Oil Capital Historic District | |
Location | Tulsa, Oklahoma |
---|---|
Built | 1910–1967 |
Architect | multiple |
Architectural style | multiple |
NRHP reference No. | 10001013 |
Added to NRHP | December 13, 2010 |
The Oil Capital Historic District (OCHD) is an area in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma that commemorates the success of the oil business in Tulsa during the early 20th century. During this period, Tulsa was widely known as "The Oil Capital of the World." The area is bounded by 3rd Street on the north and 7th Street on the south, Cincinnati Avenue on the east and Cheyenne Avenue on the west. [1]
Early in the 20th century, Oklahoma emerged as a major producer of oil and gas. Many of the companies that would become notable in the energy industry located either their home offices or major regional offices in Downtown Tulsa, often constructing architecturally significant buildings to house them. Supporting companies such as equipment suppliers, banks, insurers, utilities and even hotels quickly followed suit. However, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the domestic oil business began to decline and companies began consolidating in other cities, these former office buildings became surplus. Some buildings were converted to other functions, but some others were razed for parking lots or freeways. Tulsans who became concerned about the loss of these historic and cultural landmarks began to work on adapting them for newer and more economic functions. The creation of the Oil Capital Historic District was implemented as a way to slow the losses while the plan was realized.
As part of the application process, all of the significant buildings within the proposed district boundaries were labeled as either "Contributing" or "non-contributing". Buildings in the former category had to meet certain criteria:
The application states that the district contains 72 resources (69 buildings, 2 sites and one object). These were further classified as 40 contributing, 18 non-contributing and 14 which had previously been listed in the National Register. [1]
The table presented here identifies the buildings contained by the OCHD, as defined in the NRHP application. Data are largely derived from text descriptions in the application. They are listed by street address, beginning in the northeast corner of the district (3rd Street and Cincinnati.Avenue). Several architectural styles are represented in the district: Art Deco, Beaux Arts, Classical Revival, Commercial Style, Greek Revival, Italianate, and Modern Movement. Some buildings do not conform to any particular style.
Name | Address | Year Built | Architectural Style | Notes |
Parker Building | 8 East 3rd | 1929 | Gothic Revival | Non-Contributing |
24 East 3rd Building | 24 East 3rd | 1953 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
Wright Building | 115 West 3rd | 1922 | Classical Revival | Contributing |
Castle Building | 116 West 3rd | 1925 | Classical Revival | Contributing |
Tulsa Federal Employees Credit Union Building | 120 West 3rd | 1971 | Modern Movement | Non-Contributing |
Wright Building Annex | 115 West 3rd | 1916 | Commercial Style | Contributing |
Reunion Building | 9 East 4th | 1919 | Classical Revival | Contributing |
Mid-Continent Parking Garage | 117 East 4th | 1955 | No distinctive style | Non-Contributing |
Tulsa Municipal Building | 124 East 4th | 1917 | Greek Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #75001574 |
Tulsa World Building | 23 West 4th | 1917 | Greek Revival | Contributing |
Tulsa World Annex | 23 West 4th | 1970 | Classic Revival | Non-Contributing |
Irving Building | 110 West 4th | 1925 | Art Deco | Contributing |
Downtowner Motel | 121 West 4th | 1961 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
Sinclair Building | 6 East 5th Street | 1917 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
McFarlin Building | 9 East 5th Street | 1918 | Italianate | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #79002030 |
First National Tower/Chase Bank | 15 East 5th Street | 1949 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
Vandever Building | 16 East 5th Street | 1920 | Classical Revival | Contributing |
Thompson Building | 20 East 5th Street | 1924 | Classical Revival | Contributing |
University Club Building | 114 East 5th Street | 1924 | Classical Revival | Contributing |
Tulsa Club Building | 115 East 5th Street | 1927 | Art Deco | Contributing |
Mayo Building | 5 West 5th Street [a] | 1915 | Classical Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #08001152 |
Gillette-Tyrrell Building (a.k.a. Pythian Building | 19 West 5th Street [b] | 1930 | Art Deco:Zigzag | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #82003703 |
Petroleum Building | 111 West 5th Street [c] | 1921 | Classical Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #82003706 |
Mayo Hotel | 115 West 5th Street | 1925 | Classical Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #80003303 |
Service Pipeline Building | 119 East 6th Street | 1949 | Art Deco/Streamline Zigzag | Contributing |
Public Service Co. of Oklahoma Building | 2 West 6th Street | 1929 | Art Deco: Zigzag | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #84003443 |
Fourth National Bank Building | 15 West 6th Street | 1967 | Modern Movement | Contributing Now renamed Bank of America Center |
Holiday Inn/Downtown Plaza | 17 West 7th | 1965 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
320 South Boston Building/ Exchange National Bank/ National Bank of Tulsa | 320 South Boston Avenue | 1917 & 1928 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
Kennedy Building | 321 South Boston Avenue | 1918 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
400 South Boston Avenue | 400 South Boston Avenue | 1967 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
Cosden Building/Mid-Continent Tower Building | 409 South Boston Avenue | 1918 & 1984 | Gothic Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #792002029 |
410 South Boston Avenue Building | 15 East 5th Street | 1974 | Modern Movement | Non-Contributing |
Atlas Life Building | 415 South Boston Avenue | 1922 | Classical Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #09000358 |
Philtower Building | 427 South Boston Avenue | 1927 | Classical Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #79002032 |
Philcade Building | 501 South Boston Avenue | 1930 | Art Deco: Zigzag | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #86002196 |
Day Building | 514 South Boston Avenue | 1925 | Commercial Style | Contributing |
Fawcett Building | 515 South Boston Avenue | 1934 | Art Deco: PWA | Contributing |
Pan American South Building | 519 South Boston Avenue | 1967 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
522 South Boston Avenue Building | 522 South Boston Avenue | 1954 | Modern Movement | Non-Contributing |
601 South Boston Avenue | Parking Garage | 1954 | No distinctive style | Contributing |
616 South Boston Avenue Building | 616 South Boston Avenue | 1951 | Moderne | Contributing |
Oklahoma Natural Gas Company Building | 624 South Boston Avenue | 1928 | Art Deco: PWA | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #84003458 |
Ponca City Savings and Loan Building | 633 South Boston Avenue | 1956 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
Masonic Temple | 706 South Boston Avenue | 1923 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
First Presbyterian Church | 709 South Boston | 1926 & 1953 | Gothic Revival | Contributing |
United States Post Office and Courthouse | 224 South Boulder Avenue | 1917 & 1934 | Classical Revival | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #00000244 |
320 South Boulder Avenue Building | 320 South Boulder Avenue | 1917 | No distinctive style | Non-Contributing |
Beacon Building | 406 South Boulder Avenue | 1923 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
Petroleum Club | 601 South Boulder Avenue | 1965 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
Mid-Co Building | 302 South Cheyenne Avenue | 1918 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
Mincks-Adams Hotel | 403 South Cheyenne Avenue | 1928 | Mixed Style | Contributing; previously listed as NRIS #78002273 |
308 South Cincinnati Avenue | 308 South Cincinnati Avenue Building | 1919 | No distinctive style | Non-Contributing |
414 South Cincinnati Avenue Building | 414 South Cincinnati Avenue | 1965 | No distinctive style | Contributing |
University of Tulsa Law School | 512 South Cincinnati Avenue | 1949 | Art Deco: Streamline/Zigzag | Contributing |
610 South Cincinnati Avenue | 610 South Cincinnati Avenue Building | 1959 | Modern Movement | Contributing; |
309 South Main Street Building | 309 South Main Street | 1930 | No distinctive style | Non-Contributing |
Renberg Building | 311 South Main Street | 1947 | Modern Movement | Contributing |
312 South Main Street Building | 312 South Main Street | 1970 | Modern Movement | Non-Contributing |
Drexel Building | 317 South Main Street | 1910 renovated c. 1950 | No distinctive style | Contributing |
Palace Building | 324 South Main Street | 1913 | Art Deco: Zigzag | Contributing |
Parking Garage | 402 South Main Street | 1975 | No distinctive style | Non-Contributing |
502 South Main Street Building | 502 South Main Street | 1981 | Modern Movement | Non-Contributing |
Ketchum Hotel/Oil Capital Building | 507 South Main Street | 1915, renovated in 1947 | Commercial Style | Contributing |
515 South Main Street Building | 515 South Main Street | 1986 | Modern Movement | Non-Contributing |
525 South Main Street Building (Park Centre Building) | 525 South Main Street | 1973 | Modern Movement | Non-Contributing |
610 South Main Street Building | 610 South Main Street | 1929 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
616 South Main Street Building | 616 South Main Street | 1929 | Beaux Arts | Contributing |
The importance of Tulsa in the oil industry, as well as the impact of the oil industry on Tulsa, declined as the United States began to rely more heavily on cheaper offshore and imported oil. Major international companies downsized or eliminated their Tulsa offices and moved to cities nearer the coasts, especially after foreign countries began exerting more control over their own oil resources. The Arab Oil Embargo accelerated the trend. The International Petroleum Exposition, which had drawn a record number of visitors in 1966, faded in importance and occurred less frequently until it was permanently cancelled after the 1979 show. [2]
Notable buildings in or very near the OCHD that were demolished during the decline of the oil business and the creation of the district include:
This building was completed in 1973 and previously housed, in succession, the First National Bank of Tulsa and a Citicorp branch. Citicorp vacated the premises in 2012. ONE Gas, Inc. planned to move its headquarters to this building in 2014. [9]
According to a Tulsa World article, a Tulsa County District Judge ruled that the City of Tulsa and the Central Park Owners Association Inc. could foreclose on the Sinclair Building because the current owner was in arrears on $270,000 for taxes, fees and penalties. The sale could be sold at a sheriff's auction, after a 30-day appeal period, unless the owner reaches a settlement agreement with the city and other creditors. [10]
The Tulsa Club was founded in 1925 as a social club for wealthy businessmen. The 11-story building, designed by Bruce Goff, was constructed in 1927 on the northwest corner of Fifth Street and Cincinnati Avenue, next to the Philtower Building. The Tulsa Chamber of Commerce owned 40 percent of the building and the club owned 60 percent. The Chamber of Commerce and other organizations used the lower five floors, while the Tulsa Club occupied the top six and a roof garden. The chamber sold its interest to the club in 1952, when it built a new building at 616 South Boston. The club abandoned the building in 1994. [11]
It is unclear when California investor C. J. Morony acquired the building. It is even less clear why. Space was never rented, but the building was allowed to deteriorate. Squatters moved and several fires were deliberately set inside. The city tried for seven years to get him to correct code violations, pay delinquent taxes and fees. [12]
Bruce Garrett bought the building for $400,000 in April 2013 at a sheriff's sale, and announced plans to renovate it, while preserving the early 20th-century design. [13]
A recent news article recounted that vandals took away door knobs, light fixtures, and practically anything else they could pry loose. They also covered the walls with graffiti. Fires were set three times in two weeks during April, 2010, damaging several rooms and disfiguring the exterior walls with scorch marks. In October, 2010, a more serious fire raged through the ballroom on the ninth floor, creating doubts that the building could be saved. [14]
Although most developers that had been interested in saving the building lost interest, a Tulsa construction company, the Ross Group, bought the structure in 2015 for $1.5 million. Promise Hotels, became an equity partner. These partners felt they could restore the building to usable condition for $24 million. By 2018, they realized the cost would be $33 million. After the hotel reopened in mid-June 2019, Pete Patel, CEO and President of Promise Hotels, told the Tulsa World that the final cost was about $36 million. He also added, “the most expensive hotel in Tulsa, if not in Oklahoma.” [14]
This building was designed by architect Robert Buchner to house the Tulsa office of Ponca City Savings and Loan Company, but has remained vacant for a number of years. The Tulsa Foundation for Architecture was interested in acquiring the building, intending to create a museum of blueprints and other drawings. However, the foundation was unable to raise sufficient funding and the idea was dropped. [15]
The 10-story building at 8 East 3rd Street has been named as the Holarud Building, the McBirney Building and the Parker Building. [16] It was constructed in 1929 as the headquarters for Parker Drilling Company, and was known as the Parker Building. The company extensively remodeled it in 1975, then sold it and relocated to Houston in 2001. Apparently the building remained vacant until Parker Drilling Company reacquired it in 2012, as a result of foreclosure. The company then sold the building to the Anish Hotel Group, who announced that the building will be converted into a hotel. Since the recent sale, it has been renamed as the 8 East 3rd Street Building. [17]
As of March 2014, the 3rd Street Building project was on hold. Because a large number of hotel projects were being considered for Downtown Tulsa, some concern have arisen about whether there would be sufficient demand for all these to survive. In an interview, Anish Hotel Group founder, Andy Patel, said that the company is also thinking about converting the former Parker Building to residences or office spaces. [18]
Also known as the Excaliber Building and the 324 South Main Building, the structure was reportedly owned by the Tulsa World in 2012. For several years, it had been vacant, except for an Arby's restaurant on the ground floor. Rumors that the building would be demolished were denied by the newspaper. [5]
The Petroleum Club Building at 601 South Boulder in Tulsa got its name from the private club that moved into its top three floors when it was built in 1963. The building is 196 feet (60 m) tall, has 16 stories, and contains 118,000 square feet (11,000 m2) of floor space. In 1994, a major fire heavily damaged the top two stories, forcing the club to close, and causing serious smoke damage throughout the rest of the building. The club facilities were rebuilt and the facility remained open until 2011. The decline of the oil business in Tulsa was accompanied by a loss of members in the club, and contributed to heavy financial losses. The club closed in July 2011. However, the building is still referred to locally as the Petroleum Club Building. [19]
Tulsa-based Consumer Affairs reportedly has remodeled the severely damaged top floors and has moved some of its headquarters staff into the new space, according to a brief announcement. [20] A previous article noted that Consumer Affairs is a web-based consumer activist organization that was based in Lake Tahoe, Nevada, before moving to Tulsa in 2010. It had announced when beginning the remodel project that it was considering leasing an additional six floors of the building. [21]
National Register of Historic Places Registration Form Retrieved June 19, 2014. (Also available here.)
Tulsa County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2020 census, the population was 669,279, making it the second-most populous county in the state, behind only Oklahoma County. Its county seat and largest city is Tulsa, the second-largest city in the state. Founded at statehood, in 1907, it was named after the previously established city of Tulsa. Before statehood, the area was part of both the Creek Nation and the Cooweescoowee District of Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory. Tulsa County is included in the Tulsa metropolitan statistical area. Tulsa County is notable for being the most densely populated county in the state. Tulsa County also ranks as having the highest income.
Okmulgee is a city in and the county seat of Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area. The name is from the Muskogee word okimulgi, which means "boiling waters". The site was chosen because of the nearby rivers and springs. Okmulgee is 38 miles south of Tulsa and 13 miles north of Henryetta via US-75.
Waite Phillips was an American petroleum businessman who created a fully integrated operation that combined petroleum producing, refining and marketing. With headquarters in Tulsa, Oklahoma, he also developed several office complexes and engaged in banking and ranching. Phillips was a philanthropist for both local Tulsa institutions and national causes. In Tulsa he built a 72-room mansion for his residence, which he later donated to the city; it became the Philbrook Museum of Art. He gave 127,000 acres (510 km2) of his favorite ranch in New Mexico to the Boy Scouts of America, together with an office building as part of its endowment. The ranch is now Philmont Scout Ranch, one of the largest youth camps in the world. Phillips also made a substantial bequest to the University of Southern California, which named a building after him.
The title of "Oil Capital of the World" is often used to refer to Tulsa, Oklahoma. Houston, Texas, the current center of the oil industry, more frequently uses the sobriquet “The Energy Capital of the World.”
Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 45th-most populous city in the United States.
The Philtower Building is a historic building located at 427 South Boston Avenue in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Tulsa is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma. It has many diverse neighborhoods due to its size.
The Atlas Life Building is a historic twelve-story building in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. Designed by the firm Rush, Endacott and Rush, the building was completed in 1922. It is located at 415 S. Boston Avenue, sandwiched between the Philtower and Mid-Continent Tower. On May 19, 2009, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Originally an office building, it was converted to hotel use in 2010.
The 320 South Boston Building is a 22-story high-rise building located in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was originally constructed at the corner of Third Street and Boston Avenue as a ten-story headquarters building for the Exchange National Bank of Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1917, and expanded to its present dimensions in 1929. The addition brought the building's height to 400 feet (122 m), making it the tallest building in Oklahoma. It lost this distinction in 1931, but remained the tallest building in Tulsa until Fourth National Bank was completed in 1967. It is now included in the Oil Capital Historic District.
Maple Ridge is a historic district in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It is bounded by the Inner Dispersal Loop on the north, Hazel Boulevard on the south, Peoria Avenue on the east and the Midland Valley Railroad right of way on the west. The northern portion of the district, between 15th Street and 21st Street, has been zoned with Historic Preservation Overlay Zoning by the City of Tulsa and is called North Maple Ridge.
Downtown Tulsa is an area of approximately 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2) surrounded by an inner-dispersal loop created by Interstate 244, US 64 and US 75. The area serves as Tulsa's financial and business district; it is the focus of a large initiative to draw tourism, which includes plans to capitalize on the area's historic architecture. Much of Tulsa's convention space is located in downtown, such as the Tulsa Performing Arts Center and the Tulsa Convention Center, as well as the BOK Center. Prominent downtown sub-districts include the Blue Dome District, the Tulsa Arts District, and the Greenwood Historical District, which includes the site of ONEOK Field, a baseball stadium for the Tulsa Drillers opened in 2010.
The Oklahoma Natural Gas Company Building is a historic building in Tulsa, Oklahoma, at 624 South Boston Ave. It was one of the first local Art Deco buildings built in the new Art Deco style, along with the Public Service of Oklahoma Building. This choice by the relatively conservative utility companies made the style acceptable in the city, with many Art Deco buildings built subsequently in Tulsa. The building was designed by Frank V. Kirshner and Arthur M. Atkinson. It was built of reinforced concrete, and clad in buff brick, except for the lower two stories, which are clad in limestone. The verticalness of the building is emphasized by piers rising the entire height of the facade with windows placed between the piers.
The Petroleum Building is a 50-meter/10-floor building at 420 South Boulder in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was built in 1921, and is a steel and reinforced concrete structure faced with buff brick. The name was given because most of the early tenants were associated with the petroleum industry. Later, it housed the Mayo Brothers Furniture Company. It was identified as one of the supporting structures during the creation of the Oil Capital Historic District.
Keene & Simpson was an American architectural firm based in Kansas City, Missouri, and in practice from 1909 until 1980. The named partners were architects Arthur Samuel Keene FAIA (1875–1966) and Leslie Butler Simpson AIA (1885–1961). In 1955 it became Keene & Simpson & Murphy with the addition of John Thomas Murphy FAIA (1913–1999), who managed the firm until his retirement in 1980.
The Pierce Block is a historic building in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma on the northeast corner of Third Street and Detroit Avenue, that was constructed as a hotel in 1909. According to the Tulsa Preservation Commission, it is the oldest remaining post-statehood hotel in Tulsa. Originally it was a few blocks west of the Midland Valley Railroad passenger station, which was at Third and Greenwood Avenue.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States.
The Philcade Building is an office building in downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma at the southeast corner of East 5th Street and South Boston Avenue. Designed by Leon B. Senter, for oilman Waite Phillips, it was begun in 1929 and completed in 1931. It is noted for its Art Deco zigzag style architecture. The building was listed in the National Register on September 18, 1986, under National Register Criterion C. Its NRIS number is 86002196. It is also a contributing property of the Oil Capital Historic District in Tulsa.
The Mincks-Adams Hotel is located one block west of the Oil Capital Historic District, at 403 Cheyenne Avenue in Downtown Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was constructed in 1927–1928 by businessman I. S. "Ike" Mincks and named the Mincks Hotel. It was a luxury hotel intended to attract businessmen, and was opened for guests in time for the first International Petroleum Exposition. Mincks declared bankruptcy in 1935. The hotel was sold at a liquidation sale and subsequently reopened under new ownership as the Adams Hotel. It was converted to the Adams Office Tower in the early 1980s. The building is noted for its architecture and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) under Criterion C on November 7, 1977, with NRIS number 78002273.
General Patrick Hurley opened the Ambassador Hotel in 1929, intending it to be a luxury "extended stay" residence for Tulsa businessmen, who were building mansions that were not yet ready for occupancy. Hurley never stayed in the hotel he founded. He moved to Washington, D. C. in March 1929, after President Herbert Hoover chose him to be Secretary of War, after the death of the previous Secretary, who died in December 1929. Hurley never returned to Tulsa.
The Tulsa Club Building is an 11-story structure that stands on the northwest corner of Cincinnati Avenue and East Fifth Street, inside the Oil Capital Historic District of Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. Designed by Bruce Goff and constructed in 1927 by the architectural firm Rush, Endacott and Rush, it was a joint venture of the Tulsa Club and the Tulsa Chamber of Commerce.