Management science is a wide and interdisciplinary study of solving complex problems and making strategic decisions as it pertains to institutions, corporations, governments and other types of organizational entities. It is closely related to management, economics, business, engineering, management consulting, and other fields. It uses various scientific research-based principles, strategies, and analytical methods including mathematical modeling, statistics and numerical algorithms and aims to improve an organization's ability to enact rational and accurate management decisions by arriving at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex decision problems.
Operations research, often shortened to the initialism OR, is a discipline that deals with the development and application of analytical methods to improve decision-making. It is considered to be a subfield of mathematical sciences. The term management science is occasionally used as a synonym.
An operational definition specifies concrete, replicable procedures designed to represent a construct. In the words of American psychologist S.S. Stevens (1935), "An operation is the performance which we execute in order to make known a concept." For example, an operational definition of "fear" often includes measurable physiologic responses that occur in response to a perceived threat. Thus, "fear" might be operationally defined as specified changes in heart rate, galvanic skin response, pupil dilation, and blood pressure.
In research design, especially in psychology, social sciences, life sciences and physics, operationalization or operationalisation is a process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon which is not directly measurable, though its existence is inferred from other phenomena. Operationalization thus defines a fuzzy concept so as to make it clearly distinguishable, measurable, and understandable by empirical observation. In a broader sense, it defines the extension of a concept—describing what is and is not an instance of that concept. For example, in medicine, the phenomenon of health might be operationalized by one or more indicators like body mass index or tobacco smoking. As another example, in visual processing the presence of a certain object in the environment could be inferred by measuring specific features of the light it reflects. In these examples, the phenomena are difficult to directly observe and measure because they are general/abstract or they are latent. Operationalization helps infer the existence, and some elements of the extension, of the phenomena of interest by means of some observable and measurable effects they have.
The Foreign Military Studies Office, or FMSO, is a research and analysis center for the United States Army that is part of the United States Army Combined Arms Center at Fort Leavenworth. It manages the Joint Reserve Intelligence Center there.
The Air Command and Staff College (ACSC) is located at Maxwell Air Force Base in Montgomery, Alabama and is the United States Air Force's intermediate-level Professional Military Education (PME) school. It is a subordinate command of the Air University (AU), also located at Maxwell AFB, and is part of the Air Education and Training Command (AETC) headquartered at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas.
Knowledge Management Research & Practice (KMRP) is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all aspects of managing knowledge, organisational learning, intellectual capital and knowledge economics. It is an official journal of the Operational Research Society. According to its homepage, it has also been accepted in Thomson Reuters Social Sciences Citation Index and its current impact factor is 2.744, according to the 2020 Journal Citation Reports.
Networks and Spatial Economics (NETS) is an international academic journal devoted to the mathematical and numerical study of economic activities facilitated by human infrastructure, broadly defined to include technologies pertinent to information, telecommunications, the Internet, transportation, energy storage and transmission, and water resources. Because the spatial organization of infrastructure most generally takes the form of networks, the journal encourages submissions that employ a network perspective. However, non-network continuum models are also recognized as an important tradition that has provided great insight into spatial economic phenomena; consequently, the journal welcomes with equal enthusiasm submissions based on continuum models. The current Editor-in-Chief is Prof. Terry L. Friesz at the Pennsylvania State University.
The Academy of Management is a professional association for scholars of management and organizations that was established in 1936. It publishes several academic journals, organizes conferences, and provides others forums for management professors and managers to communicate research and ideas.
The Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research (APJOR) aims to provide a "forum for practitioners, academics and researchers in Operational Research and related fields, within and beyond the Asia-Pacific region". It is also the official journal of the Association of Asian-Pacific Operational Research Societies within IFORS (APORS)] and is published by World Scientific. It has an emphasis on papers of practical relevance to the field of Operational Research.
The Center for Community College Student Engagement is a research and service project of the Program in Higher Education Leadership in The University of Texas at Austin (UT) College of Education. The Center was founded in 2001 under the name Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE). Major grants from the Houston Endowment Inc., the Lumina Foundation for Education, the MetLife Foundation, the James Irvine Foundation, and The Pew Charitable Trusts have supported the Center's work.
The Journal of the Operational Research Society is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering operations research. It is an official journal of The Operational Research Society and has been in existence since 1950. It publishes full length case-oriented papers, full length theoretical papers, technical notes, discussions (viewpoints) and book reviews.
The Operational Research Society (ORS), also known as The OR Society, is an international learned society in the field of operational research (OR), with more than 3,100 members (2021). It has its headquarters in Birmingham, England.
International Transactions in Operational Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal which is published six times a year by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies. The editorial mission of the journal is to advance the theory and practice of Operational Research and Management Science internationally. The current Editor is Celso C. Ribeiro, Universidade Federal Fluminense.
In the fields of information technology (IT) and systems management, IT operations analytics (ITOA) is an approach or method to retrieve, analyze, and report data for IT operations. ITOA may apply big data analytics to large datasets to produce business insights. In 2014, Gartner predicted its use might increase revenue or reduce costs. By 2017, it predicted that 15% of enterprises will use IT operations analytics technologies.
The European Journal of Operational Research (EJOR) is a peer-reviewed academic journal in operations research. It was founded in 1977 by the Association of European Operational Research Societies, and is published by Elsevier, with Roman Słowiński as its Co-ordinating Editor. Currently, it publishes at a rate of 24 issues per annual volume, with approximately 250 pages per issue.
The French Operations Research & Decision Support Society is a professional non-profit society that aims to promote the scientific field of Operations Research (OR) and Decision Support (DS) in France. The society is a member of the European umbrella organization, the Association of European Operational Research Societies (EURO), and of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies (IFORS).
The Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa is the professional non-profit society for the scientific fields of Statistics and Operations Research in Spain. It was founded in 1962 and it is dedicated to the development, improvement and promotion of the methods and applications of Statistics and Operations Research in its widest possible sense. The society has an ultimate goal of putting Statistics and Operations Research to the service of science and society. The society is recognized by the International Federation of Operational Research Societies and its subgrouping, the Association of European Operational Research Societies, as the main national society for Operations Research in its country. SEIO is also member of CIMPA, Centre International de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées, Confederación de Sociedades Científicas de España (COSCE), and of the European Mathematical Society (EMS).
The EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics (EJTL) is a peer-reviewed academic journal in operations research that was established in 2011 and is now published by Elsevier. It is an official journal of the Association of European Operational Research Societies, promoting the use of mathematics in general, and operations research in particular, in the context of transportation and logistics.
The EURO Journal on Computational Optimization (EJCO) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that was established in 2012 and is now published by Elsevier. It is an official journal of the Association of European Operational Research Societies, promoting the use of computers for the solution of optimization problems. Coverage includes both methodological contributions and innovative applications, typically validated through convincing computational experiments.
