Oil Capital Historic District (Tulsa, Oklahoma)

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Oil Capital Historic District
Oil Capital Historic District.jpg
Oil Capital Historic District in Tulsa, looking East along 5th Street from Main Street intersection
LocationTulsa, Oklahoma
Built19101967
Architectmultiple
Architectural stylemultiple
NRHP reference No. 10001013
Added to NRHPDecember 13, 2010

The Oil Capital Historic District (OCHD) is an area in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma that commemorates the success of the oil business in Tulsa during the early 20th century. During this period, Tulsa was widely known as "The Oil Capital of the World." The area is bounded by 3rd Street on the north and 7th Street on the south, Cincinnati Avenue on the east and Cheyenne Avenue on the west. [1]

Contents

Early in the 20th century, Oklahoma emerged as a major producer of oil and gas. Many of the companies that would become notable in the energy industry located either their home offices or major regional offices in Downtown Tulsa, often constructing architecturally significant buildings to house them. Supporting companies such as equipment suppliers, banks, insurers, utilities and even hotels quickly followed suit. However, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the domestic oil business began to decline and companies began consolidating in other cities, these former office buildings became surplus. Some buildings were converted to other functions, but some others were razed for parking lots or freeways. Tulsans who became concerned about the loss of these historic and cultural landmarks began to work on adapting them for newer and more economic functions. The creation of the Oil Capital Historic District was implemented as a way to slow the losses while the plan was realized.

Building classifications

As part of the application process, all of the significant buildings within the proposed district boundaries were labeled as either "Contributing" or "non-contributing". Buildings in the former category had to meet certain criteria:

The application states that the district contains 72 resources (69 buildings, 2 sites and one object). These were further classified as 40 contributing, 18 non-contributing and 14 which had previously been listed in the National Register. [1]

The table presented here identifies the buildings contained by the OCHD, as defined in the NRHP application. Data are largely derived from text descriptions in the application. They are listed by street address, beginning in the northeast corner of the district (3rd Street and Cincinnati.Avenue). Several architectural styles are represented in the district: Art Deco, Beaux Arts, Classical Revival, Commercial Style, Greek Revival, Italianate, and Modern Movement. Some buildings do not conform to any particular style.

Notable buildings in Oil Capital Historic District
NameAddressYear BuiltArchitectural StyleNotes
Parker Building8 East 3rd1929Gothic RevivalNon-Contributing
24 East 3rd Building24 East 3rd1953Modern MovementContributing
Wright Building115 West 3rd1922Classical RevivalContributing
Castle Building116 West 3rd1925Classical RevivalContributing
Tulsa Federal Employees Credit Union Building120 West 3rd1971Modern MovementNon-Contributing
Wright Building Annex115 West 3rd1916Commercial StyleContributing
Reunion Building9 East 4th1919Classical RevivalContributing
Mid-Continent Parking Garage117 East 4th1955No distinctive styleNon-Contributing
Tulsa Municipal Building124 East 4th1917Greek RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #75001574
Tulsa World Building23 West 4th1917Greek RevivalContributing
Tulsa World Annex23 West 4th1970Classic RevivalNon-Contributing
Irving Building110 West 4th1925Art DecoContributing
Downtowner Motel121 West 4th1961Modern MovementContributing
Sinclair Building6 East 5th Street1917Beaux ArtsContributing
McFarlin Building 9 East 5th Street1918ItalianateContributing; previously listed as NRIS #79002030
First National Tower/Chase Bank 15 East 5th Street1949Modern MovementContributing
Vandever Building16 East 5th Street1920Classical RevivalContributing
Thompson Building 20 East 5th Street1924Classical RevivalContributing
University Club Building114 East 5th Street1924Classical RevivalContributing
Tulsa Club Building 115 East 5th Street1927Art DecoContributing
Mayo Building 5 West 5th Street [a] 1915Classical RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #08001152
Gillette-Tyrrell Building (a.k.a. Pythian Building19 West 5th Street [b] 1930Art Deco:ZigzagContributing; previously listed as NRIS #82003703
Petroleum Building 111 West 5th Street [c] 1921Classical RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #82003706
Mayo Hotel 115 West 5th Street1925Classical RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #80003303
Service Pipeline Building119 East 6th Street1949Art Deco/Streamline ZigzagContributing
Public Service Co. of Oklahoma Building2 West 6th Street1929Art Deco: ZigzagContributing; previously listed as NRIS #84003443
Fourth National Bank Building 15 West 6th Street1967Modern MovementContributing Now renamed Bank of America Center
Holiday Inn/Downtown Plaza17 West 7th1965Modern MovementContributing
320 South Boston Building/ Exchange National Bank/ National Bank of Tulsa 320 South Boston Avenue1917 & 1928Beaux ArtsContributing
Kennedy Building321 South Boston Avenue1918Beaux ArtsContributing
400 South Boston Avenue400 South Boston Avenue1967Modern MovementContributing
Cosden Building/Mid-Continent Tower Building409 South Boston Avenue1918 & 1984Gothic RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #792002029
410 South Boston Avenue Building 15 East 5th Street1974Modern MovementNon-Contributing
Atlas Life Building 415 South Boston Avenue1922Classical RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #09000358
Philtower Building 427 South Boston Avenue1927Classical RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #79002032
Philcade Building 501 South Boston Avenue1930Art Deco: ZigzagContributing; previously listed as NRIS #86002196
Day Building514 South Boston Avenue1925Commercial StyleContributing
Fawcett Building515 South Boston Avenue1934Art Deco: PWAContributing
Pan American South Building519 South Boston Avenue1967Modern MovementContributing
522 South Boston Avenue Building522 South Boston Avenue1954Modern MovementNon-Contributing
601 South Boston AvenueParking Garage1954No distinctive styleContributing
616 South Boston Avenue Building616 South Boston Avenue1951ModerneContributing
Oklahoma Natural Gas Company Building 624 South Boston Avenue1928Art Deco: PWAContributing; previously listed as NRIS #84003458
Ponca City Savings and Loan Building633 South Boston Avenue1956Modern MovementContributing
Masonic Temple706 South Boston Avenue1923Beaux ArtsContributing
First Presbyterian Church 709 South Boston1926 & 1953Gothic RevivalContributing
United States Post Office and Courthouse 224 South Boulder Avenue1917 & 1934Classical RevivalContributing; previously listed as NRIS #00000244
320 South Boulder Avenue Building320 South Boulder Avenue1917No distinctive styleNon-Contributing
Beacon Building406 South Boulder Avenue1923Beaux ArtsContributing
Petroleum Club601 South Boulder Avenue1965Modern MovementContributing
Mid-Co Building302 South Cheyenne Avenue1918Beaux ArtsContributing
Mincks-Adams Hotel 403 South Cheyenne Avenue1928Mixed StyleContributing; previously listed as NRIS #78002273
308 South Cincinnati Avenue308 South Cincinnati Avenue Building1919No distinctive styleNon-Contributing
414 South Cincinnati Avenue Building414 South Cincinnati Avenue1965No distinctive styleContributing
University of Tulsa Law School512 South Cincinnati Avenue1949Art Deco: Streamline/ZigzagContributing
610 South Cincinnati Avenue610 South Cincinnati Avenue Building1959Modern MovementContributing;
309 South Main Street Building309 South Main Street1930No distinctive styleNon-Contributing
Renberg Building311 South Main Street1947Modern MovementContributing
312 South Main Street Building312 South Main Street1970Modern MovementNon-Contributing
Drexel Building317 South Main Street1910 renovated c. 1950No distinctive styleContributing
Palace Building324 South Main Street1913Art Deco: ZigzagContributing
Parking Garage402 South Main Street1975No distinctive styleNon-Contributing
502 South Main Street Building502 South Main Street1981Modern MovementNon-Contributing
Ketchum Hotel/Oil Capital Building507 South Main Street1915, renovated in 1947Commercial StyleContributing
515 South Main Street Building515 South Main Street1986Modern MovementNon-Contributing
525 South Main Street Building (Park Centre Building)525 South Main Street1973Modern MovementNon-Contributing
610 South Main Street Building610 South Main Street1929Beaux ArtsContributing
616 South Main Street Building616 South Main Street1929Beaux ArtsContributing

Oil Industry decline

The importance of Tulsa in the oil industry, as well as the impact of the oil industry on Tulsa, declined as the United States began to rely more heavily on cheaper offshore and imported oil. Major international companies downsized or eliminated their Tulsa offices and moved to cities nearer the coasts, especially after foreign countries began exerting more control over their own oil resources. The Arab Oil Embargo accelerated the trend. The International Petroleum Exposition, which had drawn a record number of visitors in 1966, faded in importance and occurred less frequently until it was permanently cancelled after the 1979 show. [2]

District buildings demolished 1967-2010

Notable buildings in or very near the OCHD that were demolished during the decline of the oil business and the creation of the district include:

Current status of selected surviving buildings

First Place Tower

This building was completed in 1973 and previously housed, in succession, the First National Bank of Tulsa and a Citicorp branch. Citicorp vacated the premises in 2012. ONE Gas, Inc. planned to move its headquarters to this building in 2014. [9]

Sinclair Building

According to a Tulsa World article, a Tulsa County District Judge ruled that the City of Tulsa and the Central Park Owners Association Inc. could foreclose on the Sinclair Building because the current owner was in arrears on $270,000 for taxes, fees and penalties. The sale could be sold at a sheriff's auction, after a 30-day appeal period, unless the owner reaches a settlement agreement with the city and other creditors. [10]

Tulsa Club Building

The Tulsa Club was founded in 1925 as a social club for wealthy businessmen. The 11-story building, designed by Bruce Goff, was constructed in 1927 on the northwest corner of Fifth Street and Cincinnati Avenue, next to the Philtower Building. The Tulsa Chamber of Commerce owned 40 percent of the building and the club owned 60 percent. The Chamber of Commerce and other organizations used the lower five floors, while the Tulsa Club occupied the top six and a roof garden. The chamber sold its interest to the club in 1952, when it built a new building at 616 South Boston. The club abandoned the building in 1994. [11]

It is unclear when California investor C. J. Morony acquired the building. It is even less clear why. Space was never rented, but the building was allowed to deteriorate. Squatters moved and several fires were deliberately set inside. The city tried for seven years to get him to correct code violations, pay delinquent taxes and fees. [12]

Bruce Garrett bought the building for $400,000 in April 2013 at a sheriff's sale, and announced plans to renovate it, while preserving the early 20th-century design. [13]

A recent news article recounted that vandals took away door knobs, light fixtures, and practically anything else they could pry loose. They also covered the walls with graffiti. Fires were set three times in two weeks during April, 2010, damaging several rooms and disfiguring the exterior walls with scorch marks. In October, 2010, a more serious fire raged through the ballroom on the ninth floor, creating doubts that the building could be saved. [14]

Although most developers that had been interested in saving the building lost interest, a Tulsa construction company, the Ross Group, bought the structure in 2015 for $1.5 million. Promise Hotels, became an equity partner. These partners felt they could restore the building to usable condition for $24 million. By 2018, they realized the cost would be $33 million. After the hotel reopened in mid-June 2019, Pete Patel, CEO and President of Promise Hotels, told the Tulsa World that the final cost was about $36 million. He also added, “the most expensive hotel in Tulsa, if not in Oklahoma.” [14]

633 South Boston Building

This building was designed by architect Robert Buchner to house the Tulsa office of Ponca City Savings and Loan Company, but has remained vacant for a number of years. The Tulsa Foundation for Architecture was interested in acquiring the building, intending to create a museum of blueprints and other drawings. However, the foundation was unable to raise sufficient funding and the idea was dropped. [15]

8 East 3rd Street Building

The 10-story building at 8 East 3rd Street has been named as the Holarud Building, the McBirney Building and the Parker Building. [16] It was constructed in 1929 as the headquarters for Parker Drilling Company, and was known as the Parker Building. The company extensively remodeled it in 1975, then sold it and relocated to Houston in 2001. Apparently the building remained vacant until Parker Drilling Company reacquired it in 2012, as a result of foreclosure. The company then sold the building to the Anish Hotel Group, who announced that the building will be converted into a hotel. Since the recent sale, it has been renamed as the 8 East 3rd Street Building. [17]

As of March 2014, the 3rd Street Building project was on hold. Because a large number of hotel projects were being considered for Downtown Tulsa, some concern have arisen about whether there would be sufficient demand for all these to survive. In an interview, Anish Hotel Group founder, Andy Patel, said that the company is also thinking about converting the former Parker Building to residences or office spaces. [18]

Palace Building

Also known as the Excaliber Building and the 324 South Main Building, the structure was reportedly owned by the Tulsa World in 2012. For several years, it had been vacant, except for an Arby's restaurant on the ground floor. Rumors that the building would be demolished were denied by the newspaper. [5]

Petroleum Club Building

The Petroleum Club Building at 601 South Boulder in Tulsa got its name from the private club that moved into its top three floors when it was built in 1963. The building is 196 feet (60 m) tall, has 16 stories, and contains 118,000 square feet (11,000 m2) of floor space. In 1994, a major fire heavily damaged the top two stories, forcing the club to close, and causing serious smoke damage throughout the rest of the building. The club facilities were rebuilt and the facility remained open until 2011. The decline of the oil business in Tulsa was accompanied by a loss of members in the club, and contributed to heavy financial losses. The club closed in July 2011. However, the building is still referred to locally as the Petroleum Club Building. [19]

Tulsa-based Consumer Affairs reportedly has remodeled the severely damaged top floors and has moved some of its headquarters staff into the new space, according to a brief announcement. [20] A previous article noted that Consumer Affairs is a web-based consumer activist organization that was based in Lake Tahoe, Nevada, before moving to Tulsa in 2010. It had announced when beginning the remodel project that it was considering leasing an additional six floors of the building. [21]

Street views

Contributing buildings

Non-contributing buildings

Additional information

National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Retrieved June 19, 2014. (Also available here.)

Notes

  1. Address shown as listed in OCHD application, but current address is 420 South Main Street
  2. Address shown as listed in OCHD application, but current address is 423 South Boulder Avenue
  3. Address shown as listed in OCHD application, but current address is 420 South Boulder Avenue

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References

  1. 1 2 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for Oil Capital Historic District. Archived July 15, 2014, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved June 19, 2014.
  2. Weaver, Bobby D. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. "International Petroleum Exposition." Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  3. 1 2 "2-Building Demolition Completed :: Tulsa and Oklahoma History Collection". cdm15020.contentdm.oclc.org. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Urban Renewal - What we lost." Tulsa Gal blog. March 10, 2010. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  5. 1 2 Excaliber Building won't be demolished, Tulsa World says." Wall, Holly. This Land Press. May 17, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  6. "Forgotten Tulsa Orpheum Theater." June 29, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  7. "Cinema Treasures: Orpheum Theater." Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  8. Emporis. Tulsa Building & Loan Building. [usurped] Retrieved July 18, 2014.
  9. Evatt, Robert. "CBRE sues Kanbar Properties." Tulsa World. June 5, 2014. Accessed December 23, 2015.
  10. Canfield, Kevin. "Tulsa's historic Sinclair Building could soon be sold at auction." Tulsa World. June 3, 2014. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  11. "Abandoned Oklahoma: Tulsa Club Building." Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  12. "Tulsa Club owner Josh Barrett vows to remake historic building." Tulsa World. September 18, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
  13. "Man hopes to restore Tulsa Club Building to former glory." Terrell, Ron. Fox23.com. December 31, 2013.
  14. 1 2 Overall, Michael. "Rising from the ashes: Iconic Tulsa Club building to reopen this week after $36 million restoration. Tulsa World. June 16, 2019. Accessed June 18, 2019.
  15. "Historic Ponca City Savings and Loan building finds new purpose." Overall, Michael. Tulsa World. June 11, 2014. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  16. "Emporis: Holarud Building." Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  17. "Former Parker Drilling building sold to hotel group." Evatt, Robert. Tulsa World. October 25, 2013. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  18. "Building on demand: Patel plots Anish expansion in Stillwater, more hotels for Tulsa area." Davis, Kirby Lee. The Journal Record. March 3, 2014. Retrieved June 28, 2014.
  19. "Petroleum Club falls short in effort to keep doors open. Walton, Rod. Tulsa World. July 6, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
  20. Farley, Meagan. "Tulsa Company Moves Headquarters To Historic Downtown Building." News9. March 29, 2016. Accessed October 29, 2018.
  21. "New Tenant Renovates Part Of Tulsa's Petroleum Club Building." News6. July 23, 2015. Accessed October 29, 2018.