space within the whorls of a coiled mollusc shell. The term umbilicus is often used in descriptions of gastropod shells, i.e. it is a feature present on the ventral side of many snail shells, including some species of sea snails, land snails, and freshwater snails.

A shell of Notogibbula bicarinata, apical view Notogibbula bicarinata 002.jpg
A shell of Notogibbula bicarinata, apical view

Distribution

This species inhabits the shallow subtidal zone of sandy bays, among seaweed and seagrass along the coasts of southern Western Australia to New South Wales and Tasmania.

Seaweed Macroscopic marine algae

Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae. The term includes some types of Rhodophyta (red), Phaeophyta (brown) and Chlorophyta (green) macroalgae. Marine algae species such as kelps provide essential nursery habitat for fisheries and other marine species and thus protect food sources; ocean algae species, from seaweeds to certain plankton, play a vital role in carbon capture, producing up to 90 percent of the planet's oxygen. Understanding these roles provides guiding principles for conservation and sustainable use of seaweeds to take precedence over industrial exploitation. Mechanical dredging of kelp, for instance, destroys the resource and dependent fisheries.

Seagrass group of plants, with the same habit

Seagrasses are flowering plants (angiosperms) which grow in marine environments. There are 60 species of fully marine seagrasses which belong to four families, all in the order Alismatales. Seagrasses evolved from terrestrial plants which migrated back into the ocean about 75 to 100 million years ago.

Western Australia State in Australia

Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, and the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres, and the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. The state has about 2.6 million inhabitants – around 11 percent of the national total – of whom the vast majority live in the south-west corner, 79 per cent of the population living in the Perth area, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated.

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References

  1. ↑ OBIS : Notogibbula bicarinata
  2. ↑ Marshall, B. (2014). Notogibbula bicarinata (A. Adams, 1854). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=719234 on 2014-06-08
  3. ↑ H. Pilsbry, Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (described as Gibbula coxi)
  4. ↑ Patty Jansen, The family Trochidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Sydney metropolitan area and adjacent coast
  5. ↑ Des Beechey, The Seashells of New South Wales; accessed 23 August 2010
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