| Oedipina maritima | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Urodela |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Genus: | Oedipina |
| Species: | O. maritima |
| Binomial name | |
| Oedipina maritima | |
Oedipina maritima, commonly known as the maritime worm salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Isla Escudo de Veraguas, Panama. [3]
Oedipina maritima is a small salamander species: males grow to a snout–vent length (SVL) of 40–46 mm (1.6–1.8 in) and females to 35–44 mm (1.4–1.7 in). The head is small and narrow, and the body is slender, with tail longer than SVL. [2]
The clutch size is about six eggs. They have direct development: eggs hatch into juveniles that measure about 12 mm (0.47 in) in total length, still retaining their gills. [2]
This species is known only from Isla Escudo de Veraguas in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. [3] If it is restricted to this island (there is a juvenile specimen from the mainland that may belong to this species), it is the only tropical salamander that is endemic to an island. [2] It is found close to sea level in humid lowland forest and mangrove forest. [1] The type series was found in decaying fronds and associated moist litter near a fallen palm in a coconut palm grove. [2]
It is threatened by habitat loss (forest clearance). [1]
The arboreal salamander is a species of climbing salamander. An insectivore, it is native to California and Baja California, where it is primarily associated with oak and sycamore woodlands, and thick chaparral.
Oedipina complex, commonly known as the Gamboa worm salamander, is a species of lungless salamander found in western South America from Costa Rica to western Colombia and north-western Ecuador. This species inhabits humid tropical lowland forest where it can be found on the ground, and on bushy vegetation, logs and rocks. It can also be found on forest edges, but it does not survive in degraded areas. Deforestation is a threat to this species.
The pygmy three-toed sloth, also known as the monk sloth or dwarf sloth, is a sloth endemic to Isla Escudo de Veraguas, a small island off the coast of Panama. The species was first described by Robert P. Anderson of the University of Kansas and Charles O. Handley Jr., of the Smithsonian Institution in 2001. The pygmy three-toed sloth is significantly smaller than the other three members of its genus, but otherwise resembles the brown-throated three-toed sloth. According to Anderson and Handley Jr., the head-and-body length is between 48 and 53 centimetres, and the body mass ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 kg.
Isla Escudo de Veraguas is a small (4.3 km2) isolated Caribbean island of the Republic of Panama. Despite its name, it is not part of the province of Veraguas, but rather Bocas del Toro. Although located only 17 km from the coastline in the Golfo de los Mosquitos and isolated for only about 9000 years, several animals found on the island are distinct from their mainland counterparts, and two mammal species or subspecies are recognized as occurring only on the island: the fruit bat Dermanura watsoni incomitata and the sloth Bradypus pygmaeus. These two taxa and the worm salamander Oedipina maritima are all considered to be critically endangered due to their being unique to the small island. Other mammals found on the island include the bats Glossophaga soricina, Micronycteris megalotis, Carollia brevicauda, Myotis riparius, and Saccopteryx leptura, the spiny rat Hoplomys gymnurus, and the opossum Caluromys derbianus. The island has 26.36 acres (10.67 ha) of mangrove forest and 247 acres (100 ha) of coral reef with 55 coral species. It houses over 11,000 species, such as the pygmy sloth. And has an average high of 23 degrees Celsius and a low of 12 degrees Celsius.
The Escudo hummingbird is a hummingbird in the subfamily Trochilinae. It was long considered a doubtfully distinct species, but more recently it is generally treated as a subspecies of the rufous-tailed hummingbird, A. tzacatl.
The San Gil climbing salamander, also known as the San Gil mushroomtongue salamander, is a species of salamander belonging to the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Colombia, and its natural habitats are tropical highly humid forests; it has also been reported from a coffee plantation. The greatest threat posed to this species is habitat loss, however they are currently nowhere near the risk of extinction. The species' name honors Antoine Rouhaire, a French naturalist who collected the species holotype.
Bolitoglossa pandi is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the Cundinamarca Department of Colombia and only known from three locations on the western slopes of the Cordillera Oriental, including its type locality, Pandi; it is named after the type locality where it had been collected 50 years before being described as a new species in 1963.
Ixalotriton parva, the dwarf false brook salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to a small mountainous area of Mexico where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. There is some doubt whether this species should be classified as Pseudoeurycea parva or Ixalotriton parva.
Oedipina alfaroi is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found in the Caribbean versant of eastern Costa Rica and northwestern Panama. It is commonly known as the Limon worm salamander.
Oedipina alleni is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. Its common name is Allen's worm salamander. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Oedipina carablanca, commonly known as the Los Diamantes worm salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Costa Rica and is only known from its type locality, Los Diamantes, near Guápiles, Limón Province.
Oedipina collaris is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Oedipina gracilis is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Oedipina grandis is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Oedipina pacificensis is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, plantations, rural gardens, and heavily degraded former forest. The worm salamander has an average total length of 108 to 175 mm among adults.
Oedipina poelzi, commonly known as the quarry worm salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Costa Rica and found in the Cordillera de Tilarán, Cordillera Central, and Cordillera de Talamanca.
Oedipina taylori, commonly known as Taylor's worm salamander, is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is found on the Pacific versant in south-eastern Guatemala, to central to north-eastern El Salvador and adjacent southern Honduras. Honduran populations might represent another species.
Pseudoeurycea lynchi, commonly known as the Veracruz green salamander, is a species of salamanders in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to the central Sierra Madre Oriental in Veracruz and Puebla states, Mexico.
The southern giant salamander is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae. It is endemic to Mexico and known from western and southern Oaxaca and eastern Guerrero. It is the largest tropical salamander; the holotype had a total length of about 24 cm (9.4 in) and weighed 58 grams (2.0 oz).
Thorius aureus, the golden thorius, is a species of salamander in the genus Thorius, the Mexican pigmy salamanders, part of the lungless salamander family. It is endemic to mountainous areas of north central Oaxaca State in Mexico. It is one of the largest Thorius species.
