Onchidoris muricata

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Onchidoris muricata
B135542-1.jpg
Two specimens of the nudibranch Onchidoris muricata with egg spirals, Gulen Dive Resort, Norway.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked):clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Nudipleura
clade Nudibranchia
clade Euctenidiacea
clade Doridacea
Superfamily: Onchidoridoidea
Family: Onchidorididae
Genus: Onchidoris
Species:O. muricata
Binomial name
Onchidoris muricata
(O. F. Müller, 1776) [1]
Synonyms [2]
  • Doris muricataO. F. Müller, 1776
  • Doris asperaAlder & Hancock, 1842
  • Doris diaphanaAlder & Hancock, 1845
  • Doris ulidianaThompson W., 1845
  • Lamellidoris aspera(Alder & Hancock, 1842)
  • Lamellidoris diaphana(Alder & Hancock, 1845)
  • Lamellidoris muricata(O. F. Müller, 1776)
  • Onchidoris aspera(Alder & Hancock, 1842)

Onchidoris muricata is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae. [2]

In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Sea slug group of marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs

Sea slug is a common name for some marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are actually gastropods, i.e. they are sea snails that over evolutionary time have either completely lost their shells, or have seemingly lost their shells due to having a greatly reduced or internal shell. The name "sea slug" is most often applied to nudibranchs, as well as to a paraphyletic set of other marine gastropods without obvious shells.

Nudibranch order of molluscs

Nudibranchs are a group of soft-bodied, marine gastropod molluscs which shed their shells after their larval stage. They are noted for their often extraordinary colours and striking forms, and they have been given colourful nicknames to match, such as "clown", "marigold", "splendid", "dancer", and "dragon". Currently, about 3,000 valid species of nudibranchs are known.

Colour plate from Alder & Hancock Monograph, 1845-55, figs 1-9. AlderHancockFam1Plate9.jpg
Colour plate from Alder & Hancock Monograph, 1845-55, figs 1-9.

Distribution

This species was described from Norway. It is currently known from the European coasts of the North Atlantic Ocean as far south as the British Isles and the north-west Atlantic as far south as Maine. [4] [5] It is reported from the north-east Pacific Ocean coasts of North America from Friday Harbor, Washington south to Lion Rock, San Luis Obispo County, California. [6]

Norway constitutional monarchy in Northern Europe

Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land.

Maine State of the United States of America

Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Maine is the 12th smallest by area, the 9th least populous, and the 38th most densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. It is bordered by New Hampshire to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and northwest respectively. Maine is the easternmost state in the contiguous United States, and the northernmost state east of the Great Lakes. It is known for its jagged, rocky coastline; low, rolling mountains; heavily forested interior; and picturesque waterways, as well as its seafood cuisine, especially lobster and clams. There is a humid continental climate throughout most of the state, including in coastal areas such as its most populous city of Portland. The capital is Augusta.

Pacific Ocean Ocean between Asia and Australia in the west, the Americas in the east and Antarctica or the Southern Ocean in the south.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

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References

  1. ↑ Müller, Otto Frederik (1776) Zoologiae Danicae. Prodromus seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae ingenarum characteres, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium, xxxii + 282 pp.
  2. 1 2 Rosenberg, G.; Gofas, S. (2015). Onchidoris muricata (O. F. Müller, 1776). In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2016-01-15.
  3. ↑ Alder J. & Hancock A. (1845-1855). A monograph of the British nudibranchiate Mollusca: with figures of all the species. The Ray Society, London. Published in 8 parts:Part 6. Fam.1 Plate 9 [1854].
  4. ↑ Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. (2015). Onchidoris muricata Muller, 1776. [In] Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Accessed on 2016-01-15.
  5. ↑ Rudman, W.B., 2001 (July 3) Onchidoris muricata Muller, 1776. [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
  6. ↑ Behrens, D. W., & Hermosillo, A. (2005) Eastern Pacific nudibranchs, a guide to the opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America. vi + 137 pp., 314 photos. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, page 59.
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