Order of the Lion of Finland
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Awarded by Finland | |
Type | State order |
Established | September 11, 1942 |
Country | Finland |
Seat | House of the Estates [1] |
Ribbon | Red |
Eligibility | Finnish nationals and foreigners [2] |
Criteria | For significant civilian or military merits [2] |
Status | Currently constituted |
Founder | Risto Ryti [3] |
Grand Master | Alexander Stubb [1] |
Chancellor | Jussi Nuorteva [1] |
Vice-Chancellor | Kari Jordan [1] |
Classes |
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Website | ritarikunnat |
Statistics | |
First induction | September 28, 1942 [4] |
Precedence | |
Next (higher) | Order of the Cross of Liberty |
Next (lower) | Cross of Merit for Finnish Physical Education and Sports |
Ribbon of the Order of the Lion of Finland |
The Order of the Lion of Finland (Finnish : Suomen Leijonan ritarikunta; Swedish : Finlands Lejons orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty and the Order of the White Rose of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board. The President of Finland wears the Star of the Order of the Lion of Finland.
The Order of the Lion of Finland was established on September 11, 1942. [3] At that time, Finland was waging the Continuation War. Wartime diplomacy included a heightened need to decorate particularly foreigners from aligned countries, chiefly Germany. The existing Finnish orders – the Order of the Cross of Liberty and the Order of the White Rose of Finland – could not keep up with the decorations and their highest grades were in danger to become inflated due to too many holders. The Order of the Lion of Finland was thus established to allow the continuation of decorating foreigners with high ranks in Finnish orders, [5] although the Order of the Lion of Finland can also be awarded to Finnish nationals. [6] The new order also allowed for more flexible decorations, taking in account the rank and achievements of the recipients. [7]
In January 1998 President Martti Ahtisaari was criticized by some NGOs, politicians and notable cultural figures because he awarded Commander of the Order of the Lion of Finland to Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo, the Forest Minister of Indonesia, and to Sukanto Tanoto, the main owner of the Indonesian RGM Company, a parent company of the April Company. The April Company was criticized by non-governmental organisations for destroying rainforests, and Indonesia itself was criticized heavily for human right violations, especially in East Timor. Ahtisaari's party chairman Erkki Tuomioja said that giving the medals was questionable since he feared the act may tarnish the public image of Finnish human rights policy. Students of the arts had demonstrations in Helsinki against the decision to give medals. [8] [9] Artist Marjatta Hanhijoki and author Leena Krohn returned their Pro Finlandia medals to protest the Indonesian decorations. [10]
Finnish Olympic and Paralympic medalists are awarded Knight or Knight, First Class, with clasps. [11]
Ambassadors accredited to Helsinki leaving their post are given the Grand Cross provided that their country also awards medals reciprocally. [12]
The classes of the Order of the Lion of Finland are:
The Order of the White Rose of Finland is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland. The President of Finland is the Grand Master of all three orders. The orders are administered by boards consisting of a chancellor, a vice-chancellor and at least four members. The orders of the White Rose of Finland and the Lion of Finland have a joint board.
Ahti Kalle Samuli Karjalainen was a Finnish economist and politician. He was a member of the Agrarian League and served two terms as Prime Minister of Finland. He is, however, better known for his period as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Finland. Karjalainen is considered one of the most influential figures in post-war Finnish politics. Like President Urho Kekkonen, Karjalainen attached great importance to Finland's relationship with the Soviet Union, and was at one point considered to be Kekkonen's likely successor until alcoholism affected his later career.
Kim Borg was a Finnish bass, teacher and composer. He had a wide-ranging, resonant, warm voice.
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Hannu Mäkelä is an author of more than 100 books in Finnish: novels, collections of short stories, edited anthologies and children's books. Hannu Mäkelä is known for his books for children in many countries around the world, especially the Herra Huu series.
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Veikko Johannes Uusimäki was a Finnish actor and theater councilor. During his life, he acted in a total of 25 films, in connection with which he also served as director of Yleisradio's theater services between 1973 and 1987. In 1973, Uusimäki was awarded the Pro Finlandia Medal of the Order of the Lion of Finland.
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Tarja-Tuulikki Tarsala was a Finnish film actress. She was the wife of the director Ere Kokkonen.
Eeva Anneli ("Anu") Pentikäinen, better known professionally as Anu Pentik, is a Finnish designer and ceramicist.
Kerttu-Kaarina Suosalmi was a Finnish author, best known for depicting the ordinary struggles of the 'everyman'.
Helmi Lydia Lindelöf was a leading Finnish actress of the first half of the 20th century.