 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name 4′-Fluoroadenosine 5′-sulfamate | |
| Systematic IUPAC name [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl sulfamate | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
PubChem CID | |
| UNII | |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C10H13FN6O6S | |
| Molar mass | 364.31 g·mol−1 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Nucleocidin is a fluorine-containing nucleoside produced by Streptomyces calvus . [1]
Nucleocidin stems from the ribonucleoside adenosine [2] - is unique because it possess two rare functional groups: a fluorine atom and a sulfamyl ester [3]
During 1968 the attempts to identify nucleocidin were made and at that time it was assigned to a structure of a 9-adenyl-4' -sulfamoyloxypentofuranoside, which was mainly based on experiments from NMR and mass spectrometry, as well as testing in chemical reactions. It was ultimately proven to have a structure of a 4' -fluoro-5' -O-sulphamoyladenosine. [4]
Nucleocidin is an antibiotic produced from Streptomyces calvus . Though toxic to mammals, it is able to function against bacteria both gram negative gram positive. It may be used against trypanosomes. [5]
Though commonly known to be produced by Streptomyces calvus, nucleocidin is produced in greater yield by Streptomyces virens and Streptomycesaurorectus. [6]
The compound is capable of interrupting the synthesis of peptides. [7]
Osteosclerosis is a disorder characterized by abnormal hardening of bone and an elevation in bone density. It may predominantly affect the medullary portion and/or cortex of bone. Plain radiographs are a valuable tool for detecting and classifying osteosclerotic disorders. It can manifest in localized or generalized osteosclerosis. Localized osteosclerosis can be caused by Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease, sickle-cell disease and osteoarthritis among others. Osteosclerosis can be classified in accordance with the causative factor into acquired and hereditary.
Human embryonic kidney 293 cells, also often referred to as HEK 293, HEK-293, 293 cells, are an immortalised cell line derived from HEK cells isolated from a female fetus in the 1970s.
Glycogenin is an enzyme involved in converting glucose to glycogen. It acts as a primer, by polymerizing the first few glucose molecules, after which other enzymes take over. It is a homodimer of 37-kDa subunits and is classified as a glycosyltransferase.
Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is a synthetic organofluorine compound with the chemical formula CF3CO2H. It is a haloacetic acid, with all three of the acetyl group's hydrogen atoms replaced by fluorine atoms. It is a colorless liquid with a vinegar-like odor. TFA is a stronger acid than acetic acid, having an acid ionisation constant, Ka, that is approximately 34,000 times higher, as the highly electronegative fluorine atoms and consequent electron-withdrawing nature of the trifluoromethyl group weakens the oxygen-hydrogen bond (allowing for greater acidity) and stabilises the anionic conjugate base. TFA is commonly used in organic chemistry for various purposes.
Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain a carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil and water repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, and reagents in catalysis. In addition to these applications, some organofluorine compounds are pollutants because of their contributions to ozone depletion, global warming, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. The area of organofluorine chemistry often requires special techniques associated with the handling of fluorinating agents.
Aldonic acids are sugar acids with the general chemical formula, HO2C(CHOH)nCH2OH. They are obtained by oxidizing the aldehyde (-CHO group) of an aldose to form a carboxylic acid (-COOH group). Aldonic acids are generally found in their ring form. However, these rings do not have a chiral carbon at the terminal end bearing the aldehyde, and they cannot form R−O−R′ linkages between different molecules.
Ribulose 5-phosphate is one of the end-products of the pentose phosphate pathway. It is also an intermediate in the Calvin cycle.
Amine N-methyltransferase, also called indolethylamine N-methyltransferase, and thioether S-methyltransferase, is an enzyme that is ubiquitously present in non-neural tissues and catalyzes the N-methylation of tryptamine and structurally related compounds. More recently, it was discovered that this enzyme can also catalyze the methylation of thioether and selenoether compounds, although the physiological significance of this biotransformation is not yet known.
In enzymology, a 2,5-dihydroxypyridine 5,6-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a fluorothreonine transaldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The fluorinase enzyme catalyzes the reaction between fluoride ion and the co-factor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to generate L-methionine and 5'-fluoro-5'-deoxyadenosine, the first committed product of the fluorometabolite biosynthesis pathway. The fluorinase was originally isolated from the soil bacterium Streptomyces cattleya, but homologues have since been identified in a number of other bacterial species, including Streptomyces sp. MA37, Nocardia brasiliensis and Actinoplanes sp. N902-109. This is the only known enzyme capable of catalysing the formation of a carbon-fluorine bond, the strongest single bond in organic chemistry.
Clavams are a class of β-lactam antibiotics. These antibiotics are derived from Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL 3585. This class is divided into the clavulanic acid class and the 5S clavams class. Both groups are the outcomes of the fermentation process produced by Streptomyces spp. Clavulanic acid is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and 5S clavams may have anti-fungal properties. They are similar to penams, but with an oxygen substituted for the sulfur. Thus, they are also known as oxapenams.
Keratinases are proteolytic enzymes that digest keratin.
Electrophilic fluorination is the combination of a carbon-centered nucleophile with an electrophilic source of fluorine to afford organofluorine compounds. Although elemental fluorine and reagents incorporating an oxygen-fluorine bond can be used for this purpose, they have largely been replaced by reagents containing a nitrogen-fluorine bond.
Carbomycin, also known as magnamycin, is a colorless, optically active crystalline macrolide antibiotic with the molecular formula C42H67N O16. It is derived from the bacterium Streptomyces halstedii and active in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and "certain Mycoplasma strains." Its structure was first proposed by Robert Woodward in 1957 and was subsequently corrected in 1965.
Streptomyces cacaoi is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces. Streptomyces cacaoi produces polyoxine.
Streptomyces calvus is a bacterium species from the genus of Streptomyces which has been isolated from soil in Dinepur in India. Streptomyces calvus produces nucleocidin, adiposin 1 and adiposin 2.
Carotane is a plant pigment that belongs to a class of tetraterpenes called carotenoids. These tetraterpenes are known for their yellow, orange, and red colors as these are organic pigments. These colors are beneficial to their host species that tend to be plants and algae. Within plants, carotenoids play the major roles of allowing light to be absorbed via photosynthesis as well ad providing photoprotection through a non-photochemical quenching.
Exiguobacterium aurantiacum is a Gram-positive, alkaliphilic, halotolerant and non-spore-forming bacterium that is the type species of the genus Exiguobacterium.E. aurantiacum cells contain a bright orange carotenoid pigment that has been evaluated as a potential natural pigment source in industry.E. aurantiacum has been associated with bacteremia in one case study after it was isolated from six human patients.
2-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol is an organic compound with the molecular formula C6H15NO2 and is a liquid at room temperature. Dimethylaminoethoxyethanol is polyfunctional, having a tertiary amine, ether and hydroxyl functionality. Like other organic amines, it acts as a weak base.