Operation VETO, the investigation by Europol and the police into match fixing in professional football, was announced on 4 February 2013. [1] [2] [3] The investigation was carried out by Europol, the European Union's law enforcement agency, and centred on the influence of organised crime syndicates based in Asia on the results of 380 football matches played in 15 countries around the world, with 425 match officials, club officials, players and criminals were under suspicion. [4] At the time of the announcement, 50 people had been arrested in connection to the scandal. [1]
Details of the investigation revealed that crime syndicates based in Singapore paid almost €2,000,000 in bribes—with the largest individual bribe being €140,000—to fix matches, with accomplices in Europe placing bets via the internet with bookmakers in Asia; these bets would be illegal in Europe, but unregulated in Asia. The scam reportedly produced profits of over €8,000,000. [5]
The operation was active from July 2011 until January 2013. [6]
The majority of matches affected by match-fixing were reportedly played as part of German, Swiss and Turkish football leagues. [7] Further matches in Asia, Africa and Latin and South America were also identified as having been affected. Two World Cup qualifying matches were also named as being under suspicion. [5]
A UEFA Champions League fixture staged in England "within the last three to four years" was cited as one of the matches affected by match-fixing, though Europol declined to give any further details of the match in question. [8] The Danish newspaper Ekstra Bladet claimed that the match involved was Liverpool’s 1–0 win over Hungarian side Debrecen in the group stage of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League. [9]
In organized sports, match fixing is the act of playing or officiating a contest with the intention of achieving a predetermined result, violating the rules of the game and often the law. There are many reasons why match fixing might take place, including receiving bribes from bookmakers or sports bettors, and blackmail. Competitors may also intentionally perform poorly to gain a future advantage, such as a better draft pick or to face an easier opponent in a later round of competition. A player might also play poorly to rig a handicap system.
In early 2005, German football was overshadowed by the discovery of a €2 million match fixing scandal centered on second division referee Robert Hoyzer, who confessed to fixing and betting on matches in the 2. Bundesliga, the DFB-Pokal, and the then third division Regionalliga. The scandal has been described as the largest controversy in German football since the Bundesliga scandal of the early 1970s, as numerous players, coaches and officials have been accused of involvement with an organised crime group in the scheme, which came on the eve of Germany playing host to the 2006 World Cup.
The 1992–93 UEFA Champions League was the 38th European Cup, the premier European club football tournament, and the first season with the UEFA Champions League branding.
The British betting scandal of 1964 was a scandal in English association football in which ten professional players were jailed for offences arising from match fixing.
The 2009 European football betting scandal was an attempt to influence the outcome of professional association football matches in Europe, and to defraud the gambling industry by betting on the results. The investigation centres on around 200 fixtures, including domestic league games in nine European countries: Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Croatia, Slovenia, Turkey, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Austria. It also involved twelve qualifying matches in the UEFA Europa League and three in the UEFA Champions League. Peter Limacher, a spokesman for European football's governing body UEFA, described it as "the biggest match-fixing scandal ever to hit Europe."
Koriopolis is the name given by the Greek press to a match fixing scandal in Greek football that came to light in June 2011. With the help of UEFA and the Greek National Intelligence Service, the judicial authorities initially identified 83 suspects, which subsequently increased to 187, including football officials, referees, players and police officers, who were banned from leaving the country.
The 2011 South Korean football match-fixing scandal was a large-scale match-fixing scandal, which occurred in K League and Korean League Cup since 2010 and was revealed in 2011. A total of 57 footballers were charged with the scandal and 55 players among them were punished.
The 2011 Turkish sports corruption scandal was an investigation about match fixing, incentive premium, bribery, establishing a criminal organization, organized crime and intimidation in Turkey's top two association football divisions, the Süper Lig and First League.
The 1914–15 season was Manchester United's 23rd season in the Football League and eighth in the First Division.
Felix Zwayer is a German football referee who is based in Berlin. He referees for SC Charlottenburg of the Berlin Football Association. He is a FIFA referee, and is ranked as a UEFA elite category referee.
Over the course of the game's history, several incidents relating to match-fixing in English football have taken place.
The 2013 Lebanese football match-fixing scandal was part of a worldwide FIFA investigation with the intent of cracking down on match fixing. Many players were found guilty of being bribed by betting companies to purposefully lose games, with matches not only limited to domestic leagues in Asia, but also international competitions. 24 players were fined in various degrees, with Ramez Dayoub and Mahmoud El Ali being given the most severe punishment: a lifetime ban from the sport and a $15,000 fine.
The issue of match fixing in association football has been described, in 2013, by Chris Eaton, the former Head of Security of FIFA, as a "crisis", while UEFA's president Michel Platini has said that if it continues, "football is dead". Zhang Jilong, president of the Asian Football Confederation, has stated that it is a "pandemic". The issue also affects a number of other sports across the world.
In November and December 2013 several individuals were arrested by the National Crime Agency (NCA) on suspicion of fixing English association football matches. The arrests occurred as a result of two separate newspaper investigations, by The Daily Telegraph and the Sun on Sunday. On 17 June 2014, a jury at Birmingham Crown Court found Michael Boateng, Krishna Sanjey Ganeshan and Chann Sankaran guilty of conspiracy to commit bribery, while Hakeem Adelakun was cleared of the offence. Sankaran and Ganeshan were sentenced to five years in prison, with Boeteng given an 18-month sentence. At a later trial, Moses Swaibu and Delroy Facey were also found guilty of conspiracy to commit bribery and sentenced to 16 months and 30 months in prison respectively.
Tan Seet Eng, also known by the English nameDan Tan, is a Singaporean businessman. He has faced charges of match fixing in Italy since 2011 and Hungary since 2013 as part of the Calcio scommesse scandal. Despite Interpol considering him the "boss" of the "world's largest and most aggressive match-fixing syndicate", he was not arrested in Singapore until late 2013 since it lacks an extradition treaty with the European Union.
Sportradar AG is a multinational corporation with headquarters in St. Gallen, Switzerland, that collects and analyzes sports data for bookmakers, national and international sports federations, and media companies. As of 2022, the company has 35 offices in 19 countries around the world, including New York City, Las Vegas, London, Trondheim, Munich, Ljubljana, Sydney, Montevideo, and Singapore.
The French football bribery scandal occurred during a 1992–93 French Division 1 match between Valenciennes and Olympique de Marseille. Marseille president Bernard Tapie and general manager Jean-Pierre Bernès contacted Valenciennes players Jorge Burruchaga, Jacques Glassmann, and Christophe Robert through Marseille player Jean-Jacques Eydelie, who asked them to underperform in the match so that Marseille could stay fresher for their 1993 UEFA Champions League final match against A.C. Milan six days later. Burruchaga and Robert accepted the bribe. However, Glassmann refused to partake in the bribe and was the one who publicly revealed the scandal. Glassmann was awarded the 1995 FIFA Fair Play Award for refusing to partake in the bribe.
The issue of match fixing in tennis is an ongoing problem. First reported on by The Sunday Telegraph in 2003, an organisation called the Tennis Integrity Unit was set up in 2008 following an investigation into the problem. In 2011, Daniel Köllerer became the first player to receive a lifetime ban from the sport due to match fixing. Later that year, the organisers of the Wimbledon tournament were provided a list of people suspected of involvement in the issue. In 2016 the BBC reported on "evidence of widespread suspected match-fixing at the top level of world tennis, including at Wimbledon", and in February 2019 the BBC said that tennis was a "sport riddled with corruption".