Novotorzhsky Uyezd Новоторжский Уезд | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Seat | Torzhok |
| Area | |
| • Total | 5,237.8 km2 (2,022.3 sq mi) |
| Population (1913) | |
| • Total | 190,000 |
| • Density | 36/km2 (94/sq mi) |
Novotorzhsky Uyezd was an administrative-territorial unit (uyezd) of the Tver Governorate as part of the Russian Empire and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The uyezd town was Torzhok.
The county was located in the central part of the Tver Governorate. The area of the uyezd was 4,602.4 square versts.
The surface of the uyezd was a flat hill, gradually descending from the northwest to the southeast. A branch of the Valdai Mountains enters the uyezd from the west, forming a marshy hill, from which the county river originates (Osuga, Big Kosh and others).
The main river – Tvertsa, crosses the uyezd for 97 versts; the following fall into Tvertsa: Osuga (125 versts) with Poved (74 versts), Logovyazh (63 versts) and others. In the northeast along the border of the uyezd is Medveditsa (15 versts), in the south – Tma (25 versts), in the west – Bolshaya Kosha (25 versts), the last three flow into the Volga outside the uyezd. Only Tvertsa is navigable, rafting along all the named rivers, excluding Logovyazh. The riverbanks are densely populated: the city of Torzhok and 39 villages, with 35 thousand inhabitants, are located along Tvertsa; in Osuga – 44 (7 thousand inhabitants), in the Poved – 20 (3 thousand inhabitants), in the Logovyazh – 23 (3 thousand inhabitants). Tsna and Bolshaya Kosha belong to the upper reaches of the uyezd and flow among the forests. There are two mills and several sawmills in Osuga. On the banks of Osugi, Poved, Logovyazh and Tma are good floodplains.
The name of the county came from the ancient name of the city of Torzhok – Novyy Torg. Novotorzhskaya was called a city volost in the Novgorod Land. In the 15th century it was annexed to the Russian State and Novotorzhy Uyezd appeared in its composition. In 1708, the uyezd was assigned to the Ingermanland Governorate, in 1719 to the Tver Province of Saint Petersburg Governorate, in 1727 – to the Novgorod Governorate. In 1775 it became part of the Tver Viceroyalty, renamed in the governorate in 1796. After this, the borders of the uyezd did not change until March 1924, when part of the territory of the liquidated Staritsky Uyezd passed to it.
In 1929, the county was abolished, its territory became part of the Tver District of the Moscow Region.
In 1913 there were 18 volosts in the uyezd: [1]
In police terms, the uyezd was divided into three camps:
After 1917, the number of volosts increased to 20 in 1922, but in 1924, after the enlargement of the volosts, 10 remained.
The population in 1863 was 139.7 thousand people (excluding Torzhok), in 1897 – 150,169 people, in 1913 – 190 thousand people.
Populated places, except for the city, are 1006 (of which 6 have more than 1000 inhabitants: Mednoye, Vydropuzhsk, Struzhnya, Selishche-Khvoshnya, Obodovo, Sukromlya).
At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Novotorzhsky Uyezd had a population of 146,178. Of these, 89.1% spoke Russian, 10.6% Karelian and 0.1% Yiddish as their native language. [2]
Orthodox dominated, although among the peasants of the uyezd there are many schismatics of various interpretations, as well as Pashkovites, Suyutayevites and other sectarians. Peasants made up 98.5% of the total rural population.
The main occupation of the population is agriculture, crafts are developed (including art – gold embroidery, lace), in the number of mills and the volume of grinded wheat, Novotorzhsky Uyezd occupied the first place in the Tver Governorate. After the reform of 1861, the size of peasant allotments was greatly reduced; in the second half of the 19th century, for 17% of peasants, crafts became the main source of livelihood, for most of the rest they accounted for most of the income.
Otkhodnichestvo was widespread (at the beginning of the 20th century over 38 thousand peasants went to work annually) – 2/3 of the men and about 1/2 of the women work in Saint Petersburg, the rest – on the railway, in Tver, Moscow and other places. Men go to work as rags, bricklayers, masons, laborers, cabmen, workers on the railway and in factories; women go to work mainly in personal service, in agricultural work and in factories.
Currently, the territory of Novotorzhsky Uyezd (within the borders of 1917) is part of 6 districts of the Tver Oblast:
Mednoye is a village in Kalininsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Tvertsa River, 28 km west of Tver, by the Moscow–St.Petersburg highway. Population: 3,047 (1992).
Torzhok is a town in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Tvertsa River along the federal highway M10 and a branch of the Oktyabrskaya Railway division of the Russian Railways. The town is famous for its folk craft of goldwork embroidery. Population: 47,644 (2010 Census); 48,967 (2002 Census); 49,982 (1989 Census).
The Tvertsa is a river in Vyshnevolotsky, Spirovsky, Torzhoksky, and Kalininsky Districts, as well as in the cities of Torzhok and Tver in Tver Oblast, Russia, a left tributary of the Volga. It is 188 kilometres (117 mi) long, and the area of its basin 6,510 square kilometres (2,510 sq mi). The principal tributaries of the Tvertsa are the Malaya Tigma (left), the Shchegrinka (right), the Osuga (right), the Logovyazh (left), and the Kava (left).
Kuvshinovo is a town and the administrative center of Kuvshinovsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Osuga, 133 kilometers (83 mi) from Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 10,007 (2010 Census); 11,276 (2002 Census); 12,435 (1989 Census).
Administratively, Tver Oblast is divided into two urban-type settlements under the federal government management, five cities and towns of oblast significance, and thirty-six districts.
Likhoslavl is a town and the administrative center of Likhoslavlsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Moscow–St. Petersburg Railway, 41 kilometers (25 mi) northwest of Tver, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 12,257 (2010 Census); 12,515 (2002 Census); 13,449 (1989 Census).
Firovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with the urban-type settlement of Ozyorny in the north, Bologovsky District in the northeast, Vyshnevolotsky District in the east, Kuvshinovsky District in the south, Ostashkovsky District in the southwest, Demyansky District of Novgorod Oblast in the west, and with Valdaysky District, also of Novgorod Oblast, in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,836 square kilometers (709 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Firovo. Population: 9,396 ; 11,919 (2002 Census); 14,282 (1989 Census). The population of Firovo accounts for 25.9% of the district's total population.
Kuvshinovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vyshnevolotsky District in the north, Torzhoksky District in the east, Staritsky District in the south, Selizharovsky District in the southwest, Ostashkovsky District in the west, and with Firovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,874 square kilometers (724 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Kuvshinovo. Population: 15,386 ; 17,847 (2002 Census); 20,601 (1989 Census). The population of Kuvshinovo accounts for 65.0% of the district's total population.
Likhoslavlsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Maksatikhinsky District in the north, Rameshkovsky District in the east, Kalininsky District in the south, Torzhoksky District in the southwest, and with Spirovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 1,781 square kilometers (688 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Likhoslavl. Population: 28,492 ; 30,079 (2002 Census); 33,942 (1989 Census). The population of Likhoslavl accounts for 43.0% of the district's total population.
Oleninsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders with Selizharovsky District in the north, Rzhevsky District in the east, Sychyovsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the southeast, Belsky District in the south, and with Nelidovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 2,675 square kilometers (1,033 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Olenino. Population: 12,675 ; 14,817 (2002 Census); 18,892 (1989 Census). The population of Olenino accounts for 38.8% of the district's total population.
Penovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with Ostashkovsky District in the north, Selizharovsky District in the east, Andreapolsky District in the south, and with Maryovsky District of Novgorod Oblast in the west. The area of the district is 2,385 square kilometers (921 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Peno. Population: 6,864 ; 8,523 (2002 Census); 10,291 (1989 Census). The population of Peno accounts for 61.5% of the district's total population.
Rzhevsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the south of the oblast and borders with Staritsky District in the north, Zubtsovsky District in the east, Sychyovsky District of Smolensk Oblast in the south, Oleninsky District in the west, and with Selizharovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 2,760 square kilometers (1,070 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Rzhev. Population: 12,480 ; 14,674 (2002 Census); 17,664 (1989 Census).
Spirovsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Maksatikhinsky District in the north, Likhoslavlsky District in the east, Torzhoksky District in the south, and with Vyshnevolotsky District in the west. The area of the district is 1,498 square kilometers (578 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban locality of Spirovo. Population: 12,203 ; 13,805 (2002 Census); 15,412 (1989 Census). The population of Spirovo accounts for 51.4% of the district's total population.
Staritsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the central and southern parts of the oblast and borders with Kuvshinovsky District in the north, Torzhoksky District in the northeast, Kalininsky District in the east, Lotoshinsky District of Moscow Oblast in the southeast, Zubtsovsky District in the south, Rzhevsky District in the southwest, and with Selizharovsky District in the west. The area of the district is 3,005 square kilometers (1,160 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Staritsa. Population: 24,056 ; 25,765 (2002 Census); 28,764 (1989 Census). The population of Staritsa accounts for 35.8% of the district's total population.
Torzhoksky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Spirovsky District in the north, Likhoslavlsky District in the northeast, Kalininsky District in the east, Staritsky District in the south, Kuvshinovsky District in the west, and with Vyshnevolotsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,128 square kilometers (1,208 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Torzhok. Population: 22,534 ; 23,856 (2002 Census); 27,376 (1989 Census).
Vyshnevolotsky District is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the thirty-six in Tver Oblast, Russia. It is located in the north of the oblast and borders with Udomelsky District in the north, Maksatikhinsky District in the northeast, Spirovsky District in the east, Torzhoksky District in the south, Kuvshinovsky District in the southwest, Firovsky District in the west, and with Bologovsky District in the northwest. The area of the district is 3,400 square kilometers (1,300 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Vyshny Volochyok. Population: 25,421 ; 28,918 (2002 Census); 34,579 (1989 Census).
